Livestock Waste Management Research Articles

Livestock waste management adoption among livestock farmers: A study in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia

Livestock waste management adoption among livestock farmers: A study in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia

Reducing Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Ammonia Emissions from Stored Pig Slurry Using Bacillus-Biological Additives and Aeration

This study delves into the innovative application of a novel bacterial and enzyme mixture alone or combined with aeration in mitigating emissions from pig slurry storage and explores their impacts on the methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from stored pig slurry. A dynamic chamber was used in this research to assess the efficacy of the treatments. Biological additives (HIPO-PURÍN) of specific microbial strains were tested (a mixture ofof Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefacien, and Bacillus thuringiensis) alone and combined with an aeration system (OXI-FUCH). Controlled experiments simulated storage conditions, where emissions of ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide were measured. By analyzing the results statistically, the treatment with HIPO-PURÍN demonstrated a significant reduction in CH4 emissions by 67% and CO2 emissions by 60% with the use of biological additives, which was increased to 99% and 87%, respectively, when combined with OXI-FUCH aeration, compared to untreated slurry. Ammonia emissions were substantially reduced by 90% with biological additives alone and by 76% when combined with aeration. The study was driven by the need to develop sustainable solutions for livestock waste management, particularly in reducing emissions from pig slurry. It introduces techniques that significantly lower greenhouse gases, aligning with circular economy goals and setting a new standard for sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, there is a need to validate that farmers can independently manage pig slurry using simple and effective treatments techniques with profound environmental benefits, encouraging broader adoption of climate-conscious practices.

Hyperthermophilic composting of livestock waste drastically reduces antimicrobial resistance

Composting is the most common method for managing livestock waste. However, it often fails to effectively eliminate antimicrobial resistance, resulting in potential antimicrobial resistance in livestock waste. Hence, a more effective livestock waste management strategy is warranted. The hyperthermophilic composting method uses recycled compost containing hyperthermophilic microbes to raise the compost temperature up to approximately 100 °C (compost temperature in normal composting: 50–70 °C). This study clarifies the effectiveness of hyperthermophilic composting method in attenuating antimicrobial resistance during livestock waste composting in both a composting simulator and on a field dairy farm. We analyzed bacterial abundance and community composition, performed PCR analysis, and evaluated the concentration of residual antimicrobials in the compost. Hyperthermophilic composting significantly reduced the abundance of culturable bacteria and Escherichia coli including that of antimicrobial-resistant culturable bacteria and E. coli in both the simulated and field dairy farms. The copy numbers of the tested antimicrobial resistance genes (tetA, tetB, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) decreased substantially. Residual antimicrobials (tetracyclines and β-lactams) were not detected in the field dairy farms, and network analysis showed that potential hosts of antimicrobial-resistance genes were eliminated. These results indicate that hyperthermophilic composting significantly reduces the abundance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial-resistance genes, and residual antimicrobials at low cost and easy operation while generating valuable agricultural resource as the final output.

A pilot-scale study on the in-situ remediation of acid mine drainage with supplemental of external nutrition: Performance, heavy metal removal and microbial community evolution

Acid mine drainage (AMD), a common environmental problem around the world, is characterized by low pH, high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfate. AMD treatment technology based on stimulating in-situ microorganisms has received widespread attention, but lack of organic matter is a limiting factor that restricts the remediation by heterotrophic microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this study, a pilot scale reactor was set up next to an acid reservoir to evaluate the effect of livestock wastes on the in-situ bioremediation of AMD, focusing on performance assessment, heavy metal removal efficacy, and the evolution of the microbial community. Results indicated that the pH of AMD rises rapidly from 3.23 to 4.11, and metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, and Zn) rapidly got removed in Stage I. However, AMD experienced significant stratification in Stage Ⅱ (biogas slurry supplemented). The pH of surface layer (0.5 m below the surface) gradually dropped to 3.67, and the bottom layer (2.3 m below the surface) remained around 4.1, and the metal removal efficiencies further improved. Microbial communities were dominated by Fe-OB and Fe-RB in surface layer, while SRB dominated in bottom layer. The addition of biogas slurry significantly increased the relative abundance of functional microbe in bioremediation. The growth of SRB in the bottom of the reactor made an important contribution to heavy metal removal. Heavy metals were mainly removed through the formation of insoluble hydroxide and sulfide precipitation and co-precipitation. This study innovatively integrates low-cost, locally sourced livestock waste as nutrient supplements into AMD bioremediation processes, and demonstrated the potential for integrating AMD treatment with livestock waste management, addressing both the nutrient needs for AMD processing and the challenge of livestock waste disposal. The findings contribute to the development of cost-effective and eco-friendly strategies for AMD management while advancing the understanding of microbial mechanisms of in-situ bioremediation.

