IntroductionThe Newborn Life Support (NLS) guideline aims to provide healthcare professionals a consistent approach during neonatal resuscitation. Adherence to this and analogous guidelines has repetitively been proven to be difficult.This study evaluates adherence to guideline using a novel augmented reality (Microsoft HoloLens) electronic decision support tool during standardized simulated neonatal resuscitation compared with subjects working from memory alone.MethodsIn this randomized controlled pilot study, 18 professionals responsible for neonatal resuscitation were randomized to the intervention group and 11 to the control group. Demographic characteristics were similar between both groups. A standardized neonatal resuscitation scenario was performed, which was recorded and later assessed for adherence to the NLS algorithm by 2 independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes were error classification in case of algorithm deviation and time to the execution or completion of critical steps in the algorithm to determine delay.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) scores of a theoretical maximum of 40 in the intervention group were 34 (32.5–35.5) versus 29 (27–33) in the control group (P = 0.004). Errors of commission were committed less frequently with the electronic decision support tool 2 (1–2.5) compared with 4 (2–4) in the control group (P = 0.029). Analysis of time to initiation or completion of key steps in the NLS algorithm showed no significant differences between both groups.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals using an electronic decision support tool showed improved adherence to the NLS guideline during simulated neonatal resuscitation.