Liupan Mountains Research Articles

Asymmetrical introgression patterns between rusty-necklaced partridge (Alectoris magna) and chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) in China.

The rusty-necklaced partridge (Alectoris magna) and the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) are the most common gamebirds in northern China. Previous comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have revealed an introgression phenomenon between 2 species of partridge in the Liupan Mountain region of China. mtDNA is maternally inherited, making it difficult to determine the origin of parental genes. We assessed the genetic variation and gene flow between these 2 species of partridges using 8 microsatellite loci as neutral diagnostic markers in 171 samples from the hybrid zone. Our data revealed an extensive divergence of genetic structure between populations of rusty-necklaced partridges and chukar partridges. In this study, we found that 19 samples had been previously morphologically identified as rusty-necklaced partridge were genetically identified as hybrids through Bayesian analysis using STRUCTURE analysis. These hybrids exhibited a mosaic of alleles that were derived from both parental lineages. However, chukar partridges did not present the genotype of the rusty-necklaced partridge. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the hybridization between the 2 species was the result of asymmetrical introgression, with gene flow occurring only from the chukar partridge to the rusty-necklaced partridge. In addition, we also note the high linkage disequilibrium in populations of the rusty-necklaced partridge. These results indicate that although unidirectional introgression did not reduce genetic diversity of the Alectoris partridges, it affected the balance of gene flow between populations. The data from microsatellite DNA prompted our concern about the genetic integrity of the rusty-necklaced partridge.

六盘山四种森林生态系统的碳氮储量及组成与分布特征

Carbon( C) and nitrogen( N) are important elements of forest ecosystems,and quantifying C and N storage and distribution is a critical step for better understanding of C and N cycles in forest ecosystems. C and N pools in forests vary greatly,depending on the forest type,forest growth stage,and site quality. The mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal variation of C and N accumulation in forest ecosystems, especially in the northwestern China, have been sporadically investigated in the past. In this paper,the content,storage and distribution of C and N were investigated infour typical forests at the Liupan Mountains in Ningxia,northwestern China. The four forest types included Larix principisrupprechtii plantation,Pinus armandii secondary forest,Betula platyphylla secondary forest,and Prunus salicina shrubs.The concentrations of C and N were measured in different organs of the trees,and the contents of C and N in the vegetation layers of trees,shrubs,grasses,and layers of humus,and soil( 0—100 cm depth) were estimated. Storage,composition,and distribution of C and N in these ecosystems were examined. The results showed that the concentrations of C did not significantly differ among the different organs and tree species, but the concentration of N varied. The highest N concentration was found in the leaves and the lowest in the trunk. The contents of C and N were higher in the above-ground biomass than in the below-ground biomass for both shrubs and grasses. The C contents decreased in the order of tree layer shrub layer grass layer,but N contents increased in the order of tree layer shrub layer grass layer in the studied forests. The C content was lower in the humus layer than in each of the vegetation layers,but the situation was opposite for the N content. The contents of both C and N decreased with increasing soil depth. The total C storage in the four forest ecosystems was in the following order: B. platyphylla secondary forest( 640. 02 t / hm2) P. armandii secondary forest( 450. 98 t /hm2) L. principis-rupprechtii plantation( 364. 56 t /hm2) P. salicina shrub( 196. 55 t /hm2). The total N storage decreased from 47. 02 t / hm2 in B. platyphylla secondary forest to 36. 19 t / hm2 in P. armandii secondary forest,27. 86 t / hm2 in L. principis-rupprechtii plantation and 15. 99 t / hm2 in P. salicina shrub ecosystems in the study sites. The amount of C and N in the soil( 0—100 cm depth) accounted for the major proportion of the total C and N storage in the studied forest ecosystems,with the range of 84. 7% —93. 9% for C and 98. 1% —98. 6% for N for the four forest types. On average,the C / N ratio in the soil and in the entire ecosystem was 12. 48 and 13. 52 in B. platyphylla secondary forest,11.84 and 13. 12 in L. principis-rupprechtii plantation,11. 70 and 12. 29 in P. salicina shrub,and 10. 76 and 12. 56 in P.armandii secondary forest,respectively. In addition,the C / N ratio decreased gradually from the tree layer to shrub layer,grass layer,humus layer,and mineral soil layer. Our study demonstrated that various forest types had different ability for the sequestration and accumulation of C and N in the studied area.

Genetic diversity and historical demography of the narrow-range endemic Alpine toad, Scutiger liupanensis, in the Liupan Mountains of central China.

