Currently, Indonesia’s population reaches 261 million people is the fourth largest country in terms of population. The current average meat consumption of 2.72 kg/capita/year is projected to continue to increase due to the growing population, income, and animal protein consumption. The increasing demand for meat has not been matched by domestic beef production, the supply of which is less than 60% of the national demand for beef, and the gap between beef supply and demand is increasing. To fulfill the demand for meat, the Indonesian Government has been importing meat and live feeder and slaughter cattle and some breeding stock. To encourage an increase in population and genetic quality of livestock in Indonesia, LIPI collaborates with PT. KAR create a model of beef cattle breeding industry in Indonesia and has been implemented in the private beef cattle industry. The collaboration focus on increasing population and genetic improvement of Indonesian cattle especially in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The regulations for feedlot companies to import feeder cattle and female breeding stock at a ratio of 5:1 within every period of feedlot creates difficulties for feedlot companies due to a shortage of resources including capital and land. Control of female breeding cattle which are slaughtered, breeding and reproductive technologies, feeding strategies, integrated cattle farming system and developing inclusive business models are among the issues that could be considered to improve domestic beef production and develop cattle business in Indonesia.