Live Weight Of Piglets Research Articles

Level of phenotypic consolidation and correlation analysis of reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value

The results of research activities of reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value are given, the level of their phenotypic consolidation is determined and the correlation analysis is carried out. The study was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipropetrovsk and Sumy regions (LLC “AF “Renaissance”, research farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast NAAS of Ukraine, LLC “Druzhba – Kaznacheyivka”), livestock laboratory of the State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine and livestock laboratory economy of the North-East of NAAS of Ukraine. The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS of Ukraine № 30 “Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products” (“Pig breeding”). The object of the study were sows of large white breed. Indicators of reproductive qualities of animals of the specified production group were investigated taking into account the following quantitative signs: multiplicity, head; milk yield, kg, number of piglets at weaning, head; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, safety, %. The BLUP index (maternal line) was calculated on the basis of the Main Breeding Center for Pig Breeding (Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP NAAS of Ukraine) according to the general model of a single animal. The index of alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at the time of their birth, the index of reproductive qualities of the sow and the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of the main quantitative traits were calculated according to the methods of V. I. Khalak (2012), M. D. Berezovsky (quoted from A. Vashchenko, 2019) and Yu. P. Polupan (1996, 2005), respectively. Biometric processing of research results was performed according to the methods of G. F. Lakin (1990). It was found that the maximum indicators of fertility, milk yield, number of piglets and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days are characterized by sows of group I, in which the index BLUP (maternal line) is 109.78–128.75, the index of reproductive qualities (CPI) – 101.43–161.72 points. The correlation coefficients between the characteristics of reproductive qualities and integrated indicators are reliable and range from + 0.648 ± 0.0492 (index BLUP (maternal line) × milk yield) to + 0.984 ± 0.0086 (index of reproductive qualities (IRQ) × nest weight per weaning time at the age of 28 days). A high level of phenotypic consolidation on the basis of reproductive qualities of sows was found in animals of group II by milk yield (K1 = 0.561, K2 = 0.499) and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (K1 = 0.521, K2 = 0.472), peers of group I – by multiplicity (K1 = 0.315, K2 = 0.410) and the number of piglets at weaning (K1 = 0.296, K2 = 0.397). The calculation of economic efficiency of sows of different breeding value shows that the maximum increase in additional products was obtained from sows of group I, in which the index BLUP (maternal line) is 109.78–128.75, the index of reproductive qualities (IRQ) – 101.43–161, 72 points – +13.08 %, and its value is +332.08 UAH/head. These indicators of evaluation indices are a criterion for selecting high-yielding sows of large white breeds of controlled herds.

Development and study of the effectiveness of a biologically active drug in the diet of sows

Many researchers note the need to improve feed additives and the search for new promising drugs for the intensification of the pig industry. We have developed a biologically active complex drug Microlact. It is used by animals as a means aimed at correcting the disturbed metabolism of sows associated with pregnancy and lactation, to activate the growth and development of piglets as well as their viability. The purpose of the work was to develop and study the effectiveness of the biologically active drug in the diet of lactating sows. The use of the drug led to the improvement of biochemical parameters of blood of pregnant sows, indicating the activation of metabolic processes in their body, which provided the increase in milk yield of sows, average daily weight gain of piglets and their livability. The live weight of piglets for weaning increased by 8,0% (P < 0,01), the livability of suckling piglets increased to 93,1%, which is a consequence of improving the quality of colostrum and milk, and consequently the positive effect of the biologically active drug containing an optimal complex of minerals, vitamin E in the composition of malt sprouts, essential amino acids and organic form of selenium. More nutritious colostrum and milk contributed to the better development of the piglets’ body and resistance to adverse factors. Immunoglobulins have been obtained by piglets with colostrum and milk increase their resistance and contribute to higher livability. The increase in the weight of suckling pigs has a positive effect on the further development and growth of animals on fattening. Thus, the administration of the biologically active drug Microlact to sows during pregnancy leads to the activation of metabolic processes, which can only be provided by a high level of functioning of the organs and systems of the body.