The genetic diversity and historical demography of the narrow-range endemic Alpine toad, Scutiger liupanensis, in the Liupanshan National Forest Park of central China were estimated using cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 85 individuals from five local populations. Both the haplotype diversity (Hd) and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) were very high. Phylogenetic analysis of the 63 haplotypes revealed two major clades, and an analysis of molecular variance attributed most of the variation to within populations. Mantel tests did not reveal an isolation by distance pattern of genetic divergence between populations, and SAMOVA showed no phylogeographic structure. The results of neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analyses, and allelic frequency spectra suggest that a sudden demographic expansion occurred, and that high genetic variation is beneficial to the survival and development of this species.

Vegetation and climate changes in the western Chinese Loess Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum

Pollen analysis was conducted for loess deposits from three sites in the western Chinese Loess Plateau, i.e. the loess area west of the Liupan Mountains. Results show that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), in-situ vegetation was dominated by Artemisia and some drought–tolerant species such as Echinops-type, Chenopodiaceae, Nitraria, and Ephedra, while coniferous forest (mainly Picea) flourished in nearby river valleys. During the Holocene Optimum, Picea almost disappeared, and Echinops-type, Chenopodiaceae, Nitraria and Ephedra decreased; vegetation was characterized by Artemisia, Taraxacum-type, Polygonaceae and Leguminosae, implying the climate was warmer and wetter than during the LGM. During the late Holocene, Chenopodiaceae, indicator of human–managed habitats, increased in the study area, indicating enhanced human activity.The climate was warmer and more humid in the loess areas east of the Liupan Mountains than in the west during both the LGM and Holocene Optimum. Likewise, a significant difference in specific plant types was observed between the east and west since the LGM. During the LGM, Pinus and some broadleaf trees emerged, but no Picea forest grew, while in the west, vegetation was characterized by desert shrub and desert steppe in situ, and by dark coniferous forests (mainly Picea) in nearby river valleys. During the Holocene Optimum, treeline advanced upward as a result of increased temperature. Picea thus withdrew from the western loess areas. Therefore, temperature is the major factor controlling the growth of Picea in the Chinese Loess Plateau.

The provenance of Gansu Group in Longxi region and implications for tectonics and paleoclimate

The Neogene sediments of Gansu Group from northwestern China contain eolian and fluvial deposits. The origins of these sediments are very important for exploring the onset of Asian inland aridification, the pattern of paleo-atmospheric circulation, and the regional tectonics and geomorphic evolution during the Miocene. Here we present detrital-zircon age spectra of typical eolian and fluvial deposits from highlands and subsidence basin, and compare them with those of surrounding eroded mountain (such as the West Qinling Mountains and Liupan Mountains) materials and Quaternary loess derived from the Asian inlands. The results reveal that (1) the detrital-zircon age spectrum of the Miocene eolian sample is remarkably different from the eroded materials of the West Qinling Mountains and the Miocene fluvial deposits from Tianshui region, but very similar to the Quaternary loess deposits. This indicates that the provenance of Miocene eolian sediments is similar with the Quaternary loess, and thus further confirms the previous conclusions that the distribution of Asian arid lands and the pattern of atmospheric circulation during the Miocene are broadly similar with the Quaternary. (2) The detrital-zircon age spectrum of the fluvial deposits (with age about 11.5 Ma) from Tianshui region is different from the eroded materials of West Qinling Mountains, but similar with that of the Liupan Mountains to the east, which may suggest that the Liupan Mountains have already been exhumed by 11.5 Ma.

Interannual variation of rain-use efficiency of three coniferous forests and their response to meteorological factors in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia

Interannual variation of rain-use efficiency of three coniferous forests and their response to meteorological factors in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia

Simulating the saturation threshold of a water environment’s response to tourist activities: A case study in the Liupan mountain eco-tourism area

The effect of tourism on water environments has received a high degree of interest in the study of eco-tourism. Based on the analysis of the relationship between tourist activities and the water environment in the Liupan Mountain eco-tourism zone, the case study area, a Water Environment of Tourism Area Model (WETAM) is built to simulate the temporal and spatial changes in water quality and the response saturation thresholds under four sewage treatment scenarios. The results imply the following: (1) WETAM performs well in modeling a water environment to represent the dynamic process of water quality change in response to tourist activities. (2) Under four sewage treatment scenarios (fundamental, low, medium, and high), the threshold shows an obvious uptrend. (3) The response threshold of water quality with respect to the interference of tourist activities fluctuates seasonally due to changes in tourist density. (4) The thresholds differ significantly among five tourism functional areas. According to the response saturation threshold of the water environment, effective control based on the scale and intensity of tourist activities is important for a successful transformation of this tourism destination’s development strategies. Therefore, the integrated management of water pollution in tourism areas plays a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.

