Livestock Manure Management Research Articles

Methodological study on carbon sequestration accounting for emission reductions from the whole-chain utilization of livestock and poultry manure

Effective livestock manure management is crucial for carbon neutrality. Scientific accounting methods and integrated management strategies can help guide reductions in carbon emissions and promote green development. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by livestock manure, this study analyzed current accounting systems and focused on the complete chain of “collection-treatment-storage-use-returning” of manure based on the theoretical framework of greenhouse gas emissions accounting in the IPCC 2019 Guidelines. Combined with a life cycle assessment, the accounting list and boundaries were clarified, and the whole chain of livestock and poultry manure greenhouse gas accounting methodology system was proposed. Using swine breeding as a case study, this study evaluated the carbon emission reduction and sequestration effect of the whole manure chain using a typical technology model and a typical technological framework. It predicted the carbon reduction potential and sequestration benefits of utilizing swine manure in 2025 and 2030 in four scenarios. The findings indicated that the greenhouse gas emission factor of the whole chain of the six typical swine manure utilization modes in China was −48.82–40.54 kgCO2et−1. In 2022, the net greenhouse gas emissions from swine manure in China totaled approximately 2.0 × 107 tCO2e, with manure resource utilization reducing emissions by 3.2 × 107 tCO2e. Our projections suggest that emissions from swine manure in China may range from −1.8 × 107 to 1.3 × 107 tCO2e by 2025 and from −3.1 × 107 to 4.5 × 106 tCO2e by 2030. This can help guide optimal greenhouse gas emission reduction pathways for livestock and poultry farming and aid in the formulation of policies.

Variation and Spatial Distribution of Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Iran: An Evaluation and Location Analysis

Variation and Spatial Distribution of Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Iran: An Evaluation and Location Analysis

Forecasting China's agricultural carbon emissions: A comparative study based on deep learning models

Given the critical urgency to combat the escalating climate crisis and the continuous rise in agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) in China, accurately forecasting their future trends is crucial. This research employs the emission factor method to assess ACE throughout mainland China from 1993 to 2021. To refine our forecasting approach, both statistical and neural network methodologies were utilized to pinpoint key factors influencing ACE. We crafted forecasting models incorporating both deep learning techniques and traditional methods. Notably, the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Bayesian Optimization (TPEBO) algorithm was applied to optimize Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, culminating in the creation of a superior integrated TPEBO-LSTM model that demonstrated strong performance across various datasets. The forecasting outcomes suggest that ACE in 24 provinces are expected to reach their zenith before 2030, primarily driven by farm operations, as well as livestock and poultry manure management. The result provides a significant forecasting tool for assessing agricultural carbon emissions in different regions, offering insights crucial for targeted mitigation strategies.

Organic or Non-organic Agriculture: Comparison of Organic and Conventional Farming Sustainability

Reduction of the level of greenhouse gas emissions from sector of agriculture are one of the serious issues across European Union. The dairy industry is responsible for generating a significant amount of emissions from enteric fermentation, manure and long-term storage. The amount of emissions produced depends highly on factors such as livestock feeding and manure management systems, feed intensity and quality. Farms that have high milk yield also produce more liquid manure, leading to an increase in overall emissions from manure management.Organic farming has been valued as one of the most suitable solutions to conventional agriculture for the achievement of climate goals. Organic farming can be described as a farming approach based on prevention, ecological processes, and the restriction of pesticides. Restricting pests and lower yields can have a negative impact on production costs and revenues. However, organic farming has lower operating costs and higher product costs, which can increase overall incomes.The research aims to evaluate the environmental, economic and social dimensions of conventional and organic farming, comparing were comparing on their integral environmental, economic and social sustainability. The core element for the sustainability assessment is the construction of the composite sustainability index using data for scientific literature, reports and statistics.

Assessing ammonium pollution and mitigation measures through a modified watershed non-point source model