Advantages of feeding pregnant sows with biologically active substances based on folic acid and trace elements

The nutrition of sows has a significant impact on their productivity and milk production, as well as the multiple, large-fruited and the viability of the litter. The influence of folic acid and salts of microelements was studied by including them in diets, on the reproductive function of pregnant sows and the quality of offspring. The sows of the 1st control group received the basic diet adopted on the farm, the animals of the 2nd experimental group received folic acid in addition to the basic diet, the 3rd group received salts of trace elements (cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper and iodine), the 4th group was fed by a complex consisting of folic acid and mineral salts. It was found that the use of folic acid and a complex of salts of microelements had a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in the body of pregnant sows, improved their physiological state and increased the safety of piglets by 12.72%. The complex use of mineral salts and folic acid had a positive effect on the synthetic function of the liver. The increase in fertility, the number and live weight of piglets at birth and weaning in sows of the experimental groups can be explained by the improvement of feeding conditions, in particular, the enrichment of compound feed with biologically active substances, an improvement in the digestibility of the main dietary substances and, as a consequence, the activation of metabolism. In order to improve metabolism, reproductive function, increase fertility, nest weight at birth and weaning, preservation of piglets, we recommend adding trace element salts to the diet of pregnant sows in the following doses: CoSO4 - 10 mg, MnSO4 - 50 mg, ZnSO4 - 50 mg, CuSO4 - 50 mg and KI - 10 mg per 100 kg of body weight and folic acid - 35 mg/head during the entire period of pregnancy.

Influence of a prebiotic based on blue-green microalgae on the reproductive qualities of first litter gilts

It was found that the use of a prebiotic based on blue-green microalgae in pigs in the early postnatal period of development improved their reproductive qualities. The weight of the nest at birth and the live weight of piglets at weaning in the first litter gilts of the control group was 9.5 and 23.7% less than in the sows of the experimental group. The milk production of the ewes in the experimental group was 8.4 kg higher than in the control group. As they grew and were able to use additional feeding, the piglets in the experimental group overtook their peers and by weaning had a live weight of 14.3 kg (23.7%) more than in the control group. The safety of piglets obtained from the first litter gilts of the experimental group during the weaning period (32 days) was 5.3% more than the control.

Оценка эффективности железосодержащих препаратов в комплексной терапии антенатальной гипотрофии поросят

In the conditions of the pig breeding complex, the effectiveness of two treatment regimens for antenatal hypotrophy of piglets was studied. Two groups of piglets were formed, where the ironcontaining drug «Ursoferran – 200» was used in complex therapy in the 1st experimental group, and «Ferropen-200»in the 2nd experimental group. In a clinical study, hypotrophic piglets showed characteristic symptoms of the disease. In the experiment, the live weight of piglets was measured at the time of farrowing and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days of life. The hematological parameters were studied. The most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed in the 1st experimental group, where the body weight gain was higher by 8,3% than in the 2nd experimental group.

СКОРОСТЬ РОСТА И БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ СВИНЕЙ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ «ЛИПОКАР»

The studies were conducted in 2015 on Large Whitepigs of the breeding farm of the AO “Linevskiy plemzavod” (Altai Region, Smolenskiy District). The research goal was to determine the growth rate and blood biochemical indices of pigs when using LipoKar feed supplement.According to the design of the experiment, the animals of the control group were fed the basic dietonly. In the trial group, the sows received LipoKar feed supplement for 20 days startingfrom the 85th day of pregnancy. Then, the piglets born from them were also fed LipoKar feed supplement during the nursery period for 40 days in a 10 days’ interval. The dosages of the feed supplement were as following: for pregnant sows -2.1 g perhead per day; for young animals -0.8 g per head per day. The following effects of using LipoKar feed supplementwere found in the trial group: increasing piglet live weight from 4.2% to 11.7% (p < 0.001), average daily live weight gains -from 3.4% to 18.6% (p < 0.05); total protein, vitamin A and alkaline re-servein blood serum by 15.5% (p < 0.001), 9.2% (p < 0.05) and 20.9% (p < 0.001), respectively

METHODS OF EVALUATION OF BREEDING VALUE OF LARGE WHITE BREED PIGS OF THE BREEDING PLANT OF SE “PASICHNA” DEPARTMENT OF KHMELNYTSK REGION