六盘山森林植被碳密度空间分布特征及其成因分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 六盘山森林植被碳密度空间分布特征及其成因 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201302230291 作者: 作者单位: 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京,江西省林业勘察设计院 江西南昌,宁夏六盘山林业局 宁夏泾源,宁夏六盘山林业局 宁夏泾源,宁夏六盘山林业局 宁夏泾源,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室 北京 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41071023,41230852);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(201104005,200904056);科技部"十二五"国家科技计划课题(2012BAD22B030102,2011BAD38B0503);中国森林生态系统定位研究网络(CFERN)宁夏六盘山森林生态定位站和国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室联合资助 Spatial distribution of carbon density for forest vegetation and the influencing factors in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia, NW China Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration,The Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration,The Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration,The Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Jiangxi Forest Inventory,Ningxia Liupanshan Bureau of Forestry,Jingyuan Ningxia,Ningxia Liupanshan Bureau of Forestry,Jingyuan Ningxia,Ningxia Liupanshan Bureau of Forestry,Jingyuan Ningxia,Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration,The Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration,The Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:深入了解干旱缺水地区森林植被碳密度的空间分布特征是定量评价森林固碳能力、合理协调林水矛盾的重要基础.然而,目前有关干旱缺水地区的植被碳密度的研究仅限于典型样地上的碳储量、碳密度的比较,对区域尺度上森林植被碳密度的空间分布特征了解较少.为此,利用宁夏六盘山自然保护区2005年森林资源一类清查数据,计算了森林植被碳密度,并分析了其与林分结构特征和环境因子的关系.结果表明,六盘山的森林植被碳密度(t/hm2)平均为26.17(0.67-120.63),其中天然次生林为30.2(7.6-120.6),显著高于人工林的15.7(0.67-66.7).森林植被碳密度随林龄增加而线性增大,天然林和人工林的平均增速分别为1.11和2.48 t hm-2 a-1,而且,部分未成熟林的林分植被碳密度已接近甚至超过全国同类森林类型成熟林的植被碳密度平均值.随林分密度增加,森林植被碳密度增大,但在林分密度>1000株/hm2后,森林植被碳密度不再增大,达到其最大值,其中,天然林为75.4 t/hm2,人工林为34.6 t/hm2;林冠郁闭度对森林植被碳密度的影响与林分密度相似,森林植被碳密度增长的郁闭度拐点为0.5.水分条件是影响六盘山森林植被碳密度的重要因素,森林植被碳密度(t/hm2)由700 mm 以上地点的32.5(7.6-120.6)下降至年降水量500-600 mm地点的10.9(0.67-42.9),而且随年降水量减少,最大森林植被碳密度所对应的海拔高度呈增加趋势,如在年降水量为 > 700、600-700和 < 600 mm的地区,最大碳密度所在海拔高度分别为1900-2100、2100-2300和 2300-2500 m.综上所述,研究区森林植被还有较大的固碳潜力,从提高森林固碳功能角度来看,林分郁闭度不宜超过0.5. Abstract:In arid regions, the conflict between forest carbon sequestration and its water consuming has severely limited regional sustainable development. Deeply understanding of the spatial distribution of vegetation carbon density for forest vegetation is essential for quantitative evaluation of forest carbon sequestration capacity and the carrying out of water-forest integrated watershed management. However, most former studies mainly focused on the comparison of carbon density among typical sample plots. The spatial distribution of carbon density for forest vegetation and its causes were still unclear. In present study, the vegetation carbon density for forest and its variation with forest structure and site conditions were analyzed based on the data of forest resources inventory in 2005 for Liupan Mountains, northwest China and the data of carbon content and the biomass regression models from published papers. The results showed that the average of carbon density for forests in Liupan Mountains was 26.7 t/hm2 with a variation from 0.7 to 120.6 t/hm2, of which 69.4% (8.86%-99.2%) was stored in tree layer, 25.6% (1.6%-88.1%) in shrub layer, and 4.7% (0.12%-32.3%) in herb layer. The ratio of carbon density for tree layer to the total vegetation carbon density rose with the increase of total vegetation carbon density,while the ratio for shrub layer and herb layer sharply declined. The average carbon density was 35.1 t/hm2 for natural secondary forest. The average carbon density among the key natural secondary forest varied from 43.4 t/hm2 for Quercus liaotungernsis forest, 35.9 t/hm2 for Salix cathayana forest, 28.4 t/hm2 for Betula spp. forest to 22.3 t/hm2 for Populus davidiana forest. The carbon density of artifical plantation was very low with a mean value of 15.7 t/hm2 (0.67-66.7 t/hm2) which was significantly lower than 35.1 t/hm2 of natural secondary forest. The carbon density of forest stand increased linearly with the increase of stand age by the rate of 1.11 and 2.48 t hm-2 a-1 for natural secondary forest and artificial plantation, respectively. There was a tree density threshold of 1000 trees·hm-2 and a threshold of 0.5 for canopy density of forest vegetation. When either tree density or canopy density increased beneath the values of two thresholds, the carbon density of forest stand would increase sharply. Once either tree density or canopy density of forest stand reached and exceeded these threshold values, the carbon density of forest stand would meet its maximum and increase no more. The maximum carbon density was 75.4 t/hm2 and 34.6 t/hm2 for natural secondary forests and plantations, respectively. The carbon density of forest stand increased sharply with the increase of annual precipitation. The maximum of carbon density for forest stand occured on the altitude of 1900 -2100 m, 2100 -2300 m, 2300 -2500 m in the areas of Liupan Mountains with annual precipitation > 700 mm, 600-700 mm, < 600 mm, respectively. It was concluded that water condition was the determinant for forest vegetation carbon density in Liupan Mountains. The canopy density of forest stands in the areas like Liupan Mountains should be kept about 0.5 for carbon sequestration. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A New Species Of The Genus Allochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) From Liupan Mountains, China, With The Description Of The Male Of Allochthonius Brevitus