Watershed water quality modeling is a valuable tool for managing ammonium (NH4+) pollution. However, simulating NH4+ pollution presents unique challenges due to the inherent instability of NH4+ in natural environment. This study modified the widely-used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate non-point source (NPS) NH4+ processes, specifically incorporating the simulation of land-to-water NH4+ delivery. The Jiulong River Watershed (JRW) is the study area, a coastal watershed in Southeast China with substantial sewage discharge, livestock farming, and fertilizer application. The results demonstrate that the modified model can effectively simulate the NPS NH4+ processes. It is recommended to use multiple sets of observations to calibrate NH4+ simulation to enhance model reliability. Despite constituting a minor proportion (5.6 %), point source inputs significantly contribute to NH4+ load at watershed outlet (32.4∼51.9 %), while NPS inputs contribute 15.3∼17.3 % of NH4+ loads. NH4+ primarily enters water through surface runoff and lateral flow, with negligible leaching. Average NH4+ land-to-water delivery rate is about 2.35 to 2.90 kg N/ha/a. High delivery rates mainly occur at agricultural areas. Notably, proposed NH4+ mitigation measures, including urban sewage treatment enhancement, livestock manure management improvement, and fertilizer application reduction, demonstrate potential to collectively reduce the NH4+ load at watershed outlet by 1/4 to 1/3 and significantly enhance water quality standard compliance frequency. Insights gained from modeling experience in the JRW offer valuable implications for NH4+ modeling and management in regions with similar climates and significant anthropogenic nitrogen inputs.

The Emission Characteristics of Greenhouse Gases from Animal Husbandry in Shandong Province Based on Life Cycle Assessment

Life cycle assessment was used to study the following six major stages of animal husbandry: feed grain planting, feed grain transportation and processing, livestock and poultry breeding, livestock and poultry gastrointestinal fermentation, manure management, and livestock and poultry product slaughter and processing. The greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry in Shandong Province were quantified for the entire 20-year period spanning from 2002 to 2021. This study also analyzed the emission patterns and characteristics associated with this life cycle assessment. The results show that over the past 20 years, the greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry in Shandong Province increased continuously, the greenhouse gas emission intensity decreased continuously, and both of these trends tended to be stable. From a life cycle standpoint, the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions were gastrointestinal fermentation and the management of livestock and poultry manure. In terms of the structure of livestock and poultry breeding, poultry was the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions. The emission characteristics of the greenhouse gases produced by animal husbandry varied among different cities in Shandong Province. The main source of greenhouse gas discharged due to animal husbandry in Zibo and Binzhou was Ecattle; in Dongying, it was Esheep; and in the remaining cities, it was mainly Epoultry.

Change of core microorganisms and nitrogen conversion pathways in chicken manure composts by different substrates to reduce nitrogen losses.

Due to the rapid development of animal husbandry, the associated environmental problems cannot be ignored, with the management of livestock and poultry manure emerging as the most prominent issue. Composting technology has been widely used in livestock and poultry manure management. A deeper understanding of the nitrogen conversion process during composting offers a theoretical foundation for selecting compost substrates. In this study, the effects of sawdust (CK) and spent mushroom compost (T1) as auxiliary materials on nitrogen as well as microbial structure in the composting process when composted with chicken manure were investigated. At the end of composting, the nitrogen loss of T1 was reduced by 17.18% relative to CK. When used as a compost substrate, spent mushroom compost accelerates the succession of microbial communities within the compost pile and alters the core microbial communities within the microbial community. Bacterial genera capable of cellulose degradation (Fibrobacter, Herbinix) are new core microorganisms that influence the assimilation of nitrate reduction during compost maturation. Using spent mushroom compost as a composting substrate increased the enzyme activity of nitrogen assimilation while decreasing the enzyme activity of the denitrification pathway.

A Review on the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Livestock Manures in the Context of Sustainable Waste Management

As the worldwide demand for meat per person is continuously increasing, there is a corresponding rise in the number of livestock animals, leading to an increase in livestock manure. Selecting appropriate treatment technologies for livestock manures is still a complex task and considerable debates over this issue persist. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of the manure treatment framework, this review was undertaken to assess the most utilized manure management technologies and underscore their respective challenges. Anaerobic digestion has become a commercial reality for treating livestock manures. However, the mono-digestion of single substrates comes with certain drawbacks associated with manure characteristics. Anaerobic co-digestion, involving the utilization of multiple feedstocks, holds the potential to overcome these limitations. Extensive research and development have underscored numerous intrinsic benefits of co-digestion. These include improved digestibility resulting from the synergistic effects of co-substrates and enhanced process stability. This review underscores the limitations associated with the mono-digestion of livestock manures and critically evaluates the advantages of their co-digestion with carbon-rich substrates. Additionally, this review delves into key livestock manure management practices globally, emphasizing the significance of co-digesting livestock manures while addressing the progress and challenges in this field.

