Liver Disturbance Research Articles

肝と皮膚, その病態生理に関して

For a long time the attention has been paid to the close relationship of the skin to the liver in the various skin diseases, but the details is obscure as ever. Therefore, in order to throw a light on this problem, I attempted to inquire into skin-liver interrelation in the eczematous dermatitis. And then the conclusion of my clinical and experimental investigation was as follows. 1. Author made nummerous liver function tests in many cases of eczema, and found positive values of tests in about fifty nine % out of all consequently. 2. The hepatic function was disturbed in all rabbits with croton oil induced dermatitis, and both pattern of the hepatic disturbance and of the skin lesion followed same time course. 3. The development of the skin lesion and the liver disturbance in the croton oil dermatitis was severer in the rabbits treated with CCl4 beforehand than of without such treatment. 4. In addition to the aforesaid observations I made needle biopsy of the liver, and found the following histological changes in six out of seven cases in consequence: anisocaryosis, vacuolated nuclei, fatty infiltration, fibrosis in the portal area. Therefore the liver biopsy permits us to conclude an important role of the liver in eczema.

肝と皮膚, 臨床

肝と皮膚, 臨床

A study of mast cells and histamine in the gastric wall in gastric secretion (V) change of plasma histamine in experimental liver disturbance

A study of mast cells and histamine in the gastric wall in gastric secretion (V) change of plasma histamine in experimental liver disturbance

Effect of Cytotoxic Drugs on Immature Rat's Gonads and Subsequent Reproductive Performance

Apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis is a rare, late-onset, autosomal dominant condition characterized by systemic deposition of amyloid in tissues, the major clinical problems being related to renal, hepatic, and cardiac involvement. Described is the clinical and histologic picture of renal involvement as a result of apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis in five families of Italian ancestry. In all of the affected family members, the disease was caused by the Leu75Pro heterozygous mutation in exon 4 of apolipoprotein A-I gene, as demonstrated by direct sequencing and RFLP analysis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that amyloid deposits were specifically stained with an anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibody. The clinical phenotype was mainly characterized by a variable combination of kidney and liver disturbance. The occurrence of renal involvement seemed to be almost universal, although its severity varied greatly ranging from subclinical organ damage to overt, slowly progressive renal dysfunction. The renal presentation was consistent with a tubulointerstitial disease, as suggested by the findings of defective urine-concentrating capacity, moderate polyuria, negative urinalysis, and mild tubular proteinuria. Histology confirmed tubulointerstitial nephritis. Surprising, amyloid was restricted to nonglomerular regions and limited to the renal medulla. This location of apolipoprotein A-I amyloid differs sharply from other systemic amyloidoses that are mainly characterized by glomerular and vascular deposits. The tubulointerstitial nephritis as a result of hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis is a rare disease and a challenging diagnosis to recognize. Patients who present with familial tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with liver disease require a high index of suspicion for apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis.

Studies on the antidotal effect against chloroform and carbon tetrachloridum.

In our previous report [1], we established the fact that a conjoint administration.of vitamin C and glucose-cysteine is quite potent as an antidotal agent against acetaldehyde and nicotine.In the present paper, we are concerned with carbon tetrachloridum and chloro-form using the same antidotal agent. Since the former is known as a unique substance associated with the liver disturbance and the latter with various forms of the cardiac complaints, our understanding relative to the antidotal action of vitamin C on these drugs would also contribute to better elucidation of the pharmacological mechanisms of the liver and heart.