A new pseudoscorpion species, Allochthonius (Allochthonius) jingyuanus sp. n., is described and illustrated from Liupan Mountains, China. The hitherto unknown male of Allochthonius (Urochthonius) brevitus Hu et Zhang, 2012 is described and illustrated.

The Worship of Chinggis Khan: Ethnicity, Nation-State and Situational Relativity

A human belief system is interlocking psychological network that provides spiritual support for a community. Among modern beliefs, nationalism stands out and, according to authors such Benedict Anderson, (1) it has replaced religion in creating imagined communities. However, even when people are imagining their communities, they still rely on a kind of religion or belief. This is borne out by the manipulative semiotics of Chinggis both politically and ritualistically, and ethnic communities and superpowers, whereby a new dimension has been analysed in detail by authors of Inner Mongolian background. Almaz Khan traces the process through which the cult and symbolism of Chinggis Khan has evolved and become popularised a universal discourse of sociopolitical significance, and that currently functions as one of the basic identity symbols for both Inner and Outer Mongols. (2) Nasan Bayar describes the multipurpose visits to the Chinggis Khan Mausoleum by Mongolians and non-Mongolians and believes that the cult of Chinggis Khan is the worship of the modern Chinese state and economic power under its sponsorship; (3) and Uradyn E. Bulag examines the various contesting roles of Chinggis Khan imagined, constructed, appropriated and manipulated by Japan, China, Russia and Mongolia to serve different ethnopolitical or geopolitical purposes. (4) To add more weight to the semiotics discourse, I join Almaz Nasan Bayar and Uradyn E. Bulag in further exploring the political meanings of ritualism, past and present, dedicated to Chinggis Khan. My argument is that ritualisation of Chinggis Khan worship, a form of intuitive and reflective belief, (5) is indexical to the vicissitudes of the nationality (minzu) relationship in China and beyond in the process of nation-building. The analysis also helps unveil China's nationalistic dilemma for which different semiotic ideologies (6) and their relevant practices are responsible. Modern China remains polyphonic due to its history, having been ruled by the Mongols and Manchu, and also due to its plural society made up of 55 national minorities identified by the central government. While the Chinggis Khan Mausoleum, located in Ordos of Inner Mongolia, is a memorial to the great conqueror, his burial site is difficult to locate. Different exploration projects from different countries with different backgrounds came up with various possible locations. ABC Online reported (18 August 2001), an expedition of American and Mongolian archaeologists believes that it has discovered the burial place of the 13th century conqueror, Genghis Khan, the site is 320 kilometres northeast of Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. (7) However, the tomb was later verified to belong to a Hun nobility. (8) Then on 6 October 2004, a joint expedition of Japan and Mongolia claimed to have found a soul temple built for Chinggis and that his burial site was within the 12-kilometre radius of the temple, about 150 miles from Ulaanbaatar. (9) There are four conjectures regarding the burial site of Chinggis Khan: (10) a) in area south of the Khentii Mountains and north of the Kerulen River; b) in Ordos of Inner Mongolia, the People's Republic of China; c) in the Altaic Mountains of Xinjiang, PRC; and d) the Liupan Mountains of Ningxia, PRC. In the same vein, the interpretation of Chinggis Khan icon is also situational and is negotiated along the dimension of ethnicity and nation-state. To the Mongols, Chinggis Khan is a symbol that syncretises, quite selectively, beliefs and elements of shamanism, Buddhism, ethnicity, ancestral connection and dignity. The Chinese state attaches value to the image of Chinggis regarding it symbolic capital that can be invested for various strategic purposes, and to when and where to resurrect the image of Chinggis Khan is a matter of calculation. There are thus two types of situational relativity, each serving a different purpose: one involves the Mongolian ethnicity while the other concerns the strategic interests of geopolitical powers such Soviet Russia, Japan and China. …

