Life Perspective Research Articles

The Impact of Islamophobia on Society, Attitudes, Policies and The Youths

Is Islamophobia a new marvel?. Are Islam and the Judeo-Christian West still hateful of and hostile toward each other? What has fueled the sudden rhetoric of Islamophobia in the United States of America and Europe?. After the attack of Twin Towers 9/11, Islam was being viewed as a conservative, barbaric and intolerant perspective of life. Muslim was posited as blood thirsty savages under the banner of a monolithic religion.The study aims to examine the impact of Islamophobia on society, attitudes, policies and the youths. Descriptive method with qualitative approach was used in the study. The 2016 Presidential elections of America were one of the most acrimonious and confrontational campaigns in the history of America. Extraordinary political rhetoric, outbursts in distasteful discriminatory tones, and anti-Muslim invectives blemished the campaign of United States (US) Presidential Elections of 2016. To endorse his political agenda, Donald J. Trump specifically focused upon Muslims as a grave issue, and likely toyed with the public pulses, which resulted in an unpredictable election result. Mirroring the perceived reality, media as an invention of information shapes public opinion. Media reports after 9/11 specifically underrepresented Muslim views and negatively portrayed Islamic culture. Islam was painted as a religion of discrimination, radicalization and regression by the Western media. With the advent of digital media, providing a carte blanche deserted the situation further. The rhetoric of Islamophobia dispersed hatred speech and acts of defamation on social media websites backed by the freedom of speech narrative.

Integrating product-service innovation into green supply chain management from a life cycle perspective: A systematic review and future research directions

Product-service innovation and its associated benefits for customers and manufacturers has gained significant attention in the innovation and servitization literature. However, the extant literature remains unclear in regard to how product-service innovation may contribute to green supply chain management with improved environmental performance and to the pathways by which it can do so. In order to fill this important gap, this paper presents a systematic review of the body of knowledge on product-service innovation and green supply chain management by considering the missing link in servitization research—namely, the product lifespan and life cycle perspective. Anchored in stakeholder theory as an overarching theoretical perspective, our study reveals (1) the categorical product lifespan approach to and (2) the dynamic life cycle perspective on product-service innovation and green supply chain management, and (3) how collaborative partnerships can be a pathway for the integration of product-service innovation into green supply chain management. We found that it is crucial to engage with diverse stakeholders from a life cycle perspective, including beginning, middle, and end of life. Our study provides important insights into the enabling role played by product-service innovation for environmental sustainability and outline the future research directions.

Lived experience perspectives guiding improvements to the Systematic Tailored Assessment for Responding to Suicidality protocol.

Suicide risk assessment protocols have traditionally been developed by clinical or research experts in suicidology, with little formal involvement of those with a lived experience of suicide. This study broadly aimed to seek lived experience perspectives of the Systematic Tailored Assessment for Responding to Suicidality (STARS) protocol A further aim was to elicit lived experience suggestions for wording and language used in the existing items within sections of the STARS protocol (STARS-p). Participants were 33 adults (Female = 64%) with a lived experience of suicide, who attended a virtual research workshop at the National Lived Experience of Suicide Summit (2021). After being educated about STARS-p, participants provided their overall perceptions of STARS-p as well as suggestions for rewording and language use across the sections of STARS-p. Their responses were gathered using a virtual online platform for live electronic data collection. A three-phase process of qualitative content analysis was used, engaging both inductive and deductive approaches to explore study aims one and two, respectively. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was followed to enhance quality of reporting. Qualitative content analysis of participants' views of the STARS-p reflected three main categories, namely, STARS philosophy; What STARS aspires to; and Continuity of care and meeting needs. Responses characterized participants' perceptions of the core purpose of STARS-p and ways for refining or adapting it to suit diverse needs and settings. Based on deductive content analysis, suggested modifications to wording of items and additional items to extend sections were identified. The study yielded novel perspectives from those with a lived experience of suicide, which will inform improvements to the next edition of STARS-p. The STARS training (required for licensed use of the protocol) will be updated accordingly, in line with these results.