Goal. To accelerate the selection process and create populations of pigs with high level of productivity to assess the most effective modern methods breeding value of large white pigs in the SE "DG" Pasichna "Institute of Feed and Agriculture Podillya NAAS" Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the basis of a combined assessment of repair young for their own productivity and assessment meat qualities by MD Berezovsky and B. Tyler and the most promising method BLUP. Methods. Comparison, zootechnical and biometric analyzes. Results. The breeding value of pigs of large white breed of the breeding farm of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region by modern effective methods, namely: BLUP. According to the average indicators of the combined assessment of own productivity of animals at control fattening, taking into account their live weight on the date of birth and weaning, average daily gain, live weight and age of 100 kg, body length and fat thickness, boars significantly outweighed pigs. Compared with pigs, their live weight at the date of birth and weaning (at the age of 30 days) was higher by 0.1 and 0.81 kg. The age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg exceeded by 5.43 days, the average daily gain of 0.016 kg. Live weight and body length of pigs on the date of fat thickness measurement was greater by 4.04 kg and 1.03 cm. Lifetime fat thickness at three measurement points at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, on the buttocks and in the midpoint of the back between withers and buttocks was thinner by 0.92; 0.94 and 1.06 mm. Evaluation indices of fattening and meat qualities by growth energy and fat thickness (Ia) and average daily gain and fat thickness (Iv) in boars indicate their higher level by 2.07 and 7.67 points compared to pigs and are equal to, respectively, 95.12 ± 1.95 and 152.96 ± 2.38 points. The coefficient of variability (Cv, %) of indicators of own productivity and estimated indices of fattening and meat qualities of repair boars ranged from 1.92% (body length on the date of fat thickness measurement, cm) to 15.12% (age of live weight 100 kg, days), repair pigs – from 4.63% (body length on the date of fat thickness measurement, cm) to 28.19% (index of assessment for growth energy and fat thickness, (Ia), points). The best average values of indicators of breeding value of animals are found on the basis of modern, most promising method BLUP, because it is considered in terms of mathematics, statistics and selection is the most accurate, well-founded, has the best theoretical basis and the lowest error variance. The average value of the BLUP index (parent lines) for boars of large white breed is 101.71 ± 1.681, pigs – 96.94 ± 0.724 points. At the same time, boars outweighed pigs by 4.77 points. The most positive correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning with their body length (r = 0.16), average daily gain (r = 0.19) and fat thickness (r = 0.24), the average correlation between the indices of fattening and meat qualities according to MD Berezovsky and B. Tyler (r = 0.56) P > 0.99 and the weak correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning and the BLUR index (r = 0,21) P > 0.99. It should be noted that there are almost no correlations between the fattening and meat quality indices of pigs and the BLUP index. Conclusions. In the conditions of breeding and specialized farms for the production of commercial pork in the region, to determine the breeding value of animals for further reproduction of their own herd and sale to other breeding farms of Ukraine, to systematically assess repair young animals for their own productivity and clear qualities of pigs and the most perfect BLUP index.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНО БЕЗПЕЧНИЙ СПОСІБ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРИМІЩЕННЯ ДЛЯ УТРИМАННЯ ПІДСИСНИХ СВИНОМАТОК

Підвищення енергоефективності свинарників-маточників при плануванні реконструкції маєпрактичне значення для виробництва. Це пов’язано з тим, що в Україні функціонують свинарські ферми і комплекси, які проєктувалися переважно за будівельними нормами 1995 року. Метою робо-ти було обґрунтувати екологічно безпечний спосіб підвищення енергоефективності приміщення дляутримання підсисних свиноматок та розробити алгоритм його визначення. У розв’язанні поставле-них завдань застосовано загальнонаукові (експеримент, аналіз, синтез) методи досліджень. Визна-чено геометричні, теплотехнічні та енергетичні характеристики свинарника-маточника. Установ-лено, що приміщення характеризується високим значенням (0,54 м-1) показника компактності. Вод-ночас теплоємність масова огороджувальних конструкцій у розрахунку на 1 м3 вентильованогооб’єму становила 0,08 МДж на 1 0 К, що свідчить про недостатню теплостійкість приміщення. Урезультаті за середньодобової температури зовнішнього повітря взимку мінус 2,9 0С температурау приміщенні знижувалася до 16,7 0С або була на 1,3 0С нижче мінімально допустимого значення згі-дно з нормативом ВНТП-АПК-02.05. За таких температурних характеристик приміщення уста-новлено вірогідно більше значення середньої живої маси поросяти при відлученні у весняний та літ-ній періоди відповідно на 0,19 та 0,29 кг порівняно із зимовим періодом (p<0,05 і 0,01). За такої умо-ви збереженість приплоду поросят була більшою на 3,8–4,6%. Обґрунтовано економічну ефектив-ність зовнішнього утеплення стін екологічно безпечним теплоізоляційним матеріалом Технофасефект товщиною 50 мм. Розроблено алгоритм для визначення енергоефективності свинарника-маточника. Її визначають за сумарним показником річного споживанням енергії, вираженої укВт•год, розділеної на добуток з вентильованого об’єму і коефіцієнту річної оборотності одногостанкомісця. Визначено, що теплова ізоляція стін опалюваного приміщення сприяє покращенню йогоенергетичних характеристик на 23,2 % з терміном окупності 39,3 місяця. Крім цього, теплова ізо-ляція відіграє важливе природоохоронне значення – економить 21,15 тис. кВт/год питомих витраттеплової енергії, що еквівалентно 7,42 т умовного палива.

ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНО-ГОСПОДАРСЬКА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТИПОВИХ СТАНКІВ ДЛЯ ДВОФАЗНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ СВИНЕЙ

Успішний розвиток галузі свинарства потребує постійного моніторингу технологічного обладнання, спрямованого на підвищення комфорту тварин. Особлива роль в цьому питанні належить створенню добробуту при утриманні підсисних свиноматок з поросятами. З метою визначення ефективності застосування типових станків ОСМ-60 і ОСМ-120 для двофазної технології вирощування свиней, нами проведено дослідження їх експлуатаційно-господарських особливостей. Встановлено, що поросята в період дорощування в станках ОСМ-60 на відпочинок, рух і поїдання корму затрачували 1062,55±17,83; 205,88±18,06; 171,57±6,15 хв., в станку ОСМ-120 – 1075,15±16,08; 201,67±18,66; 163,18±5,53 хв. Жива маса поросяти у віці 30 днів, які утримувалися в станках ОСМ-60 і ОСМ-120 склала 7,51±0,19; 7,21±0,13 кг, в 90 днів – 33,70±0,63; 31,51±0,58 кг. Збереженість поросят у підсисний період склала, відповідно, 91,66±5,02 і 89,58±4,41 %. Затрати праці на прибирання одного станка вдень склали, відповідно, 93,33±5,51 і 76,43±3,01 сек. Проведені дослідження дають підставу вважати, що конструктивні відмінності станків ОСМ-60 і ОСМ-120 не впливають на показники продуктивності тварин, але деякі параметри об’ємно-планувальних рішень потребують удосконалення за такими напрямами: покращення умов праці операторів, забезпечення стовідсоткової трансформації внутрішніх огороджень, розробка пристроїв для об’єднання декількох гнізд, годівлі поросят і свиноматок різними кормами та забезпечення рухової (ігрової) активності.

Hygienic assessment of water quality and its impact on the body of pigs

The results of research on the overall impact of drinking water quality, microclimate parameters and adopted in the farms of FE PE “Hlyniany Agro” and LLC “Miasni Resursy” options for growing weaned young (single- and three-phase) on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, the level of natural resistance and their growth indicates that single-phase cultivation is more favorable for the growth and development of young animals. This is confirmed by the live weight of animals at birth and at the age of 120 days. Thus, in the case of single-phase cultivation of FE PE “Glynyany Agro” the live weight of piglets at birth was 1.11 kg, and in the case of three-phase LLC “Miasni Resursy” – 1.07 kg. When the animals reached 120 days of age, the live weight of piglets was 53.2 kg in FE PE “Glynyany Agro” and 50.2 kg in LLC “Miasni Resursy”. It should be noted that according to most indicators, water quality in both farms is within acceptable limits of sanitary and hygienic requirements, although it needs to be improved. With regard to microclimatic indicators, an overestimated level of ammonia was found in FE PE “Glynyany Agro”, which exceeded the MPC by 6 and 3.33 mg/m3, respectively, in the lines and transition periods, and in LLC “Miasni Resursy” was close to its upper borders. In a farm with single-phase animal husbandry, a slight decrease in erythrocytes in the blood of piglets aged 30 and 60 days was found. Since the animals reached the 120th day of life, an increase in this indicator was noted and the number of erythrocytes in the blood of animals of both farms, within the physiological norm, was 6.47 T/l (FE PE “Hlyniany Agro”) and 7.31 T/l (Miasni Resursy LLC). The concentration of hemoglobin was low in animals of both farms, but the highest rates were in animals of FE PE “Hlyniany Agro” at 30 and 60 days of age, and at 120 days of age this figure (3.28 g/l) was higher already in piglets of Miasni Resursy LLC. The content of total protein in the blood of piglets from both farms was also low, but by the time the animals reached 120 days of age, it was already within the physiological norm. Violation of the albumin-globulin ratio with the vast majority of globulins was also noted. Regarding cellular immunity, it was noted that the content of T-lymphocytes only in animals 120 days of age was normal, exceeding the lower limit of physiological norm by 0.27 % in animals with FE PE “Hlyniany Agro” and 2.09 % in animals with Miasni Resursy LLC. Our research once again confirms that the health, growth, development, and productivity of animals are influenced by a number of factors, both hygienic and technological.