Population Genetic Structures of Puccinia striiformis in Ningxia and Gansu Provinces of China.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive plant diseases in China. Gansu and Ningxia Provinces are considered to be the key areas for over-summering of this pathogen in China. In this study, 283 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates were collected in these two provinces. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyze the population genetics and to infer the chance of population exchanges between different geographic locations and seasons. The genotypic diversity of the Gansu population (0.514) was slightly higher than that of the Ningxia population (0.489). The occurrence of frequent population exchanges between these two regions was observed, showing that 40 AFLP genotypes were shared by the populations of the two provinces. Gene flow between these two regions in autumn and spring subpopulations was also detected. The genotype distribution in three populations of Ningxia from opposite sides of the Liupan Mountains revealed possible significant effects of the mountains on limiting gene flow and population exchange. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the possibility of recombination in some of the studied subpopulations in both provinces.

The effect of site conditions on flow after forestation in a dryland region of China

Although forestation has been encouraged worldwide for the benefit of forest ecosystem services, it can lead to a reduction in runoff. As site conditions also strongly contribute to this runoff reduction, site selection has been suggested in order to mitigate this negative effect of forestation. Up to now it is not clear, however, which catchment parameters play key roles in the water budget and runoff responses to forestation. In this study, two plots within an experimental basin in the Liupan Mountains, NW China, were chosen, and the eco-hydrological model BROOK90 (Version 3.25) was used to quantify the effects of slope (gradient, aspect) and soil (thickness) parameters on water flow after forestation. The simulation showed that the annual flow in a larch plantation was strongly affected by soil thickness and lightly affected by aspect and gradient. When the soil thickness increased from 30cm to 70cm, the annual flow in the larch plantation rapidly declined from 91mm/yr to 56mm/yr. When the soil depth was greater than 70cm, however, the annual runoff was no longer sensitive to soil thickness. With respect to a forestation strategy, this means that trees preferentially should be planted on sites with thinner soil so as to lessen the impact of runoff reduction after forestation and, thus, alleviate the forest-water conflicts in dryland regions. The trade-off between a possible reduction in tree-growth on thinner soil on the one hand and an increase in runoff on the other, however, remains an open question for future interdisciplinary research.