Current Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in India: A Systematic Literature Review.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic dermatological condition affecting ~10% of adults and ~20% of the paediatric population in high-income countries. There is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the disease burden of AD in India. In this systematic review, the primary objective was to review epidemiological data on AD in India based on articles published between 2011 and 2021. The secondary objective was to assess the disease burden from economic and quality of life (QoL) perspectives. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using predefined search strings. Relevant studies published in English on AD between 2011 and 2021 were included. This review included 11 articles, of which nine reported demographic and clinical characteristics. The reported prevalence ranged from 3.1% to 7.21% among the paediatric population, up to 16 years of age. The prevalence of AD ranged from 0.98% to 9.2% in studies including paediatric and adult patients. The cost of medications was reported to be the major contributor to the economic burden associated with AD. Mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety were frequently reported in association with AD. Although AD is a common disorder affecting all age groups, there is a lack of substantial epidemiological data. None of the current studies covers the entire country. Hence, studies with a wider geographic scope covering all aspects of disease burden are required to help clinicians and policymakers to understand the disease burden and devise appropriate preventive and management strategies.

Improving English Language Skills in Early Childhood at SPS Mawar Kebonagung Through English Day Activities

In the eyes of society, universities are considered only to teach theory without any form of application when viewed from the perspective of social life. This can be seen from the surrounding conditions where not many university graduates can apply this theory in the field. This activity aims to bridge learning at SPS Mawar, Kebonagung Subdistrict, Pasuruan City, with a service learning approach in the English Day program to provide training for SPS Mawar Kebonagung Early Age Children (AUD) in improving their English language skills by introducing several new vocabulary through singing and fun game. This activity involved a lecturer, four PGRI Wiranegara University students, AUD SPS Mawar students, and teachers. A participatory approach is also used in this service activity to attract students' attention and make it easier for students to remember new vocabulary. Students are directly involved in the learning process. The success of providing English language teaching can increase AUD's ability or vocabulary in English by providing new inspiration in teaching children English skills with fun learning.

Evaluation Study on the Layout of Community Senior Living Facilities in the Main Area of Shanghai from the Perspective of Senior Life Circle

The senior life circle is the basic unit space for building a high quality of senior living in the city, and the service level of the community senior facilities within it is directly related to the daily quality of life of the elderly residents. From the perspective of daily life needs, this study constructs a community senior living facility system consisting of “three levels, six categories and fourteen items”. Taking the main urban area of Shanghai as an example, the relationship between the supply and demand of community senior facilities and senior residents is studied from two perspectives: facility coverage and facility accessibility. The results show that: (1) the community senior living facilities system needs to be improved; (2) there are large gaps in the configuration of care facilities and living facilities; (3) the number of facilities served per capita shows the characteristics of “high value concentration in the center, middle value concentration in the transition area, and peripheral mixed”. The study recommends improving the construction of the facility system, broadening the service supply channels, enhancing the accessibility of facilities by grading and zoning, and promoting the sharing of facilities across administrative boundaries.

The Digital Bytes Project: Digital Storytelling as a Tool for Challenging Stigma and Making Connections in a Forensic Mental Health Setting.

This article reports on the findings of a study that explores the utility of digital storytelling as a narrative practice and learning tool for social work in an Australian secure forensic mental health hospital. The short digital stories, or Digital Bytes Project, centered on capturing the lived experience, hopes and perspectives of the hospital's service users by giving voice to their experiences through digital technology. The project was collaboratively designed and co-delivered with social work students, hospital staff, and service users. It aimed to not only destigmatize people with lived experiences of mental distress and criminal justice system involvement but also to give staff and students further insights into understanding who they are working with. Through a series of 11 semi-structured, one on one interviews, this research aims to explore social work student and forensic mental health staff experiences and perceptions in relation to the utility and impact of these digital bytes, reflecting on how the prototype bytes may have impacted their learnings, or practice, including how they then interact with service users. This research investigates how these digital bytes could be used further within forensic mental health organisations and contexts. The research findings demonstrate the overall value of digital bytes in challenging different kinds of stigma, shifting power dynamics and staff perspectives; strengthening rapport and understanding through enhancing engagement and sharing power between students, staff, and consumers; as well as providing insight into the utility of digital bytes for learning and making connections between theory and practice. The preliminary findings from this research suggest the need for greater accessibility, integration, and consideration of these digital tools, with their potential to be translated across multiple human service sectors.