Factors Determining Knowledge Acquisition in Livestock Waste Management Training Held by Animal Husbandry Training Centre at Songgoriti, Batu - Indonesia

Abstract The livestock industry plays a substantial role in the Indonesian economy as the industry provides a significant share of the country’s national income. The industry also engages labour in rural and sub-urban areas since traditional smallholder livestock dominates the industry in the country. One problem in the smallholder livestock is the inadequate capacity of farmers leading to mediocre livestock management, generating polluting waste and low income. A special training curriculum for smallholder farmers is expected to improve farmer capacity. Animal Husbandry Training Centre at Songgoriti regularly holds special training in waste management for smallholder livestock farmers. This study aimed to analyse the training outcome and factors influencing knowledge attainment resulting from the training. The training outcome was measured using incremental knowledge related to training subjects. Socio-demographic-economic characteristics of training participants were considered the determinants of training outcomes. The analysis employed a multiple regression model. Data were compiled from the training centre’s reports and documentation of training held in 2021 and 2022. The results show that the training outcome was apparent. Some participants showed good knowledge acquisition, and some others did not. The starting point of existing knowledge mattered. Some socio-demographic-economic characteristics significantly determined incremental knowledge acquisition. The study suggests training participants should be grouped based on the knowledge baseline. The advanced participants are separated from the usual ones whenever possible to reach high training outcomes.

Editorial: Sustainable agricultural and livestock waste management through composting

Editorial: Sustainable agricultural and livestock waste management through composting

Optimizing Sustainability: Pemula Peternak Puyuh dan Inovasi Kompos Limbah Organik sebagai Pemacu Pertanian Berkelanjutan

The involvement of young quail farmers is essential for understanding their role in adopting practices such as composting quail manure. The participants in this Community Service activity are the younger generation, specifically the children of quail farmers in Grinting Village. This approach aims to cultivate environmentally conscious and committed young quail farmers dedicated to sustainable farming practices. The Community Service method is divided into three components: (1) Providing Insight on the Importance of Quail Livestock Waste Management for Young Beginner Farmers, (2) Composting Practice with Quail Manure, and (3) Completing the Compost Understanding Questionnaire. During this Community Service activity, straightforward yet easily comprehensible discussion material was presented on the preparation of young quail farmers. Their practical involvement in quail farming needs enhancement to foster a more comprehensive understanding. The primary focus is on establishing a fundamental understanding of quail farming as an economic potential, with a particular emphasis on ethical responsibility regarding livestock waste management, encompassing both manure and feed residues. The severe consequences of ineffective waste management are elucidated, including the impact of pollution on water and air, as well as associated health risks and economic losses. Awareness of the importance of adhering to environmental regulations is emphasized for the sustainability and safety of livestock. Technical solutions, such as optimal cage design and composting, are recommended to achieve a clean environment and enhance livestock productivity. Active participation of prospective farmers in waste management practices and collaboration with fellow farmers are strongly encouraged. Additional resources, in the form of guides and visual materials, are provided to support the implementation of these concepts

Mapping and Monitoring of Satellite-based Livestock waste Management and Internet of Things in Livestock area in Bumiaji, Batu City

Mapping and Monitoring of Satellite-based Livestock waste Management and Internet of Things in Livestock area in Bumiaji, Batu City

Cytogenotoxicity of raw and treated dairy manure slurry by two-stage chemical and electrocoagulation: An application of the Allium cepa bioassay

Livestock farming is an essential agricultural practice. However, the improper management of livestock wastes and discharge of untreated or partially treated livestock manure slurry poses significant environmental problems. In this study, we aimed to compare the cytogenotoxic potential of untreated and treated dairy manure slurry treated with a two-stage chemical and electrocoagulation (EC) using the Allium cepa bioassay. The A. cepa bioassay is a well-established standard tool for assessing the cytogenotoxic effects of environmental contaminants, especially those that are occurred as complex contaminant mixtures. The dairy manure slurry was subjected to chemical treatment utilizing polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) at optimized conditions, followed by EC utilizing either aluminum (Al) or steel anodes. The treated and untreated samples were then evaluated for their potential cytogenotoxicty using the A. cepa bioassay, by measuring the nuclear abnormalities (NAs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), along with the mitotic indices (MIs). Our findings revealed a significant reduction in cytogenotoxic indicators in the treated liquid fraction compared to the untreated dairy manure slurry. Specifically, the frequency of total NAs showed a significant reduction from 154 ‰ to 37 ‰ when the dairy manure slurry was treated with chemical coagulation followed by EC utilizing an Al anode. Moreover, the MI exhibited a significant improvement from 7 ‰ to 123 ‰, suggesting the mitigation of toxic effects. These results collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-stage chemical and EC treatment under optimal conditions in treating diary manure slurry while reducing its cytogenotoxicity for living systems. The A. cepa bioassay proved to be a sensitive and reliable method for assessing the toxicity of the treated samples. The efficient solid–liquid separation and the reduction of toxicity in the liquid fraction for biological systems achieved through this treatment process highlight its potential for sustainable management of livestock waste and the preservation of water quality. Nevertheless, further studies are required to assess the toxicity of solid fraction.