Emerging technology effects on combined agricultural and eco-vermicompost

This study focused on the waste management of livestock manure and wetland plant residues and their increasing effect on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The benefits of nutrient-rich plants and manures are often overlooked. By conducting a soil column experiment with a fully factorial design, this work found that adding the vermicompost amendments of wetland plants [combination of Canna indica (CiV), Cyperus alternifollius (CaV), Acorus calamus (AcV), and Hydrocotyle vulgaris (HvV) vermicompost] to agricultural wastes affected maize growth throughout its growing season. The results demonstrated that the use of combined AcV and HvV wetland plant-based vermicompost as an organic fertilizer increased the plant total nitrogen (TN: 92% increase) and soil organic matter (SOM: 192% increase) compared with those in control CK. Meanwhile, the combination of CaV with HvV increased the shoot biomass by 3.4 and 4.6 folds compared with that in NPK and CK, respectively. Overall, a new approach for transforming ecological wastes into organic fertilizers was proposed.

Estimation of Manure Emissions Issued from Different Chinese Livestock Species: Potential of Future Production

In this study, mathematical models are used to estimate the emissions of livestock excreta (LE) generated by China’s livestock industry more accurately. Also, the spatial relationship between provinces is analyzed. LE emissions are predicted for the next decade through appropriate parameters and non-parametric models. Additionally, a literature review is conducted to propose two hypotheses. As revealed by the research, there are four stages that LE emissions experience over time. From 2017 to 2021, LE emissions showed a trend of steady increase, suggesting a stronger awareness of the issue and the enforcement of more measures related to management and emission reduction. According to the results of a spatial analysis, there was no significant positive or negative correlation present between LE emissions in different provinces of China. In the selection of the prediction model, the BP-RE model achieved the best predictive performance. According to the prediction results, the fresh weight emissions from China’s livestock industry will increase by 24.53% by 2031, while dry weight emissions will decrease by 28.06%. Large-scale aquaculture farms show an upward trend, with fresh weight and dry weight emissions rising by 11.16% and 2.05%, respectively. Therefore, in light of this study’s findings, it is crucial for China to pursue additional measures in reducing LE emissions, despite the implementation of existing management policies. These insights can inform the development of livestock and poultry manure management policies and resource utilization strategies for the coming decade.

Sustainable agricultural management: How to achieve carbon neutrality in agriculture – evidence from China agricultural sustainable development plan

AbstractAgricultural sustainable development is of significant importance for achieving food security, environmental protection, climate change adaptation, natural resource conservation, and economic development. We conducted a study using the 2015 China Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (ASDP) as a natural experiment and employed the Difference‐in‐Differences (DID) model to estimate the impact of ASDP on agricultural carbon neutrality. Path analysis and heterogeneity analysis were also performed. The results of this study are as follows: First, ASDP promotes agricultural carbon neutrality. Second, increasing per capita agricultural machinery usage, agricultural labor efficiency, livestock manure management, wastewater and waste treatment capacity, toilet coverage rate, greening efforts, and reducing pesticide usage are potential pathways of ASDP. Third, the analysis of carbon emission types indicates that current ASDP mainly focuses on carbon emissions from traditional agricultural practices, with limited impact on carbon emissions associated with modern agricultural activities, such as diesel fuel and pesticides. Lastly, the heterogeneity analysis of agricultural regions demonstrates that ASDP has a more positive impact on grain, oil, fruit and vegetable low‐producing areas, cotton high‐producing areas, and poultry, meat, eggs and milk aquaculture high‐producing areas. This study estimates the carbon reduction effect of ASDP and provides new policy recommendations and reform directions for agricultural sustainable development in China and other developing countries.

Response of soil antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities to fresh cattle manure and organic fertilizer application

Livestock manure use in agriculture contributes to pollutants like antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria. This practice could potentially facilitate ARGs development in soil ecosystems. Our study aimed to explore ARGs and bacterial communities in cattle manure from Ningxia beef cattle farms with varying breeding periods. We also assessed the impact of different application rates of cattle manure compost, created by mixing manure with different growing periods, on soil's physicochemical and heavy metal properties. High-throughput PCR and sequencing were used to analyze ARGs and bacterial communities. We aimed to understand ARGs dynamics in cattle manure during breeding stages and the impact of different fertilizer application rates on soil bacteria and resistance genes. We found 212 ARGs from cattle manure, spanning tetracycline, aminoglycoside, multidrug, and MLSB categories. Relative ARGs abundance was presented across breeding stages: lactation (C1), breeding (C3), pre-fattening (C4), calving (C2), and late fattening (C5). pH, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) presence significantly impacted ARGs quantity and microbial community structure in manure. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the primary factor altering ARGs in manure (65.56%). Heavy metals contributed to 18.60% of ARGs changes. Manure application changed soil ARGs abundance, notably in soils with high application rates, primarily associated with aminoglycoside, multidrug and sulfonamide resistance. Soils with higher manure rates had elevated MGEs, positively correlated with most ARGs, suggesting MGEs' role in ARGs dissemination. Soil microbial community structure was influenced by fertilization, particularly with the highest application rate. Heavy metals (specifically Cd, contributing to 23.12%), microbial community changes (17.42%), and MGEs (17.38%) were the main factors affecting soil antibiotic resistance. Our study establishes a framework for understanding ARGs emergence in manure and treated soils. This informs strategies to mitigate environmental ARGs transmission and guides diverse livestock manure application and management.