Caregiving Children with Visually Impairments: Occupational Balance and Quality of Life Perspective

Several studies have shown that caregivers of children (COC) with special needs have their occupational balance (OB) or quality of life (QOL) worsening. However, the OB and QOL of COC with visual impairment are not adequately investigated. Fifty-nine participants who were the primary COC who were diagnosed with either low vision (LV) or blindness completed the study. Occupational Balance Questionerrie Turkish version and the WHO Quality of Life Scale-Short Form Turkish version were applied. The correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the OB and QOL scores. The Mann-Whitney U used for comparing OB and QOL scores between the COC with LV and blindness. There was a positive correlation between caregivers' OB and QOL (r=0.600; p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between OB and QOL of the two groups of caregivers (p>0.05). There are many issues that occupational therapists should support and investigate about this family. We think that the quality of life, balance of activity and efficient use of the time of COC with VI should be further investigated by occupational therapists.

Meaningful engagement through critical reflexivity: Engaging people with lived experience in continuing mental health professional development.

Engaging people with lived experience of mental health system encounters in the design and actualization of continuing professional development initiatives for mental health professionals can have transformative systemic impacts. Yet, despite evidence that involving people with lived experience benefits mental health professional education, far less focus has been placed on how to engage people with lived experience in continuing professional development initiatives. Tensions persist regarding the role of lived experience perspectives in continuing professional development, as well as how to establish people with lived experience as partners, educators and leaders in a thoughtful way. We propose that meaningful and equitable partnerships with people with lived experience can be realized by engaging in critical reflexivity and by systematically challenging assumptions. This paper explores three topics: (1) the current state of engagement with people with lived experience in continuing professional development initiatives; (2) barriers to meaningful engagement and (3) recommendations for using critical reflexivity to support the involvement and leadership of people with lived experience in continuing professional development for mental health professionals. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: This viewpoint manuscript was co-designed and co-written by people with diverse lived and learned experiences. Each author's professional roles involve meaningfully and equitably partnering with and centring the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental health system encounters. In addition, approximately half of the authorship team identifies as having lived experience of accessing the psychiatric system and/or supporting family members who are navigating challenges related to mental health. These lived and learned experiences informed the conception and writing of this article.

The Intimate and Everyday Geopolitics of the Russian War Against Ukraine

ABSTRACT The contributions in this Forum analyse the Russian war against Ukraine from the micro perspective of everyday life, conveyed by scholars who have been impacted at a variety of personal levels. Framed within the existential threat that continues to endanger Ukrainians and Ukraine, the contributions collected here embrace the messiness of lived experience away from the grand narratives that circulate at global scales. Instead, the authors explore a variety of processes of situated bordering that fracture not just territory, but also families and individual lives. In so doing, they shine light on the people and places where geopolitics takes shape on the ground. Taken together, this collection provides a nuanced and human-scale exploration of one of the most momentous geopolitical events in recent history.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЖИТТЄВОЇ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИМУШЕНИХ ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНЦІВ ПІД ЧАС ОЗБРОЄНОГО КОНФЛІКТУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article provides theoretical analysis of the problem of the peculiarities of life prospects of forced migrants during the armed conflict in Ukraine. Critical situations, natural disasters, and armed conflicts usually have a negative impact on the psyche of those who are involved in these events. The impact of traumatic events extends not only to direct victims but also to a wide range of individuals. The consequences of traumatization affect their families, surroundings, rescuers, and other workers. The authors present their views on life planning, based on three components. Life perspective is opened for those who have already created a system of life relations and support that become more valuable. Achieving life goals helps to reach life limits and, in a certain sense, guarantees the future. The main components of life planning are awareness of goals, determination of ways to achieve them, and understanding the significance of their implementation. Life perspective is a dynamic phenomenon that depends on the constant changes and adjustments in a person’s plans and goals. A person’s life position and value system are formed as a result of this process and determine the individual’s future. Planning a life perspective involves setting goals, defining ways to achieve them, and understanding the significance of realizing life plans. It is a constant process that depends on changes and adjustments in plans and goals, as well as on the realization of one’s values and the formation of a life plan. Today, there is information about 4 million people in the Unified Information Database on Internally Displaced Persons. Of these, over 2 million are people who were displaced due to the imposition of martial law. And of those, 1.9 million were forcibly displaced for the first time. The article mentions six main problems faced by forced migrants. It is stated that problems with adaptation to new conditions limit access to basic social services such as healthcare and education. It is emphasized that it is important to carry out social programs and projects aimed at improving the socio-economic situation of forced migrants. It is noted that an important component of social support is providing information about available services and resources that can help in adapting to a new environment. At the same time, it is stated that it is necessary to provide the opportunity for learning the language and culture of the country they have resettled in. It is necessary to consider the gender aspect and provide equal opportunities for men and women in the process of adaptation and obtaining social and psychological support. It is also noted that attention should be paid to the problems that arise in children of forced migrants. Children may need additional psychological support and education. It’s important to raise awareness among the public about the problems faced by forced migrants. This can be done through media, social networks, cultural events and so on. Coping behavior – a set of conscious conflict resolution strategies to deal with internal tension and discomfort – is an important form of the adaptation process and personality response to stressful situations, in addition to psychological protection. At the same time, there is a “balanced temporal orientation”, which is an idealized cognitive structure that allows a person to flexibly switch between the past, present, and future depending on the demands of the situation, resource assessments, or personal and social evaluations.