宁夏贺兰山、六盘山典型森林类型土壤主要肥力特征

采用野外调查结合室内分析的方法,对该区域典型森林类型下土壤的主要剖面肥力特征进行了研究,并对主要理化指标进行了因子分析。结果表明:受森林凋落物的累积、分解和成土母质、气候条件的影响,贺兰山、六盘山主要森林土壤的剖面肥力具有明显差异。其中,土壤孔隙度 (54.50%-72.22%,剖面均值,下同) 受有机质影响显著,随土层加深逐渐减小,容重 (0.72-1.21 g/cm³)、比重 (2.55-2.68 g/cm³) 随土层加深显著增大,且六盘山各样地比重大于贺兰山。受有机质归还作用影响,有机碳 (24.03-65.37 g/kg)、全N (1.48-3.49 g/kg)、NO^-₃-N (1.88-10.50 mg/kg)、NH⁺₄-N (5.02-11.01 mg/kg)、全P (0.37-1.19 g/kg)、有效P (4.82-13.38 mg/kg)、速效K含量 (82.03-244.62 mg/kg) 均随土层加深逐渐降低;全K含量 (18.92-26.14 g/kg) 随土层加深逐渐增大,且六盘山各样地全K含量大于贺兰山。土壤C/N (11.74-19.88) 呈现B层>C层>A层,且贺兰山各样地C/N大于六盘山。土壤CEC (23.94-40.30 cmol/kg) 受有机质的主导作用明显,随土层加深显著减小,pH值 (7.09-8.09)、ESP (0.59%-2.47%)及BSP (51.24%-80.57%) 均随土层加深逐渐增大,且贺兰山各样地pH值、ESP大于六盘山。粘粒 (5.46%-10.20%)、TDS (0.33-1.12 g/kg) 及CaCO₃ (1.44-14.23 g/kg) 均未出现明显积聚,且贺兰山各样地TDS、CaCO₃含量大于六盘山。因子分析显示,对于该区域各样地土壤的肥力特征,可以应用有机质因子、环境因子和NO^-₃-N因子进行综合描述。其中青海云杉、山杨混交林下土壤的有机质因子得分最高,贺兰山各样地环境因子得分显著大于六盘山,NO^-₃-N因子得分则以小叶金露梅灌丛和华北落叶松天然林最高。;The main areas of forest in Ningxia Province lie in the Helan and Liupan mountain ranges. These forests have important ecological and economic significance. The fertility of forest soil in these areas has not been systematically studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil fertility under six forest types in the Su-Yukou forest zone of the Helan mountain range and in the Xi-Xia and Die-Diegou forest zones of the Liupan mountain range. The natural forest types were <em>Pinus tabulaeformis</em> × <em>Populus davidiana</em>, <em>Picea crassifolia</em> × <em>Populus davidiana</em>, <em>Potentilla parvifolia</em>, and <em>Larix principis-rupprechtii</em>. The planted forest types were <em>Quercus liaotungensis</em> and <em>Larix principis-rupprechtii</em>. Five separate profiles (replications) were sampled in an 'S' pattern for each soil type. The profiles were divided into A, B, and C horizons and then sampled, making a total of 18 soil samples. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured with conventional methods. The results were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance. Differences among forest types and soil horizons were analyzed with Duncan's test (SSR). Soil fertility characteristics were evaluated using principal component analysis. The results indicated significant differences in soil fertility under the six forest types. These differences can probably be attributed to differences in the accumulation and decomposition of forest litter, in soil parent material, or in climatic conditions. Soil porosity ranged from 54.5 to 72.2% and decreased as soil depth increased. Soil bulk density ranged from 0.72 to 1.21 g/cm³ and particle density ranged from 2.55 to 2.68 g/cm³. Soil bulk density and particle density both increased as soil depth increased. Soil particle density in the Liupan mountains was higher than that in the Helan mountains. Soil organic C (24.03-65.37 g/kg), total N (1.48-3.49 g/kg), NO^-₃-N (1.88-10.50 mg/kg), NH⁺₄-N (5.02-11.01 mg/kg), total P (0.37-1.19 g/kg), available P (4.82-13.38 mg/kg), and available K (82.03-244.62 mg/kg) increased as soil depth increased. Total K (18.92-26.14 g/kg) increased as soil depth increased. Total K concentrations were higher in soil from the Liupan mountains than in soil from the Helan mountains. The soil C : N ratio (11.74 to 19.88) tended to be highest in the B horizon followed by the C and A horizons. The cation exchange capacity (23.94-40.30 cmol/kg) decreased as soil depth increased. In contrast, soil pH (7.09-8.09), exchangeable sodium percentage (0.59%-2.47%) and base saturation percentage (51.24%-80.57%) increased as soil depth increased. Clay content (5.46%-10.20%), total dissolved salt, (0.33-1.12 g/kg), and CaCO₃ content (1.44-14.23 g/kg) did not change significantly with soil depth. The soil C : N ratio, pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, total dissolved salt, and CaCO₃ content of soil from the Helan mountains was higher than that of soil from the Liupan mountains. Factor analysis was used to describe soil fertility under the six forest types. Three soil fertility components (organic matter factor, environmental factor, and NO^-₃-N factor) were derived from 14 physico-chemical soil properties. Component scores showed significant differences among the three fertility components under different forest types. The soil under the <em>Picea crassifolia</em> × <em>Populus davidiana</em> forest had the highest component score for the organic matter factor. Soils from the Helan mountain range had the highest component score for the environmental factor, and soil from the natural <em>Potentilla parvifolia</em> and <em>Larix principis-rupprechtii</em> forest had the highest component score for the NO^-₃-N factor.