線維芽細胞抑制剤による慢性肝疾患の治療に関する研究

Followings are the results of experimental studies on effects of chloroquine on the normal liver damages with carbon tetrachloride in rabbits.1) It was noted that the animal treated with carbon tetrachloride showed prominent disturbance of liver functions and histological changes revealing extensive damage of the parenchymal cells and marked fibrosis in the liver.2) The animal administered both chloroquine and carbon tetrachloride revealed normal liver function tests but had a slight degree of liver fibrosis, while the animal administered chloroquine alone revealed normal liver function without any fibrotic findings. However, the liver findings of the animal in combining treatment showed lesser pathological changes than those of the animal with carbon tetrachloride alone.3) No influences were observed by long term administration of chloroquine to the normal animal on several laboratory examinations such as serum colloidal reactions, total serum protein and electrophoresis. Nor histological changes were noted in the normal liver, especially in its connective tissue.4) It may be considered that fibroblast-inhibiting action of chloroquine has important roll to the prevention of chronic liver disturbance.

Chronic hepatic dysfunction in heroin addicts. Possible relation to carrier state of viral hepatitis.

Liver function tests performed on 69 non-jaundiced heroin addicts showed one or more abnormal tests in 52. Only 7 of 43 non-addict control subjects had any abnormal tests. The thymol turbidity, isocitric dehydrogenase, zinc turbidity, and thymol flocculation were the most frequently abnormal tests in the addicts. Only 3 of 57 addicts who were interviewed gave a history of jaundice, although 14 admitted prior association with jaundiced addicts. None of the addicts had practiced adequate sterilization of their injection equipment, and most of them had shared equipment with other addicts. The etiology of this liver disturbance is not known, but chronic viral hepatitis is considered a good possibility. Some heroin addicts are blood carriers of hepatitis virus and represent a serious risk as blood donors. Abnormalities in liver function tests may be a useful means of detecting addicts who attempt to conceal their addiction.

肺結核症における化学療法に関する臨床的並びに実験的研究

As the basic study to elucidate the influences of chemotherapy on the liver function in lung tuberculosis the author summarily conducted various clinico-chemical examinations of the liver function in 126 cases of lung tuberculosis and studied the disturbances of the liver function in this disease.1. Changes in the serum protein picture is especially marked, and by a decrease in albumin with the proportionate increase in globurin the rate of the decrease in A/G reaches as much as 52.4 per cent, showing in addition a significant correlation between the serum protein picture and the clinical of lung tuberculosis.2. There is a significant mutual relationship between the clinical symptoms of lung tuberculosis and results of various examinations such as Gros' reaction, Takata' reaction, CCF, Ch-E and TTT tasts, revealing a high degree of disturbances in the liver parenchym in the advanced exsudative and open cases.3. The case showing a rise in the icteric index is extremely rare, and there is not a single case that presented icteric sign as the result of the estimation of total bilirubin, cholesterol, and alkaliphosphatase.4. Looking over the entire cases, the disturbances in the liver function have been recognized in 23.8 per cent; namely, 12.7 per cent in the minimal cases; 29.2 per cent in the moderately advanced cases; and 45.5 per cent in the far advanced cases. Although there is a mutual relationship between symptoms and the liver disturbance, there can be found not one case showing a critical disturbance.5. From these results it is believed that the functional disturbance of the liver in lung tuberculosis is a mild symptom consisted mainly of the disturbance in the protein metabolism, caused by the chronic infection.6. As for the routine work in the examination of the liver function in lung tuberculosis it is justifiable to conduct examinations of the serum protein picture, especially the picture of albumin and A/G, Gros' reaction, Takata' reaction, CCF, and Ch-E or TTT tests, and BSP test if necessary. It is moreover advisable to examine the icteric index for detection of the icteric sign, and to estimate the quantity of total bilirubin, cholesterol and alkaliphosphatase if necessary.7. Although the results of such examinations are not specific to the lung tuberculosis, it is considered that the all-round examination has an extremely significant bearing on the accurate prognosis as these results coincide well with the intensity and progress of the disease.