Livestock waste management for energy recovery in Brazil: a life cycle assessment approach.

Livestock farming has exerted intense environmental pressure on our planet. The high emissions to the environment and the high demands of resources for the production process have encouraged the search for decarbonization and circularity in the livestock sector. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the environmental performance of two different uses for biogas generated in the anaerobic digestion of animal waste, either for electricity generation or biomethane. For this purpose, a life cycle assessment approach was applied to evaluate the potential of anaerobic digestion as a management technology for three different livestock wastes, related to beef cattle, dairy, and sheep in the Brazilian animal production context. The results suggest that the treatment scenarios focusing on biomethane generation were able to mitigate the highest percentage of damages (77 to 108%) in the global warming category when compared to the scenarios without the use of anaerobic digestion (3.00·102 to 3.71·103 kgCO2 eq) or in the perspective of electricity generation (mitigation of 74 to 96%). In terms of freshwater eutrophication, the generation of electricity (- 2.17·10-2 to 2.31·10-3 kg P eq) is more favorable than the purification of biogas to biomethane (- 1.73·10-2 to 2.44·10-3 kg P eq), due to the loss of methane in the upgrading process. In terms of terrestrial ecotoxicity, all scenarios are very similar, with negative values (- 1.19·101 to - 7.17·102 kg 1,4-DCB) due to the benefit of nutrient recovery, especially nitrogen, associated with the use of digestate as fertilizer, which was one of the critical points in all scenarios. Based on these results, it is evident that proper management of all stages of the treatment life cycle is the key to decarbonization and circularity in livestock waste management. The biogas use does not present different effects on the environmental performance of the scenarios studied, demonstrating that the purpose should be chosen according to the needs of each plant or management system.

Study of the variation law of the airflow resistance and related physical parameters of the pile throughout compost process with cattle manure

Composting is widely adopted in livestock waste management, and the ventilation system control is essential for composting efficiency. For ventilation system, the airflow resistance is a major factor influencing the ventilation intensity and oxygen supply capacity. This study explored the variation law of airflow resistance, bulk density, specific gravity, particle size and total pressure throughout composting with cattle manure. The airflow resistance was calculated with Ergun equation, and contribution coefficients of different components were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that the viscous airflow resistance was dominant throughout cattle manure composting. The average airflow resistance was 0.146 Pa/m, and resistance of pile at lower layer was higher than that at the upper layer by 18.1 %. For contribution coefficient affecting airflow resistance, the ranks were bulk density, average particle size and specific gravity. During composting process, the average airflow resistance decreased by 40.1 % and the total pressure reduced by 3.47 %. All parameters had the greatest variation at thermophilic phase, which accounted for more than 60 % of the total variation amplitude. Meanwhile, less than 10 % of the total pressure was used to overcome the airflow resistance. Therefore, reducing bulk density of pile should be considered preferentially to decrease the airflow resistance. During cattle manure composting process, the total pressure of ventilation system ought to be adjusted with the aerobic reaction to a lower level, especially at thermophilic phase with the most rapid descent rate. This study can provide support for reducing the energy consumption required for ventilation of composting.

Environmentally Friendly Livestock Waste Management in High-Population Areas in Karang Ploso Malang Regency East Java

Purpose: This abstract explores the need for integrated development in the agricultural and livestock sectors of Ngenep Village, Karangploso, Malang Regency, focusing on utilizing livestock waste effectively.
 Method: The study details the steps to develop a system for producing organic fertilizer and animal feed from agricultural and livestock waste. It highlights the successful implementation within the "Langgeng Mulya" dairy cattle farming community, emphasizing the utilization of waste for organic fertilizer in chili and tomato cultivation.
 Practical Applications: The research findings showcase the positive response of local farmers to the utilization of livestock waste, addressing the scarcity of organic fertilizer, particularly for tomato and chili growers. This sustainable approach fosters self-sufficiency and offers insights into waste-to-resource strategies.
 Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of integrating the agricultural and livestock sectors for sustainable waste management and resource utilization. It provides valuable lessons for enhancing the efficiency of rural development programs.