Live weight and livability of piglets received from sows with different duration of open days period and lactation

The most important element of pork production technology is the reproduction of the herd. Among all the reproductive traits of sows, there is a special emphasis on the heavy litter or live weight of piglets at birth, which largely determines the growth rate of young animals in further age periods. The livability of piglets ultimately determines how many young pigs will come to fattening and how much pork will be obtained. Therefore, the study of the reproductive traits of pigs is relevant for the theory and practice of pig breeding. The researches have been carried out under the environments of the reproductor of an industrial pig breeding complex, where the infl uence of the duration of the days open period and lactation of sows (suckling period) on their heavy litter and livability of piglets has been studied. The most signifi cant increase in sow fertility has been found, depending on the length of the days open period, when only one heat was missed. In the group of sows when weaning piglets at the age of 18, 21 and 24 days and the duration of the days open period of 21–28 days, the heavy litter was 0,054–0,197 kg more than when using sows with the days open period of 1–7 days. When inseminating sows with the days open period of 45 days or more compared to the group of sows with the days open period of 21–28 days, the increase in their heavy litter has not been observed. For example, the average heavy litter in the group of sows with the days open period of 45 days or more was 0,06 kg less than in sows with the days open period of 21–28 days. On average the groups of sows during insemination in the second heat after weaning piglets have shown the increase in heavy litter and livability of piglets compared to the group of sows without missing the heat. Sows inseminated in the second heat with the days open period of 21–28 days increased by 0.106 kg (P < 0,001) compared to the group of sows without heat missing. The researches have shown the increase in the livability of piglets in the groups of sows with the days open period of 21–24 and 45 days by more than 0,7–2,2 %, compared with the group of sows with the days open period of 1–7 days.

Development and reproductive qualities of sows of different breeds: innovative and traditional methods of assessment

Development and reproductive qualities of sows of different breeds: innovative and traditional methods of assessment

The influence of pregnancy duration of sows on the growth, development and livability of piglets during the pre-weaning period

The duration of gestation is one of the most important biological features of pigs, which affects the live weight of young animals at birth, the nature of their post-embryonic development, livability and future productivity, in particular the precocity and feed expenditures. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of the duration of sows’ gestation on the growth, development and livability of piglets during the pre-weaning period. The researches have been carried out on the basis of the farm of LLC “Russia” in the Mozhginsky district in the Udmurt Republic. Two groups of lactating sows of Large White breed have been formed for researches by using analogs method. The formation of groups of sows has been carried out taking into account the duration of gestation, age and number of farrows. It has been found as the result of the conducted researches that the piglets obtained from sows with the duration of gestation of 115,16 days significantly exceeded the herdmates born from sows with the duration of gestation of 110,08 days by live weight at birth by 6,40 %, live weight at weaning at the age of 30 days by 5,91 %, average daily gain by 5,85 % and the livability of piglets by 18,84 %. The indicator of the power of the influence of the duration of gestation on the live weight of piglets aged 30 days was 44,0 % with the Fischer confidence criterion (Fst) equal to 6,45 and the probability (reliability) of error-free forecasts at P > 0,99. The indicators of the power of the influence of the duration of pregnancy on the absolute and average daily weight gain, as well as on the number of piglets aged 30 days, respectively, were 43,0 and 46,0 %, with the Fisher confidence criteria of 6,26 and 6,91 and the probability of error-free forecasts P > 0,99 and P > 0,999, respectively. Positive correlation and regression coefficients have been found between the studied traits, which indicate that breeding for the duration of gestation will make it possible to increase the growth, development and livability of suckling piglets.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

Impact of milk and nutrient intake of piglets and sow milk composition on piglet growth and body composition at weaning

