LM Case Research Articles

Vladavina prava, poverenje i konkurencija - hoće li Sped-Pro promeniti zaštitu osnovnih vrednosti EU?

The CJEU's jurisprudence based on the LM case has been criticized on the grounds that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to prove threats to due process in an individual case. The central question posed is the permissibility of limiting the principle of mutual trust between Member States because of a potential breach of fundamental rights in one of them. In the recent Sped-Pro case, the General Court decided to apply the above question to a new field of EU Law - competition law - without changing much of the essence of the question. In trying to protect mutual trust between Member States, the General Court has not created effective tools to protect the rule of law in the Member States. This also puts the principle of mutual trust at risk.

LM case, a new horizon in shielding fundamental rights within cooperation based on mutual recognition. Flying in the coffin corner

In a particularly complex political context, the ruling in the LM case is called to constitute a milestone in the CJEU Jurisprudence regarding the protection of fundamental rights in judicial cooperation within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. With this decision, the Court not only deepens the doctrine drawn up in the Aranyosi-Caldaru and ML cases but also goes beyond by expanding the boundaries of fundamental rights protection and clarifying the conditions and procedures of said safeguard. The freshly opened horizon represents new challenges to combine the requirements of judicial cooperation within the AFSJ and fundamental rights protection. The turning point marked by this judgment raises different questions, riveting yet somehow disquieting ones too, although emerged in the context of the EAW FD, might apply to all species of judicial cooperation based on mutual recognition.

Método para medir la inmadurez neuronal en el estrabismo congénito

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de inmadurez neuronal en el estrabismo esencial mediante análisis Voxel (granulometría y FreeSurfer) de la corteza cerebral.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto, prospectivo, transversal, observacional para analizar la densidad granulométrica y el grosor cortical de los cerebros de seis niños de siete años de edad, agrupados de la siguiente manera: dos niños sanos como grupo control (GC), dos niños con esotropia congénita (ET), dos niños con exotropia disociada (XTD), y un niño de 2 años de edad con leucomalacia (LM). Los resultados fueron comparados para su análisis.Resultados: El GC mostró la mayor cantidad de elementos granulométricos en la sustancia blanca, mientas que el caso de LM mostró la menor cantidad así como un aumento de volumen de estos; los casos de estrabismo ocuparon posiciones intermedias entre estos dos parámetros. Mediante FreeSurfer se identificó en el grupo problema un aumento del espesor en la corteza estriada y una disminución en los lóbulos temporales.Conclusión: La inmadurez neuronal está representada por la disminución de la densidad de la sustancia blanca, el aumento en la sustancia gris, la disminución del grosor cortical en los lóbulos temporales y el aumento de grosor cortical en lóbulos occipitales. Existe una relación cuantitativa entre la cantidad, calidad, proporción y distribución de los elementos granulométricos de la sustancia gris y blanca de la corteza cerebral que permite establecer de una manera objetiva la inmadurez neuronal mediante análisis Voxel.

Findings to Leptomeningeal Metastases in Lung Cancer: A Case Report

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) is defined as diffuse or focal infiltration of malignant cells into the meninges that bathe the brain and spinal subarachnoid. All malignant tumors may cause LM; however, there are several tumor entities that are more frequently associated with leptomeningeal spread than others such as lung cancer, breast carcinoma, melanoma, and hematologic neoplasms as well as primary brain tumor. Here, we present a case of LM from a 53-year-old woman with lung tumor and show the importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of LM.

Sounding the Alarm: Government of the Republic of Namibia v LM and Women's Rights during Childbirth in South Africa

Government of the Republic of Namibia v LM [2014] NASC 19 (hereafter the LM case) concerns the involuntary sterilisation of women during childbirth. The Supreme Court of Namibia found that obtaining consent during the height of labour is inappropriate because labouring women lack the capacity to consent because of the intensity of their labour pains. This article recognises that the LM case may make its way into current litigation strategies against involuntary sterilisations in South Africa and for this reason I evaluate the soundness of the court's reasoning in the LM case. I argue that the court relied on the harmful gender stereotype that labouring women lack the capacity to make decisions, I expose this stereotype as baseless and demonstrate the harmful consequences of its perpetuation. Finally, I demonstrate why the reasoning in the LM case is particularly problematic in the South African context, and I conclude that the adoption of this sort of reasoning will result in many women facing serious injustices, because it strikes at the core of a woman's agency during childbirth.
 