Production of Eudrilus eugenia and Compost From Breeding Manure (Cattle, Cavies, Rabbits, And Poultry) In South Of Côte D’ivoire

Developing countries must, in order to support agriculture, integrate available natural resources and promote management of livestock waste. Therefore, the potential of earthworms to decompose organic waste must be exploit : vermicomposting. Thus earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae was cultured in 4 simples treatments and 6 mixed manure treatments. These treatments are combination or not of manure of cattle, cavies, rabbit and poultry. Each treatment has undergone 3 repetitions. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. pH, numerical productivity of E. eugeniae and biomass of E. eugenia have been determined. The results showed that all treatments containing rabbit manure have a final pH close to 7 (neutral pH) with the exception of MG +MR treatment. Those based on poultry or guinea-pig manure and the control range between 5 and 6.5 and are therefore more acidic. The average density and the earthworm biomass of the MC + MR treatment respectively 2889 ± 333 ind./ m2 and 397.22 ± 234.44 g / m2 are different from other treatments. the manure mixture is a privileged environment for Eudrilus eugeniae. It provides a significant biomass of earthworms that can be used in fish farming or in the diet of monogastric animal feed.
 

Groundwater Pollution by Nitrate Nitrogen and Livestock Waste Management

Groundwater Pollution by Nitrate Nitrogen and Livestock Waste Management

PRODUKSI TRICHOKOMPOS DARI KOTORAN SAPI

The majority of the people of Bangket Parak Village still rely on the agricultural and animal husbandry sectors as a source of economic resilience. The current constraint in the agricultural sector is the availability of fertilizers, while in the livestock sector is the management of livestock waste. To overcome these two problems, the management of livestock waste as trichocompost fertilizer can be an alternative solution. The purpose of this activity is to provide education and skills to the community in making trichocompost fertilizer with livestock manure waste. The activity method consists of surveys, socialization activities, and demonstrations as well as assistance in making trichocompost fertilizer. In this socialization activity there are three stages including preparation, implementation, and reporting. This socialization activity began with a video screening. The activity continued with the presentation of socialization material. After that, demonstrations and assistance were carried out on how to make trichocompost fertilizer from utilizing livestock manure with the help of Trichoderma sp. The activity ended with the delivery of fertilizers to continue the fermentation process and the distribution of plant seeds to the participants. All participants who attended were very enthusiastic about following and listening to the entire series of events. It is hoped that through this activity, the community will gain new understanding and useful skills in overcoming the problems that are currently occurring.

Livestock waste management to improve community knowledge in the cow farming groups

The Wong Cilik Animal Husbandry Group is still struggling with traditional waste treatment, which pollutes the air and soil. The goal of indoctrination is to educate and encourage livestock farmer groups to be proactive in controlling, overcoming, and making decisions regarding cow manure waste. Furthermore, this activity aims to strengthen the Wong Cilik Farm Community Group's capacity to use cow manure through teaching and encouragement. Several experts from the fields of machinery, agriculture, and psychology participated in this activity. Participants were given a pre-test and a post-test before and after socialization. The results of the pre-test and post-test indicated that the activity’s objectives of increasing the community’s knowledge about livestock waste management were met. The community is finally aware that livestock manure can be used to convert the residual biogas waste into manure. Through this socialization, the community learns that cow manure waste can be turned into products with high value.

Circular Economy Concept at the Micro-Level: A Case Study of Taruna Mukti Farmer Group, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia

The concept of a circular economy can be utilized in the process of starting a dairy cattle enterprise. A circular economy is not only a chance to lessen the amount of waste produced by dairy farms and cut down on the amount of pollution that is released into the environment, but also an attempt to maximize the number of advantages that are shared between the economy and the environment. A circular economy can be implemented at any level, from the micro-level (businesses and customers) to the meso-level (eco-industrial zones), and all the way up to the macro-level (city, province, or country). The identification of circular economy practices is possible through the use of Circular Performance Indicators (CPIs). The purpose of this research is to identify circular economy practices based on CPIs at the micro-level, with a focus on the Taruna Mukti Farmer Group in the Bandung Regency of West Java, Indonesia. Based on our research, it is found that the identified CPIs achieve an average score of 2.57, with an achievement level value of 85.5% (very good). The results of the MICMAC analysis show that the key indicator in the CPIs of livestock waste management in the Taruna Mukti Farmer Group is additional income/income from the processing of livestock waste (C1). There is a relationship between the management of livestock waste in the Taruna Mukti Farmer Group and the circular economy concept based on Circular Performance Indicators. Farmers see the aspect of economic profit (economic motive) as important in the management of livestock waste. Marketing and sales strategies will have a big influence on the system of converting livestock waste into organic fertilizer. The higher the sales volume, the higher the level of profit.

