Live-scan Research Articles

Deep Learning Ensemble Approach to Age Group Classification Based On Fingerprint Pattern

The age distribution of a population is extremely valuable to any business or country. In order to make decisions with regard to facility allocations and other social economic developmental issues, determination of age group distribution information is essential. The attempt to deceive others about one's age is a significant problem in the sporting world, as well as in other organizations and electoral processes. Therefore, there is a requirement for an age detection system, which is required to authenticate individual claims. Fingerprint-based age estimate research is scarce due to paucity of dataset. However, there are indications that fingerprints can reveal age demographic. This study's objective is to live-scan fingerprint images in order to identify age groups. This study proposed novel Dynamic Horizontal Voting Ensemble (DHVE) with Hybrid of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as the base learner. The method constructs a horizontal voting ensemble for prediction by dynamically determining proficient models based on the validation accuracy metric during base learner training on the training set. Accuracy, recall, precision, and the F1 score were employed as standard performance metrics to measures the model's performance analysis. According to this study, predicting individual age group was accurate to a degree of above 91%. The DHVE network performed well due to the design of the layers. Integration of dynamic selection approach to horizontal voting ensemble improved the average performance of the model output.

An effective latent fingerprint enhancement and recognition system using dictionary learning and LCPnet mechanisms

Latent fingerprint recognition plays an essential role for law enforcement agencies to detect criminals and security purposes. One of the key stages utilized in the latent fingerprint recognition model is to automatically learn consistent minutiae from fingerprint images. However, the existing state-of-the-art recognition approaches are not adequate since live-scan fingerprint images and enhancements are necessary for each step of the recognition process. Hence, an automated recognition system along with appropriate minutiae learning algorithm is required for matching the latent fingerprint exactly. In this paper, an efficient recognition system using dictionary learning and Local Context-Perception deep neural network (LCPnet) has been proposed to enhance the accuracy of latent fingerprint recognition. Primarily, the Total Variation decomposition model is utilized to remove the smooth background noise and dictionary learning contributes to the extraction of multiple patches. Afterward, the LCPnet is trained for 12 patch types to develop a salient minutiae descriptor where every descriptor is trained using LCPnet with a particular patch size at a location surrounding the minutiae. The proposed detection system has been tested through two latent public datasets. Here, three different types of templates (LCPnet minutiae, LCPnet texture, and LCPnet minutiae+texture) are analyzed for evaluating the proposed fingerprint detection system. The performance results manifest that the proposed system acquires a superior recognition accuracy of 99.44% and 99.58% under two different datasets.

On Matching Finger-Selfies Using Deep Scattering Networks

With the advancements in technology, smartphones’ capabilities have increased immensely. For instance, the smartphone cameras are being used for face and ocular biometric-based authentication. This research proposes finger-selfie based authentication mechanism, which uses a smartphone camera to acquire a selfie of a finger. In addition to personal device-level authentication, finger-selfies may also be matched with livescan fingerprints present in the legacy/national ID databases for remote or touchless authentication. We propose an algorithm which comprises segmentation, enhancement, Deep Scattering Network based feature extraction, and Random Decision Forest to authenticate finger-selfies. This paper also presents one of the largest finger-selfie database with over 19, 400 images. The images in the IIIT-D Smartphone Finger-selfie Database v2 are captured using multiple smartphones and include variations due to background, illumination, resolution, and sensors. Results and comparison with existing algorithms show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm which yields equal error rates in the range of 2.1 – 5.2% for different experimental protocols.

Towards smartphone-based touchless fingerprint recognition

The widely used conventional touch-based fingerprint identification system has drawbacks like the elastic deformation due to nonuniform pressure, fingerprints collection time and hygiene. To overcome these drawbacks, recently the touchless fingerprint technology is gaining popularity and various touchless fingerprint acquisition solutions have been proposed. Nowadays due to the wide use of the smartphone in various biometric applications, smartphone-based touchless fingerprint systems using an embedded camera have been proposed in the literature. These touchless fingerprint images are very different from conventional ink-based and live-scan fingerprints. Due to varying contrast, illumination and magnification, the existing touch-based fingerprint matchers do not perform well while extracting reliable minutiae features. A touchless fingerprint recognition system using a smartphone is proposed in this paper, which incorporates a novel monogenic-wavelet-based algorithm for enhancement of touchless fingerprints using phase congruency features. For the comparative performance analysis of our system, we created a new touchless fingerprint database using the developed android app and this is publicly made available along with its corresponding live-scan images for further research. The experimental results in both verification and identification mode on this database are obtained using three widely used touch-based fingerprint matchers. The results show a significant improvement in Rank-1 accuracy and equal error rate (EER) achieved using the proposed system and the results are comparable to that of the touch-based system.