Nilai-Nilai Motif Songket Bengkalis Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan

Bengkalis is also one of the districts with quite a lot of immigrant communities as a result of which there is a lot of cultural mixing. And there are not a few people who follow the culture brought by migrants, so that it can trigger the songket weaving craft to be less appreciated by the local community. This research will discuss 5 songket weaving motifs which are quite familiar among the people, especially the people of Bengkalis. Which aims to find out what educational values are contained in it. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and literature or documentation studies. While the selection of informants using purposive sampling technique. The Bengkalis Malay songket woven fabric has a variety of woven motifs or patterns ranging from flora, fauna, nature and others. These motifs have meanings that describe how the perspective of human life. In Riau, it has four weaving centers, namely in Indragiri Hulu, Rokan Hilir, Bengkalis and Siak. Each of these areas has a different basic motive. In the Bengkalis area, there are about 90 typical Malay motifs. In this study, five motifs that are well known among the public will be discussed, namely the bamboo shoots, ducks returning home, sentorak, elbow clouds and ants along. Riau Malay woven fabric is a fabric made by the handicrafts of the Malay people, which is done by the process of weaving threads interspersed with woven gold or silver threads with a certain variety of woven motifs or patterns. The variety of motifs and patterns of woven fabrics in Bengkalis is very diverse. And in each of these motifs there is a very close relationship between humans and nature, both animals and plants. For the Malays, the pattern is not only a mere decoration, but also used as a symbol or symbol that contains a certain meaning and philosophy which contains the noble values of the local culture

The lived experience of clozapine discontinuation in patients and carers following suspected clozapine-induced neutropenia

BackgroundClozapine is the treatment of choice in refractory psychosis. In most countries, clozapine must be stopped indefinitely if white blood cells fall below a defined threshold during routine monitoring. Despite evidence of severe adverse consequences of clozapine discontinuation, published accounts on the lived experiences and perspectives of patients and carers are scarce.MethodWe completed semi-structured interviews with patients (n = 4) and family carers (n = 4) on experiences of clozapine cessation following suspected drug-induced neutropenia. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsThe two overarching themes comprised:(i) stress of clozapine below threshold neutrophil results and (ii) patient and carer priorities.ConclusionsThere is a suggested need for evidence-based pharmacological and psychological approaches to support patients and carers after clozapine cessation. Such approaches will minimise the potentially negative physical and emotional sequela in the aftermath of a below threshold neutrophil result and reduce the likelihood of experiencing additional health and social inequalities after clozapine discontinuation.