宁夏六盘山三种针叶林初级净生产力年际变化及其气象因子响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 宁夏六盘山三种针叶林初级净生产力年际变化及其气象因子响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201211041533 作者: 作者单位: 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院荒漠化所,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家"十二五"科技计划课题(2011BAD38B0503,2012BAD22B030102);国家自然科学基金项目(41230852,41071023);宁夏六盘山森林生态站资助 The interannual variation of net primary productivity of three coniferous forests in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia and its responses to climatic factors Author: Affiliation: Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Desertification Studies,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:利用年轮生态学方法和生物量经验方程,在宁夏六盘山研究了华山松天然林及华北落叶松和油松人工林等3种针叶林的年初级净生产力(NPP)及其与气象因子间的关系。研究表明:3种针叶林生物量的年际变化均符合逻辑斯蒂方程,林分的现存生物量(t/hm2)为华北落叶松林最大(141.96),华山松林(130.99)次之,油松林最小(123.29)。3种针叶林NPP存在显著的年际差异和种间差异,林分的NPP(t·hm-2·a-1)为华北落叶松林(6.72)>油松林(5.76)>华山松林(2.66);NPP年际变化在华山松林呈现"快速增加-缓慢增加-缓慢减小"的趋势,而华北落叶松林和油松林为快速上升的趋势。3种针叶林的NPP随年降水量的变化行为不同,华山松林极轻微地增大,华北落叶松林和油松林均是先增加后降低;然而在极端干旱年份或极端湿润年份,3种针叶林的NPP都趋向于相同的较低值,其原因可能分别是水分胁迫和低温胁迫。气象因子对林分NPP的影响具明显的"滞后效应"和种间差异。华山松林NPP与上年11月和当年9、11月的降水量显著负相关;油松林NPP与上年9月及当年4月的降水量显著相关;上年和当年9月的降水量均与华北落叶松林NPP显著正相关。上年6月的温度和当年3与6月的月均温及月均最高温能显著影响3种针叶林的NPP,但存在种间差异,其中华山松林NPP与当年与上年生长季各月的温度均呈不同程度的负相关,而油松林和华北落叶松林则多呈不同程度的正相关。 Abstract:Using dendroecological methods and empirical biomass equations, we calculated the biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) of three coniferous forests (Pinus armandii natural forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation, Pinus tablaeformis plantation) in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia, northwest China. Then we analyzed their relation with climatic factors, including monthly air temperature and precipitation. The results indicated that the interannual variation of biomass (t/hm2) of the three forests studied follows the logistic equation, with the order of L. principis-rupprechtii plantation (141.96) > P. armandii natural forest (130.99) > P. tablaeformis plantation (123.29). The interannual variation of NPP of P. armandii natural forest showed a trend of "fast increase-slow increase-slow decrease"; while the variation of NPP of other two plantations showed a trend of "rapid rising" with some fluctuations. There is a remarkable difference among the NPP (t·hm-2·a-1) of the three forests, with the order of L. principis-rupprechtii plantation (6.72)>P.tablaeformis plantation (5.76) > P. armandii natural forest (2.66). With increasing annual precipitation, the NPP varied much differently among the three forests, i.e., the NPP of P. armandii forest increased very slowly, but the NPP of other two plantations firstly increased and then decreased. However, in the driest or the rainfall-richest years, the NPPs of all three forests tended to their same lower values, but probably with different stresses of drought or low temperatur. The NPP response to climatic factors presnted a time lag and acted differently among the three forests. The NPP of P.armandii forest was significantly and negatively correlated with the precipitation in November of previous year and that in November and September of current year; while the NPP of P. tablaeformis plantation was significantly correlated with the precipitation in September of previous year and that in April in current year, and the NPP of L.principis-rupprechtii plantation was significantly and positively correlated with the precipitation in September of both previous and current year. The NPP of all three forests was significantly correlated with the mean temperature and minimum temperature in June and March of current year, and the temperature in June of previous year. However, the NPP response to temperature differently among the three forests, the NPP of P.armandii forest was more or less negatively correlated with the temperature in each month of growing season; while the NPP of P.tablaeformis and L.principis-rupprechtii forests was more or less positively correlated with the temperature in each month of gowth season. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Changes in Spatiotemporal Land Use Patterns in Selected Hydrogeomorphic Areas of China and the USA