A thematic review on livestock manure treatment strategies focusing on thermochemical conversion.

Livestock manure (LSM) management is emerging as a challenge due to increasing livestock consumption. Owing to the decreased agricultural land area, it is necessary to ensure LSM utilization in non-agricultural fields. LSM can be a valuable resource if managed as a circulating resource. This study discusses research trends based on a literature review and classifies LSM treatments. The analysis of each treatment is presented according to research trends, and implications for the future LSM processing are discussed. "Biological treatment" accounted for the largest portion at 48%, "manure management," which suggests improvement in manure treatment through systematic thinking or LSM management practices, accounted for 16%, and "thermochemical conversion" accounted for 11%. In addition, "life cycle assessment (LCA) research," "solid-liquid separation approach," and "nutrient-recovery/losses" were derived. Studies on biological treatments are increasing. Although anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most used method, it has the disadvantages of long processing time and waste generation after processing. As a key supplement, thermochemical conversion (TCC) technology, which could overcome the disadvantages of AD, was reviewed.

A study on analyzing the image influence factor of ‘centralized livestock manure management project’

A study on analyzing the image influence factor of ‘centralized livestock manure management project’

Spatial patterns in pollution discharges from livestock and poultry farm and the linkage between manure nutrients load and the carrying capacity of croplands in China

The rapid development of livestock and poultry farming in China has resulted in an increasing threat of water pollution. In particular, mitigating livestock-related pollutant discharges is a key issue for environmental sustainability, especially for inland surface water bodies. In order to ensure the effective control of pollution and the efficient utilization management of livestock manure, spatially explicit surveys of pollutant generation and discharge from the livestock sector must be performed. In the present study, we estimated the grid cell-level distributions in the generation and discharge of four typical pollutants (chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) from the livestock sector across the country with a spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds. The distributions were estimated using the most recent pollution source census data and multi-sourced ancillary materials by a dasymetric mapping approach. We further investigated the feasibility of the resource utilization of livestock manure by comparing manure-source nutrients with the carrying capacity of adjacent croplands. Our results show that low-intensive farming generated and discharged the majority of livestock farming pollution, with other cattle and pigs breeding identified as the two major sources of pollution from the livestock sector. Southwest, Central and East China suffered the highly densified pollutants generation and discharges. Furthermore, cropland exceeding its carrying capacity was concentrated in these regions. Our findings provide additional insights into livestock and poultry farming in the context of relocation, strengthening regulation, transforming breeding operations, and rationalizing the resource use of manure, all of which are important measures for the sustainable development of both agriculture and the environment.

85. Calculator of the cost of reducing direct greenhouse gas emissions by changing the management of livestock manure

85. Calculator of the cost of reducing direct greenhouse gas emissions by changing the management of livestock manure

Effectiveness Of Productive Zakat Management In Livestock Business Development: Study on Mustahik in Rukti Endah, Central Lampung


 
 
 
 Purpose: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of productive zakat management in the development of the mustahik livestock business. Methodology: The type of research conducted is field research, namely research conducted at research locations. The nature of this research is descriptive qualitative, namely a method used to answer research problems originating from interviews, observations, and excavation of documentation. The source of data consists of primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation with Central Lampung BAZNAS management, the Head of the Animal Husbandry Center, and the Head of the livestock group, Muzaki, and Mustahik. Findings: Based on this research, the allocation of productive zakat funds was carried out in four villages from 1 sub-district which were divided into 4 groups of 45 people. This effectiveness is inseparable from the intervention of BAZNAS in implementing the planned procedures from planning to supervision. Mustahik was given livestock business capital in the form of 5 heads, consisting of 1 female goat and 4 male goats of the Boer type, of which 3 male goats will be exchanged for female goats. In addition, livestock manure management is also used for fertilizer and holding organic farms to make it easier for farmers to find feed.
 