A Constitutional Moment for the European Rule of Law - Upcoming Landmark Decisions Concerning the Polish Judiciary

Europe is set to witness a ‘constitutional moment’. At issue is whether illiberal democracies become part of the European public order as laid out in Article 2 TEU, or are opposed by it. In the first case, the conventional self-understanding of Europe can no longer be maintained because the European rule of law would accept what is happening at present in Poland, where the wilfull subversion of judicial independence is uprooting the separation of powers. In the second case, the European rule of law would be supplemented by ‘red lines’. This paper shows how European institutions should react, not least in the LM case.

Leptomeningeal metastasis from early glottic laryngeal cancer: A case report.

The present study reports the case of a 53-year-old man with leptomeningeal metastasis from early glottic laryngeal cancer. The patient had been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx 9 years previously. The current symptoms included a recurring headache that had persisted for 1 month and vomiting for 1 week. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head revealed multiple enhancing lesions in the brain and multiple line-like enhancements in the brain fold. Computed tomography scans of the head, neck, chest and abdomen showed no nodular lesions. Cytological examination of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) revealed malignant cells with a scattered distribution pattern. The patient received intra-CSF methotrexate chemotherapy concurrent with whole-brain radiotherapy, which relieved the neurological symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of cytologically-confirmed LM from early glottic laryngeal cancer.

The contribution of LM to the neuroscience of movement vision.

The significance of early and sporadic reports in the 19th century of impairments of motion vision following brain damage was largely unrecognized. In the absence of satisfactory post-mortem evidence, impairments were interpreted as the consequence of a more general disturbance resulting from brain damage, the location and extent of which was unknown. Moreover, evidence that movement constituted a special visual perception and may be selectively spared was similarly dismissed. Such skepticism derived from a reluctance to acknowledge that the neural substrates of visual perception may not be confined to primary visual cortex. This view did not persist. First, it was realized that visual movement perception does not depend simply on the analysis of spatial displacements and temporal intervals, but represents a specific visual movement sensation. Second persuasive evidence for functional specialization in extrastriate cortex, and notably the discovery of cortical area V5/MT, suggested a separate region specialized for motion processing. Shortly thereafter the remarkable case of patient LM was published, providing compelling evidence for a selective and specific loss of movement vision. The case is reviewed here, along with an assessment of its contribution to visual neuroscience.

Kinematic and dynamic axial computed tomography of the patello-femoral joint in patients with anterior knee pain.

Thirty-eight knees of 26 patients with anterior knee pain (12 bilateral) were included in the study. There were 22 women and 4 men, and their average age was 29 years. Axial computed tomography (CT) examination of both knees were done at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees of flexion with and without muscle contraction. Images were always taken at the mid-patellar level. Patellar tilt angle (PTA), congruence angle (CA) and sulcus angle (SA) were measured at each knee position. Normal values were also obtained from 14 healthy volunteers (28 knees). Thus, the types of patello-femoral incongruence were determined at each knee position: 1, tilt + lateralisation (TL: 12 knees); 2, lateralisation (L: 4 knees); 3, medialisation (M: 5 knees); 4, lateral to medial instability (LM: 1 knee); 5, tilt (T: 1 knee). Fifteen knees were classified as normal. When the groups were analysed separately, in the TL group the T or L component would have been missed in nine cases if the images were taken only at 30 degrees or only in the first 30 degrees of flexion. In the L group two patellae were reduced at 30 degrees. In three knees in the M group, medialisation began at 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees. One patella was reduced at 40 degrees. In the LM case, the patella was lateralised at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees and medialised at 30 degrees and 40 degrees. In the T case, the patella was tilted only at 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)