大量, 並びに急速輸血の血液諸性状に及ぼす影響に就いて

In 33 mongrel dogs, the author investigated the change of some blood ingredients and blood pressure in groups as divided according to rapid excessive, slow excessive, large hemorrhage-replacement blood transfusion and to mechanical heart and lungs.1) The changes generally observed in these experiments consisted of hemoconcentration and significant decrease of the solid constituents of blood and impairment of hepatic functions.2) The circulating blood and plasma volume and hematocrit values were increased with excessive blood infusion, unless associated with liver disturbances. But the volume by which the blood in circulation was increased was less than the volume of the infused blood, probably because various compensatory mechanisms or the mechanism of extravasation were operating in the congested body. Hematocrit was increased in proportion to the speed of infusion rather than to the volume.3) The plasma protein was increased in value over the corresponding protein infused, the protein fractions showing a reduction in the A:G ratio, without giving any sign of extravasation.4) Of the formed elements of blood, the red blood cells were increased in number, though less in number than that of infusion, in those cases in which the method of infusion used caused serious mechanical impairment. The white blood cells and platelets were remarkably decreased in number.5) The other changes inevitably produced in any massive transfusion were prolonged thrombin time, reduced pH of blood, and fibrinopenic condition.6) Liver impairment, hemorrhagic tendency and other disorders produced are all curable sooner or later unless there are some complications, such a s liver disturbance developing previously. Transfusion in the presence of liver impairment and the effect of ACD as a preservative were reevaluated.

On the Cells of Subcutaneous Connective Tissue and the Hyaluronidase Inhibitor in Experimental Liver Disturbance Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride

1. Applying the mucin clot prevention method, the hyaluronidase inhibitor in blood serum of rabbits are measured. The hyaluronidase inhibitor of some animals decreased definitely in experimental liver disturbance caused by carbon tetrachloride, but that of others decreased little.2. Atrophic protoplasms and nuclei of cells in the subcutaneous connective tissue are found in the experimental rabbits.

Studies on labile liver proteins in surgical diseases of the upper abdomen.

Using specimens of liver tissue obtained at the time of operation, the amount of labile liver protein was determined by Fishman's method.The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. The liver protein of the left lobe was more than 13.0g./dl in some cases of gastric ulcer and cancer, but 8.0 to 13.0g./dl in 60 per cent of the ulcer cases and in 78.8 per cent of the cancer cases. These low values were seen mainly in ulcer cases with complications and in far advanced cases, and the value seemed to become lower as the disease was advanced further. 2. The liver protein showed a tendency to decrease as the influence of the operation was greater. A transfusion of more than 500g. blood during operation seemed to prevent the decrease of the liver protein. 3. Several findings as to the liver protein are suggestive of the existence of some functional difference between the right and left lobes, in that the change of the value due to operation or blood transfusion was more mani-fest in the right lobe. 4. Liver disturbance caused a decrease in liver protein.

Experimental studies on treatment for liver disturbances.

Teradal) and Takezawa2) of our Clinic proved that there are some factors besides vitamin C in T -juice which accelerates the glycogen formation. and Hisago3) also reported that a marked increase of glycogen formation and fixation was observed with the injection of the juice under the condition of high temperature and that the action of the juice was more like that of the mixture of vitamines C, P and K than that of vitamin C only. I studied the influence of T -juice upon the function of the liver disturbed by chloroform and TC employing both A-S and S tests, and I found that T -juice has a good influence upon the function, that is, the period required for the recovery to the normal was reduced in comparison with the control experiment. Moreover, the results of the experiment showed that the effect of juice was more clearly seen in S test than in A-S test. These facts suggest us that tomato is effective clinically in improving liver disturbance. As to the effect of ST on the function of the liver disturbed by TC, the recovery of the function was more rapid in the administration after the disturbance, and its administration mixed with glucose solution after the disturbance was the most effective. It is generally accepted that GA has an effective action in accelerating the detoxicating function of the liver. From the results of my experiment, the function of the liver was improved with the injection of GA and was recovered more effectively with the administration in combination with glucose solution than GA only