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of milk intake, milk composition, and nutrient intake on piglet growth in lactation and body composition at weaning. To evaluate the body composition of piglets, data from one experiment (44 Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc piglets) were used to develop prediction equations for body pools of fat, protein, ash, and water based on live weight and deuterium dilution space (exp. 1). Furthermore, a total of 294 piglets (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) from 21 sows of second parity were included in a second experiment (exp. 2). In exp. 2, piglet live weight was recorded on days 3, 10, 17, and 25 of lactation. On the same days, the milk intake and body composition were measured, using the deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution technique. Piglet weight gain was highly positively correlated with the intake of milk and the intake of milk constituents each week and on an overall basis having r values ranging from 0.65 to 0.93 (P < 0.001). When evaluating regressions for piglet growth, the milk intake in combination with the milk protein concentration explained 85% and 87% of the total variation in piglet gain in the second and third week of lactation, respectively, whereas milk intake was the only predictor of piglet gain in the first week of lactation explaining 81% of the variation. Fat, protein, and energy retention rates were all highly positively correlated with the daily intake of milk and intake of milk nutrients with r values ranging from 0.76 to 0.94 (P < 0.001). Piglet gain and retention rates were rather weakly correlated with the milk composition with r values ranging from 0.01 to 0.50 (being either negative or positive). Curvilinear response curves were fitted for live weight gain and body fat content at weaning in response to milk protein concentration, showing that live weight gain was slightly greater and body fat content was slightly lower at 4.9% milk protein, but it should be emphasized that the quadratic effects did not reach significance. Body fat content at weaning was positively related with the intake of milk (R2 = 0.44, P < 0.001) and milk fat (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.01). In conclusion, milk intake had a major impact on the piglet growth rate, and milk fat intake greatly influenced the body fat percentage at weaning, whereas milk composition per se only played a minor role for these traits.

RESULTS OF BREEDING VALUE EVALUATION OF SOWS WITH THE USE OF TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE METHODS

The article presents the results of research on the reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value, as well as determines the economic efficiency of their use in the industrial complex. The study was conducted in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region (LLC "Druzhba-Kaznacheyivka", LLC "Vidrodzhennia") and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution Institute of Grain Crops NAAS. The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS №30 "Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products" ("Pig breeding"). Evaluation of sows on the grounds of reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: fertility, head; high fertility, kg, number of piglets at weaning, head, nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 60 days (estimated), kg, safety, %. The breeding value of animals was determined by the multiplicity and weight of the nest at the time of weaning (according to Annex 7 of the Instructions for grading pigs) and the selection index of reproductive qualities of sows (SIVYAS). The index of alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at the time of their birth (ІВГ0) was calculated according to the method of V.I. Khalak (2012), the economic efficiency of research results - according to conventional methods. Biometric processing of research results was performed according to the methods of G.F. Lakin (1990). It was found that sows of the "elite" class were superior to peers of the "extracurricular" class in terms of multiplicity, several piglets at weaning, nest weight at weaning at 28 days and nest weight at weaning at 60 days (estimated) by an average of 28, 76%. The difference between sows of classes M + and M- (distribution class for SIVYAS) in terms of multiplicity, number of piglets at the time of weaning, the weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days and weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 60 days (estimated) is 34.32. 34.78, 27.60 and 28.30 %, respectively. The coefficients of pair correlation between the absolute indicators of reproductive qualities of sows, the index "alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at birth" and the selection index of reproductive qualities of sows (SIVYAS) at 83.33-100.0 % are reliable from -0.446 to +0.989. The criterion for the selection of highly productive animals according to the Instructions for grading pigs is the class "elite", according to the selection index of reproductive qualities of sows (SIVYAS) - 97.85-123.99 and more points. The use of sows of the class "elite" and М+ (according to SIVYAS) provides additional products at the level of +11.84 - 16.49 %.

Економічно ефективні методи оцінки племінної цінності свиней у племінних господарствах Хмельницької області

The results of estimation of breeding value for Large White and Poltava meat pig breeds in breeding farms of the region by cost-effective methods are presented, namely: combined assessment of repair young stock on person’s productivity, estimation indices of fattening and meat qualities and new method BLUP. The best indicators for assessing the breeding value of animals were found on the basis of using the modern, most promising method BLUP, as it is considered the most accurate. The average value of the BLUP index (parent lines) for boars of Large White breed is 101.71±1.681, pigs – 96.94±0.724 points and Poltava meat breed, respectively, 106.23±2.167 and 93.65±0.719 points. The most positive correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning with their body length (r=0.16), average daily gain (r=0.19) and fat thickness (r=0.24), average correlation between the indices of fattening and meat qualities according to Berezovskyi M.D. and Tailer B. (r=0.56) P&gt;0.99 and a weak correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning and the BLUR index (r=0.21) P&gt;0.99.