THE “MARBLE-HEARTED FIEND”: MATERIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL ASPECTS OF PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN KING LEAR

The parent-child relationship is one of the most important subject matters in Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of King Lear in the sense that from it naturally spring the major themes of the play. Themes like regeneration of wisdom, distribution, and effect of power and pelf, human and divine justice, and man’s relationship with man and nature, are all presented on a universal scale, spatial and temporal, passing from the palace to the hovel, from the court to the heath, and from moments of folly to moments of enlightenment through moments of purgatorial sufferings. This universal scale can be regarded as connected to the political contexts of Britain, modeled on the prototypical and primary unit of a family. And since family, which involves principally the begetter and the begotten that also has the potential of begetting, is the primary and fundamental unit of the whole universe from both human and animal perspectives of life, this paper seeks to investigate how the familial background of the parent-child relationship in King Lear is portrayed against the backdrop of the kingdom and the universe. In order to do so, these three units – family, kingdom, and in natural and metaphysical senses the universe – are considered to be deeply interconnected with human relationships, corresponding consecutively to its psychological, material, and spiritual aspects. Shakespeare has illuminated the tragic truths about the relationship between the parents and their children by showing a profound interaction between the family, kingdom, and the universe with respect to their corresponding psychological, material, and spiritual aspects.

Mechanical properties of Sn–Pb based solder joints and fatigue life prediction of PBGA package structure

Solder joints are generally the weakest part in electronic packaging structure whose fatigue life depends to a large extent on the durability of solder joints. In pursuit of a balance between environmental protection and soldering performance, commonly used Sn–Pb solder should be modified by adding other chemical elements to reduce Pb content. This work aims to investigate the performance of different solder materials and explore the impact of different electronic package structures. Firstly, tensile experiments are performed on three kinds of solders (Sn–Pb, Sn–Pb–In, Sn–Pb–Bi) to obtain their mechanical behavior, and then the constitutive laws of them are calibrated by Anand model. Additionally, finite element method (FEM) is used simulate the response of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package structure under thermal cycles, and mechanical variables including deformation, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain are analyzed. Finally, Coffin-Manson and Engelmaier equations are adopted to predict the fatigue life of package structures and the effects of various factors such as solder materials, dimensions of components, and welding quality are further investigated. Results reveal that adding Bi into Sn–Pb solder can make the solder joints have better performance. From the perspective of optimum fatigue life, the plastic package thickness is recommended in the range of 0.8 mm–0.9 mm, the chip thickness is recommended as 0.35 mm, the substrate thickness is recommended to be less than 0.34 mm, and the ratio of stand-off height to solder ball diameter should be controlled between 0.6 and 0.7. According to the prediction, the solder ball diameter is suggested to be 0.54 mm so that fatigue life could reach 194 cycles, and the stand-off height for this package structure is suggested to be 0.36 mm so that fatigue life could reach 123 cycles.

Raznovidnosti tanca i ego esteticheskie idei v epohu dinastii Tan

The article introduces the types of Tang dances from the perspectives of social life, politics and culture, it analyses the unique aesthetic ideas of Tang dances, and it summarizes Tang dances from the perspectives of both dance performance and dance appreciation.

PCR82 Systematic Literature Review on the Value of Hemophilia Treatment in Japan

The emergence of new modalities, including gene therapies, has raised interest in the multidimensional value of hemophilia treatments. This study aimed to collect a wide range of evidence on the value of hemophilia treatment in Japan, mainly from the health economic and quality of life perspectives, through a systematic literature review.

SOLVING OF SENSE PROBLEMS IN THE LIFE COMPETENCE OF PERSONALITY

The purpose of the article: to show that the personality life competence is determined by the development of the personality ability to pose and solve sense problems that arise in complex, unpredictable life situations. Life competence is interpreted as a personality property that provides a productive solution of life problems. Those problems arise before a person throughout his life. It requires interpretation, analysis and comprehension of situations in which a person finds himself. First of all, we are talking about critical, traumatic and unpredictable situations. This leads to an awareness of the situations problematic nature and the transformation of certain problem situations into a problem, first of all, a sense problem. One of the important prerequisites for a person independent formulation of a sense life problem is the creation of a psychological situation, that is, the transfer of the external situation into the internal plan by means of its analysis, interpretation and understanding. The most typical problems that appear before a person, causing the emergence of certain psychological situations, are the problem of the life sense and life perspective, which causes the emergence of an existential situation; a personality problem and, accordingly, a personality psychological situation and a situation of interaction with others, which prompts the emergence of a social situation. The specified problems appear in the form of external and internal obstacles that complicate the activity, prevent the achievement of the goal, satisfaction of needs, etc. The stages of transformation of a problematic situation into a problem itself are characterized - from a problematization to a solution, even if the solution is not completely effective and requires from a person to continue to analyze the situation and to pose independently new life problems.