Experimental and Clinical Studies on Dyes for Excretory Function Test of Liver

The excretory function of the liver has been tested clinically by the excretion of the dye in the urine or by the retention in the blood stream. The following dye is suitable for these purposes as Nakagawa10) suggested. The dye which is eliminated in the bile and not in the urine in most useful in the test by the retention in the blood stream, while, for testing by the urine, it is preferable that the greater part of the dye is excreted in the bile and only a small proportion in the urine in normal condition, but that an increased output and a prolonged duration in the urine are found when the liver is disturbed. Moreover, it is most advisable for the test that the dye is stable and non-toxic for human body and presents a distinct tone of colour favourable in determining colorimetrically. It is considered from the elimination in the bile and urine in dogs that MB and IC are unsuitable as the dye. AS is stable and non-toxic and presents a brilliant red available for determination. In normal dogs, over 72% of the dye is excreted in the bile and about 10% in the urine, while the output in the urine increases remarkably with a moderate retention in the blood in the liver disturbance, especially by' chloroform. I found the same results clinically as in, the animal experiments, showing an ideal dye for testing by the urine. As Numasawa4) already stated, BPB is also applied for the same object as AS. Moreover, we1) can distinguish by photoelectric colorimeter more exactly the difference of concentration in BPB as compared with AS, though it has double tone of colour which gives no great difficulty in determination. BS has also the same tendency of excretion as AS in the normal condition of bile-fistula dogs. However, in the liver disturbance, especially by chloroform, the retention in the blood is more remarkable than the increase of excretion in the urine as compared with AS.. Moreover, the dye presents a suitable tone of colour for determination, and I found high percentage of disturbance clinically. From these facts, BS is one of the most available in the test by the retention in the blood. CR is useful in testing by means of blood, for the greater part of the dye is eliminated in the bile and there is no and a little trace of the colour in the urine in normal condition and the liver disturbance, respectively. However, not only high retention but also prolonged removal from the blood are observed in normal condition as compared with AS, BPB, BS and RB. Moreover, it is peculiar that a positive result is obtained in a healthy person and that no interrelation is indicated between the disturbanceS with CR and with other dyes in patients.

Studies on the defense mechanism of the body and neurohumoral regulation. I. On the neurohumoral influence upon the phagocytic function of the white blood cell.

1. We found that the penicillin injection in the animal and in the human causes a marked activation of white blood cell function (phagocy-tosis and motility). 2. After the extirpation of the carotid sinus bodies, this penicillin action on the white cell function is markedly reduced or entirely dis-appeared. 3. In vitro experiment (penicillin and fresh blood are mixed in a test-tube) the above mentioned activation of the white cell function can-not be confirmed. 4. In the patients with marked liver disturbance the activation of white cell function through the penicillin injection is greatly decreased. 5. The activation of the white cell function through penicillin is similarly reduced in the animal with experimental liver disturbance caused by CCl4 olive-oil injection. 6. The activation of white cell phagocytosis and motility seems to be regulated by the neurohumoral mechanism.

An experimental study of the relationship between plasma proteins and liver disturbance

The Journal of Pathology and BacteriologyVolume 61, Issue 1 p. 23-47 Article An experimental study of the relationship between plasma proteins and liver disturbance† Kwok-kew Cheng, Kwok-kew Cheng Department of Morbid Anatomy, University College Hospital Medical School, London Graham Scholar.Search for more papers by this author Kwok-kew Cheng, Kwok-kew Cheng Department of Morbid Anatomy, University College Hospital Medical School, London Graham Scholar.Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1949 https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700610104Citations: 16 † Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume61, Issue1January 1949Pages 23-47 RelatedInformation

The Validity of Laboratory Evidence in the Diagnosis of the Sequelae of Acute Hepatitis