Dynamic System Modeling and Sustainability Strategies for Circular Economy-Based Dairy Cow Waste Management

Dairy farming activities produce waste that can have a negative impact on the environment. The processing of livestock waste will reduce pollution and support environmental conservation programs that are currently being intensified by the West Java Provincial Government, Indonesia. An economic approach that can minimize waste and maximize resources is the circular economy (CE) approach. CE can occur at the macro-, meso-, or microlevels. The application of micro-scale CE can be carried out in a business activity. One of the micro business groups that have implemented the CE concept in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, is the Taruna Mukti Farmer Group, which is located in the Citarum River sub-basin area. From 2008 to 2022, this group processed 49,580 tons of cow dung into organic fertilizer. However, there has been a decline in livestock waste processing, where production reduced from 3700 tons in 2018 to 1280 tons in 2021, then to only 500 tons in 2022. Therefore, this study aims to design a sustainable strategy for livestock waste management based on CE in the Taruna Mukti Farmer Group. The method used is in-depth interviews with the Drivers, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) approach. In addition, this study will also describe the CE model in the management of dairy cattle waste. Key Informants come from the Farmer Group and related stakeholders. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the dairy cattle waste management model in the Taruna Mukti Farmer Group is a form of implementing the CE concept with a circular flow of material and involving various stakeholders and an extensive marketing network. With the current conditions, the simulation results of processing livestock waste into organic fertilizer show a decline/unsustainability. To support the sustainability of livestock waste management, a response is needed in the form of strengthening the internal management of the Farmer Group’s organization, regular assistance and supervision from the local government and non-government organizations, and guidance regarding the marketing of organic fertilizers and ease of access to markets.

Pendampingan Pengolahan Pupuk Organik Limbah Ternak Sapi di Kelompok Ternak Surowani

ABSTRACTTiyaran, Bulu, Sukoharjo Regency has potential in the agricultural and livestock sectors. One of the service partners is the Surowani who has problems with livestock waste management. The purpose of the service activities carried out by the PPK Ormawa team of Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara is to improve the skills of partners in managing livestock waste.. This activity was carried out in several stages, namely mentoring and approaches in the form of discussions, counseling, demonstrations and direct practice related to the manufacture of organic fertilizer from cow dung waste. The results of the service activities concluded that public knowledge about cattle waste treatment increased up to 90%, and the ability to practice composting from cattle waste reached 80%. Keywords: cattle waste, compost, community service, organic fertilizer

Livestock waste management practices to strengthen the farm profitability

“Livestock waste” means livestock manure, unconsumed feed and associated bedding materials or litter and animal carcasses from normal mortalities of livestock on a farm. Waste management includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. Livestock wastes if not manage properly it may lead to fecal contamination of waters receiving agricultural runoff. The danger to humans lies in the possibility of these fecal organisms entering water and food supplies. Groundwater and surface waters may harbor pathogens originating from animal fecal deposits. Animal waste contains many beneficial constituents that if recycled effectively, can be used as fertilizer for crops, fodder for animals and to produce energy. There are a number of methods of livestock waste management to enhance farm profitability. Which are composting, biogas production, rotator drum composting, vermicomposting, biodynamic fertilizer etc. Composting is an accelerated bio-oxidation of organic matter passing through a thermophilic stage, where microorganisms liberate heat, carbon dioxide and water. Biogas is clean environment friendly fuel that can be obtained by anaerobic digestion of animal residues and domestic and farm wastes, abundantly available in the countryside. Biogas is bacterial conversion of organic matter in to gases under anaerobic conditions. The earthworm eats the organic matter and excretes little pelleted material called “vermicompost”. During vermicomposting, the important plant nutrients, such as N, P, K, and Ca present in the organic waste are released and converted into forms that are more soluble and available to the plants. Among all advance methods biogas production and vermicomposting are most common in India. Livestock waste contains significant amounts of micro-organisms which make it a source of major risk to the public. Risks of nutrients, organic material and pathogens containing water bodies and food products are common with increased livestock waste spread.