Evaluation of Psychological Resources of Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During the Transition From Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Clinics: Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

The transition period of patients with type 1 diabetes from pediatric to adult-oriented health care is associated with poorer glycemic control and less frequent clinic attendance. Fears and anxiety about the unknown, care approach differences in adult settings, and sadness about leaving the pediatric provider all contribute to a patient's reluctance to transition. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological parameters of young patients with type 1 diabetes transitioning to an adult outpatient clinic during the first visit. We examined 50 consecutive patients (n=28, 56% female) transitioning from March 2, 2021, to November 21, 2022, into adult care (3 diabetes centers from 3 regions in southern Poland: A, n=16; B, n=21; and C, n=13) and their basic demographic information. They completed the following psychological questionnaires: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Acceptance of Illness Scale, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C, Courtauld Emotional Control Scale, and Quality of Life Questionnaire Diabetes. We compared their data with those for the general healthy population and patients with diabetes from Polish Test Laboratory validation studies. During the first adult outpatient visit, patients' mean age was 19.2 (SD 1.4) years, with a diabetes duration of 9.8 (SD 4.3) years and BMI of 23.5 (SD 3.1) kg/m2. Patients came from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds: 36% (n=18) live in villages, 26% (n=13) live in towns with ≤100,000 inhabitants, and 38% (n=19) live in bigger cities. Regarding therapy type, 68% (n=34) were treated with insulin pump therapy, whereas 32% (n=16) were treated with multiple daily injections. Patients from center A had a mean glycated hemoglobin level of 7.5% (SD 1.2%). There was no difference regarding the level of life satisfaction, perceived level of stress, and state anxiety between the patients and reference populations. Patients had similar health locus of control and negative emotions control to the general population of patients with diabetes. Most patients (n=31, 62%) believe that control over their health depends on themselves, whereas 52% (n=26) believe that it depends mostly on others. Patients had higher levels of suppression of negative emotions-anger, depression, and anxiety-than the age-matched general population. Additionally, the patients were characterized by a higher acceptance of illness and higher level of self-efficacy compared to the reference populations: 64% (n=32) had a high level of self-efficacy and 26% (n=13) had a high level of life satisfaction. This study indicated that young patients transitioning to adult outpatient clinics have good psychological resources and coping mechanisms, which might result in adequate adaptation and adult life satisfaction including future metabolic control. These result also disprove the stereotypes that young people with chronic disease have worse life perspectives when entering adulthood.

How patients with advanced cancer conceptualize prognosis: A phenomenological qualitative inquiry

Background: Despite the importance of accurate prognostic understanding in patients with advanced cancer, there is little consensus around how to conceptualize and measure the multidimensional construct. Most studies focus on single aspects of prognostic understanding (e.g., curability) that clinicians have identified as important; no previous research has asked patients how they define “prognosis.” Aim: The present study examined how patients with advanced cancer conceptualize their “prognosis.” It also explored how patients assigned value to prognostic information and the impact of prognosis on life perspectives. Design: A phenomenological approach was used to analyze semi-structured interviews with individuals with advanced cancer to examine how patients define prognosis. Setting/participants: English and Spanish-speaking patients with advanced cancer (N = 29) were recruited from ambulatory clinics at a comprehensive cancer center in New York City. Results: To conceptualize prognosis, patients focused on concrete medical data, anticipated survival and quality of life, impact on meaningful life events, uncertainty, and physician affect. They discussed the importance of maintaining normalcy despite prognosis, knowledge as a form of coping, information reframing, and altered decision-making as means of coping with prognostic information. Conclusions: Given the range of ways patients define prognosis and assign value to prognostic information, clinicians should incorporate a thorough assessment of patient information preferences, values, and coping styles when engaging in end-of-life discussions. Trainings should emphasize the importance of nonverbal cues (i.e., affect management, body language) in prognostic disclosure.