Summary Twenty-one patients, who had had acute hepatitis from six months to ten years before were studied by means of a group of laboratory procedures which included serum bilirubin determinations, examination of the urine for urobilinogen, the bromsulf alein test, hippuric acid synthesis, determination of the serum cholesterol, and of the prothrombin level, the cephalin cholesterol flocculationtest, thymol turbidity and thymol flocculation tests, and colloidal gold reaction. Five of these patients had symptoms suggesting chronic active hepatitis, seven had hepatomegaly. The others had no clinical evidence of hepatic disease. Some abnormality in the responses to one or more of these tests was noted in all of the patients. In two patients who were symptom-free, however, the only abnormality was very slight hypercholesterolemia, which may be considered to be of only questionable significance. The hippuric acid synthesis test was not abnormal in any of the eighteen patients in whom it was performed. The amount of urobilinogen in the urine was normal in twenty of the twenty-one patients studied. These two tests seemed relatively insensitive in detecting residual hepatic changes following hepatitis. The various flocculation tests gave normal responses in all but four of the patients. The cephalin cholesterol flocculation was positive in two and the colloidal gold reaction was positive in three. In only two patients were the flocculation tests strikingly abnormal. Although one of these two patients had clinical evidence of active liver disease, such evidence was much less pronounced in the other patient, so that in these two individuals no correlation between positive flocculations and the clinical features of hepatitis could be observed. In general the flocculation tests were of little value in the recognition of residual liver dysfunction. Hyperbilirubinemia was found in fourteen of the twenty-one patients. This consisted of increase in only the direct reacting bilirubin in nine of the fourteen patients. No instance of marked increase in the indirect reacting bilirubin was seen. The degree of hyperbilirubinemia was slight in most instances, but even this slight increase in bilirubin may have diagnostic significance and indicate definite hepatic dysfunction since it was not encountered without other evidence of liver disturbance. Some degree of excessive bromsulf alein retention was also encountered in fourteen of the twenty-one patients studied. This was also usually of slight degree. Although found frequently, bromsulf alein retention was occasionally absent in the face of other evidence of hepatic dysfunction, so that a normal response to the bromsulf alein test may not be considered as excluding the presence of residual hepatic dysfunction following hepatitis. In eight of the twenty-one patients, a low prothrombin level was found. All eight of these patients had abnormal responses to one or more of the other tests used, but in some instances the hypoprothrombinemia was the most striking laboratory evidence of hepatic disorder. Vitamin K was given to five of these eight patients and the prothrombin level responded slowly or not at all to this therapy. The hypothrombinemia seems, therefore, to indicate that a specific liver dysfunction remained following acute hepatitis. Determination of prothrombin is suggested as a valuable addition to the liver function tests usually employed in the search for sequelae of hepatitis. The abnormality may exist even though other liver function tests are relatively normal. Lowering of the cholesterol ester ratio, was seen in only one patient and only one patient had decrease of the total cholesterol. Ten of the twenty-one patients had hypercholesterolemia. Although this finding need not indicate dysfunction of the liver, its demonstration in association with other laboratory evidence of hepatic disturbance following hepatitis calls for further investigation. In this group of patients we could not find any close relation between the clinical features—symptoms and hepatomegaly—and the responses to the liver function tests used. Patients who had had acute hepatitis not infrequently gave abnormal responses to various liver function tests. The degree of abnormality was often slight and not necessarily indicative of disease that was active clinically. The prognostic significance of such findings can be determined only by repeated studies.

OBSERVATIONS ON ‘PREDIABETES’

Abnormal blood sugar curves indicating ‘low sugar tolerance’ may be found in normal persons at times of emotional upset (1) or while they are living on low carbohydrate diets (2). Advanced age (3), high blood pressure (4), liver or kidney insufficiency (5, 6) tend to decrease the glucose tolerance. In addition, there are some persons, young or in middle age, in apparently good health, with blood pressure normal or slightly higher, without demonstrable liver or kidney disturbance, living on unrestricted normal diet who upon glucose tolerance tests consistently respond with markedly abnormal blood sugar time curves approaching those found in the diabetic. Such persons are almost invariably obese. Paullin and Souls (7) first called attention to this condition; John (8) called it ‘prediabetes.’ Rony (9) found it in 16 of 70 unselected cases of adult obesity. The frequent occurrence of this condition in obesity deserves attention for several reasons. In the first place there is the question whether or not obes...