Репродуктивні якості свинок різних порід

Intensive managing of the pig industry requires the use of specialized high productive breeds of pigs, at the same time demanding the creation of optimal conditions for feeding and retention to show their reproductive capacity, especially at the beginning of their sexual cycle. The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between the reproductive qualities of gilts of different breeds with their hormonal background during the sexual cycle. The experiment was performed on clinically healthy pigs, selected on the principle of analogues in two experimental groups of 5 heads in each: the Pietrain breed and Large White breed. The evaluation of the hormonal status of pigs was carried out based on the results of the determination of the concentration of testosterone and estradiol in blood serum during diestrus and 24 hours after the establishment of standing reflex (estrus). Artificial insemination (intracervical) of the pigs was carried out after 24 and 36 hours after the establishment of a standing reflex, depending on the manifestation of the signs of the oestrus. The evaluation of reproductive qualities of the pigs was carried out according to their fertility, multiplicity and mass of piglets at weaning at two months of age. The experimental data obtained during our study testifies that the breed factor significantly influenced the time of the onset of the first oestrus - in the Large White breed on the 145th, and the Pietrain breed - on the 166th day of development of the pigs. With an increasing in the number of sexual cycles, in general, there was a normalization during the second sexual cycle in the direction of reduction - in the Large White breed - to 24 days, and the Pietrain breed – to 27 days. It was established that the pigs of Large White breed are fertilized by 15% better than pigs of Pietrain breed. The revealed differences are due to the peculiarities of their hormonal background. Thus, the factor of the genotype had a significant effect on the reduction of the testosterone content in the period of the oestrus by 16.6% in the Large White breed, while in the Pietrain breed - increasing of level of this hormone by 37.5%. The concentration of estradiol in the excitation phase increases almost equally in animals of both breeds, against a background of a sharp decrease (in comparison with diestrus) of the level of progesterone in the pigs of a Large White breed in 4 times (p <0.01), Pietrain breed in 3.2 times (p <0.05). A more pronounced relationship between the level of hormones with individual reproductive qualities in the piglets of the Pietrain breed, relatively to the Large White, was noted. The existence of a significant correlations between the level of progesterone in the piglets of the first genotype with the number of piglets at birth (r = 0.79), weaning (r = 0.68) and weight of the nest at 60 days of age (r = 0.70) were established. In sows of Large White breed, a significant effect of blood serum testosterone concentration on live weight of piglets at birth (r = 0.79) was founded.

INFLUENCE OF THE NEUROTROPIC-METABOLIC MEDICINES ON THE SOW’S PROLIFICACY

INFLUENCE OF THE NEUROTROPIC-METABOLIC MEDICINES ON THE SOW’S PROLIFICACY

The effectiveness of the use of probiotics in the feeding of growing of piglets

The influence of probiotic «Monosporin» on the growth performance of piglets using feed rations varying degrees of balance. Is defined nutrients of basic ratio which is used at the farm, and normalized by the inclusion of corn bran and premix «Tekro». It is shown that the use of the basic diet with probiotic live weight of piglets increased by 1.3% and the average daily weight gain of animals – by 1.7–2.3% over the control. By using normalized diet with probiotic preparations value of body weight and daily weight gain of young pigs increased by 13.2–18.7% and 19.4–39.2% respectively. Comparison of productivity indices of piglets who consumed diets normalized without probiotics and with probiotic, indicates a an increase of 3.0–6.5% and 7.5–11.7% in favor of the latter. Along with the increase of animal growth performance using normalized diets with probiotic preparation «Monosporin» costs of fodder units per 1 kg of gain is reduced by 25.3%. The results indicate that the effect of the use of probiotics is associated with the fact that increases the digestibility of feed, improving their digestibility, it activates the body's metabolism, stimulates the synthesis of amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and antibiotic substances that suppress pathogens and increase the overall resistance of the animal organism to viral diseases and various adverse (stressful) factors. In assessing the cost efficiency of using normalized ration with the addition of premix TM «Tekro» and probiotic «Monosporin» shows that in complex their application the best result is observed: the level of profitability of 47.7%, and the profit from the sale of 1 head – 185.09 UAH. While the profitability of pork production of using probiotic together with the basic feed ration is 7,8%.