A novel neural network based approach to latent overlapped fingerprints separation

Overlapped fingerprints are often found in latent fingerprints lifted from crime scenes and in live-scan fingerprint images when the surface of fingerprint sensors contains residues of fingerprints of previous users. Such overlapped fingerprints usually cannot be processed accurately by contemporary commercial fingerprint matchers, which has led many researchers to propose methods designed to separate the overlapped fingerprints. In this paper, we propose a novel latent overlapped fingerprints separation algorithm based on neural networks. Our algorithm works in a block-based fashion. After producing an initial estimation of the orientation fields present in the overlapped fingerprint image, it uses a neural network to separate the mixed orientation fields, which are then post-processed to correct remaining errors and enhanced using the global orientation field enhancement model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithm in terms of accuracy on the Tsinghua Overlapped Latent Fingerprint Database (containing real-world overlapped fingerprints obtained by forensic methods), while also showing encouraging results (second only to state-of-the-art) on the Tsinghua Simulated Overlapped Fingerprint Database (containing artificially overlapped fingerprints of a good quality).

Adaptive latent fingerprint segmentation using feature selection and random decision forest classification

Latent fingerprints are important evidences used by law enforcement agencies. However, current state-of-the-art for automatic latent fingerprint recognition is not as reliable as live-scan fingerprints and advancements are required in every step of the recognition pipeline. This research focuses on automatically segmenting latent fingerprints to distinguish between ridge and non-ridge patterns. There are three major contributions of this research: (i) a machine learning algorithm for combining five different categories of features for automatic latent fingerprint segmentation, (ii) a feature selection technique using modified RELIEF formulation for analyzing the influence of multiple category features on latent fingerprint segmentation, and (iii) a novel SIVV based metric to measure the effect of the segmentation algorithm without the requirement to perform the entire matching process. The image is tessellated into local patches and saliency based features along with image, gradient, ridge, and quality based features are extracted. Feature selection is performed to study the contribution of the various category features towards foreground ridge pattern representation. Using these selected features, a trained Random Decision Forest based algorithm classifies the local patches as background or foreground. The results on three publicly available databases demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Recognition of live-scan fingerprints with elastic distortions using correlation filters

A special NIST database of live-scan fingerprints with elastic distortion was prepared. It is used to evaluate the effect of elastic and other distortions on correlation filters. The need for normalized and finely or coarsely rotationally aligned data is addressed, and performance gains for various cases noted.

Performance of composite correlation filters in fingerprint verification

Biometric authentication can provide an added level of security and/or ease of convenience in access control applications. Fingerprints are a popular choice among the biometric features and have been successfully used in criminal identification. In access control applications, we are interested in obtaining digital live-scan fingerprints from sensors, rather than the inked fingerprints usually used in criminal identification. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of composite correlation filters in fingerprint verification for access control applications. The NIST Special Database 24, obtained from an optical fingerprint sensor, is used to evaluate the performance of fingerprint verification in the presence of distortion.

Dynamic Behavior Analysis in Compressed Fingerprint Videos

Traditional fingerprint acquisition is limited to single-image capture and processing. With the advent of faster capture hardware, faster processors, and advances in video compression standards, newer systems can capture and exploit video signals for tasks that are difficult using a single image. We propose the use of fingerprint video sequences to investigate detecting two aspects of the dynamic behavior of fingerprints. Specifically, we are interested in the detection of distortion of fingerprint impressions due to excessive force and the detection of the positioning of fingers during image capture. These issues often lead to difficulties in establishing a precise match between acquired images. The proposed techniques investigate dynamic characteristics of fingerprints across video sequence frames. A significant advantage of our approach for distortion analysis is that it works directly on MPEG-1,-2 encoded fingerprint video bitstreams. The proposed methods have been tested on the NIST-24 live-scan fingerprint video database and the results are promising. We also describe a new concept called the "resultant biometrics", a new type of biometrics which has both a physiological, physical (e.g., force, torque, linear motion, rotation) component and/or a temporal characteristic, added by a subject to an existing biometric. This resultant biometric is both desirable and efficient in terms of easy modification of compromised biometrics and is harder to produce with spoof body parts.

Serbia orders integrated ID system

The Republic of Serbia has ordered a US$21 million integrated identification system that will be used for both criminal and civil identification purposes. The system will include an automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS), facial and photo imaging and livescan fingerprint and palmprint scanning technologies. This is a short news story only. Visit www.compseconline.com for the latest computer security news.

Fingerprint indexing based on novel features of minutiae triplets

We are concerned with accurate and efficient indexing of fingerprint images. We present a model-based approach, which efficiently retrieves correct hypotheses using novel features of triangles formed by the triplets of minutiae as the basic representation unit. The triangle features that we use are its angles, handedness, type, direction, and maximum side. Geometric constraints based on other characteristics of minutiae are used to eliminate false correspondences. Experimental results on live-scan fingerprint images of varying quality and NIST special database 4 (NIST-4) show that our indexing approach efficiently narrows down the number of candidate hypotheses in the presence of translation, rotation, scale, shear, occlusion, and clutter. We also perform scientific experiments to compare the performance of our approach with another prominent indexing approach and show that the performance of our approach is better for both the live scan database and the ink based database NIST-4.