 
 

Carbon Emission Reduction Potential and Economic Valuation of Biogas at Cengkir Gading Edufarm in Boyolali

Cengkir Gading Edufarm is a cattle breeding center for livestock education and manure management purposes that focuses on creating green renewable energy. The program is supported by CSR schemes carried out by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga DPPU Adi Sumarmo. The study objective is to assess the effectiveness of biogas digester construction in Cengkir Gading in reducing carbon emissions and evaluate the reduction cost in energy used. The result showed that the digester unit could help convert cattle dung waste by installing a 30 cubic sized WWTP into biogas, the amount of cow manure being accommodated as much as ± 20 kg/day (10 kg for 2 cattle). Reduction of GHG from livestock activities by 0.0162 CO2-eq Gg/year and LPG fuel by 45.377 CO2-eq Kg/year. The potential of electrical energy converted from biogas is 6.16 kWh/day, which produces a power of 0.65 kW. This digester produces 0.8 m3 biogas/day that can be converted into heat energy of 8658 kcal/day, so it potentially saved 0.19 kg/day of LPG consumption, reduced costs for purchasing LPG gas of 1,140 IDR/day or 34,200 IDR/month, it also saves the cost of paying for electricity 249,849 IDR/ month for a 900 VA.

Influence of key factors on ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land-applied manure

Ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from livestock manure management have a significant impact on air quality and climate change. There is an increasing urgency to improve our understanding of drivers influencing these emissions. We analysed the DATAMAN (“DATAbase for MANaging greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions factors”) database to identify key factors influencing (i) NH3 emission factors (EFs) for cattle and swine manure applied to land and (ii) N2O EFs for cattle and swine manure applied to land, and (iii) cattle urine, dung and sheep urine deposited during grazing. Slurry dry matter (DM) content, total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) concentration and method of application were significant drivers of NH3 EFs from cattle and swine slurry. Mixed effect models explained 14–59 % of the variance in NH3 EFs. Apart from the method of application, the significant influence of manure DM, manure TAN concentration or pH on NH3 EFs suggests mitigation strategies should focus on these. Identifying key factors influencing N2O EFs from manures and livestock grazing was more challenging, likely because of the complexities associated with microbial processes and soil physical properties impacting N2O production and emissions. Generally, significant factors were soil-related e.g. soil water content, pH, clay content, suggesting mitigations may need to consider the conditions of the receiving environment for manure spreading and grazing deposition. Total variability explained by terms in mixed effect model was on average 66 %, with the random effect ‘experiment identification number’ explaining, on average, 41 % of the total variability in the models. We suspect this term captured the effect of non-measured manure, soil and climate factors and any biases in application and measurement technique effects associated with individual experiments. This analysis has helped to improve our understanding of key factors of NH3 and N2O EFs for inclusion within models. With more studies over time, insights into the underlying processes influencing emissions will be further improved.

Impacts of EDTA on the fate of nutrients and heavy metals during the hydrothermal carbonization of poultry manure

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has demonstrated high potential for livestock manure management. However, reducing the potential risk of residual heavy metals is still challenging. In this study, poultry manure (PM) was hydrothermally carbonized to investigate the impacts of HTC temperature and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the evolution of nutrients (i.e., N, P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg), heavy metals (Cu and Zn), and the properties of hydrochars and process water through HTC. Results indicated that HTC temperature was a critical factor that regulated hydrochar and process water properties and the fates of nutrients and heavy metals, while EDTA mainly affected metal distribution through HTC. A high proportion of C, N, and P was reclaimed in the solid phases, making hydrochar an optimal organic fertilizer with high fertility (N + K2O +P2O5 > 5%). However, N and P in hydrochars were low in availabilities. Through HTC, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn were concentrated in hydrochars, but Na and K were mainly distributed in the process water. A rising HTC temperature elevated the proportion of Zn in hydrochars, while it had limited impacts on Na, K, and Ca distribution. By comparison, EDTA facilitated the release of Cu, Mg, and Zn into the process water. Furthermore, EDTA involvement reduced the potential risk of Cu and Zn in hydrochars. Our findings highlighted the sound impacts of EDTA on risk reduction and nutrient recovery from livestock manure through HTC, and would provide references for livestock manure management for sustainable agriculture.