Differences exist in land use/cover pattern and its change between the P. R. China and the USA. In order to describe those differences, land use changes in representative regions were quantitatively analyzed and compared. Xiamen City, Changzhutan region and Liupan Mountains regions were selected to represent three different hydrogeomorphic areas of eastern, central, and western China, respectively, while the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) located in the north-central part of Mississippi in the bluff hills just east of the Mississippi River floodplain was chosen in the USA. By integrating historical Landsat TM imagery and geographical information system data, the spatiotemporal land use dynamics and conversion of land use in China and the USA between 1980 and 2010 were explored and compared. Results indicated an urban sprawl in eastern and central China, which encroached upon large amount of cropland, forest land and grassland. On the other hand, western China reclaimed cropland from grassland, forest land, which led to severe soil erosion between 1990 and 2000. Goodwin Creek Watershed of the USA converted 73.3% of the lost cropland into forest land, pasture and idle land, which accounted for about 90% in 2010. Further, counter-urbanization occurs in the GCEW due to favorable eco-environment for living. Compared with the land dynamic degree of the GCEW, eastern China is greater than it; western China is smaller than it while central China is almost equal to it. And the land use intensity index of GCEW is smaller than that of China all these years. Eastern China advocated ecological civilization in 2007 to meet the serious challenges of sustainable development. Western China started the Return of Land from Farming to Forestry and Grassland Project in 2000. The Changzhutan region in central China is served as the resource-saving and environment-friendly community in 2007, which will be favorable for the sustainable land utilization and protection of ecology. From the eco-environmental view, China might use the experience of USA for future reference.

Magnetic characteristics and palaeoenvironment reconstructions over the past 6200 years of Lake Tianchi of Liupan Mountain

本文对六盘山天池长11 m的GSA孔湖泊沉积岩芯样品进行了磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、等温剩磁测试.结果表明GSA孔岩芯磁性矿物主要是亚铁磁性及反铁磁性矿物.六盘山天池湖泊沉积物的磁性参数变化主要受控于两种模式:整体而言,高(低)粉尘输入指示了夏季风弱(强),成壤作用强(弱)指示夏季风强(弱).质量磁化率χ等参数清晰地记录了6200年来六盘山天池地区的气候变化历史,可分为6200 1300 cal a B.P.及1300 cal a B.P.至今两个阶段.6200年来的六盘山天池湖泊沉积物磁学数据在千年时间尺度上基本与东部季风区变化趋势相似.但是在百年时间尺度上有着较大的差异,这是由于六盘山天池地区的气候变化不仅仅受控于夏季风,同时还受到人类活动导致的黄土高原植被覆盖变化、冬季风变化等因素的影响.;In this paper we studied the core GSA (11 m) which was taken from Lake Tianchi of Liupan Mountain in the areas of magnetic susceptibility,anhysteretic remanent magnetisation,and isothermal remnant magnetization.The results show there are two kinds of magnetic minerals in the GSA: ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetism.The changes of sedimentary magnetic characteristics of Lake Tianchi are dominated by two patterns: high (low) dust input showing weak (strong) summer monsoon,and strong (weak) soil development showing strong (weak) summer monsoon.Magnetic susceptibility χ,which has recorded the climate change history of study area,can be divided into two parts: from 6200 to 1300 cal a B.P.,from 1300 cal a B.P.to present.The climate changes in the past 6200 years in the study area were similar to that in the monsoon area in millennial time scales,but much different in century time scales.The reasons could be that the climate of study area was not only controlled by summer monsoon,but also by other factors,such as winter monsoon and human activities which lead to the changes in vegetation of the Loess Plateau.

Paleomonsoon route reconstruction along a W–E transect in the Chinese Loess Plateau using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: summer monsoon model

article i nfo The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was investigated in three Chinese Loess Plateau sedimentary sections along a W-E transect (400 km). The loess-paleosol sequences in our study represent the most recent 130 kyr interval. The measured AMS was compared to expected theoretically derived magnetic fabrics occurring in strong and weak current airflow conditions. The major and minor AMS ellipsoid axis orientations were used to evaluate the paleowind direction along the transect. Previously published models assumed that cold and dry winter monsoons bringing dust from northwestern desert areas were responsible for the magnetic fabric formation of loess sequences. In our new interpretation, the stronger summer monsoons from the southeast played the major role in magnetic fabric orientation in the studied west and central parts of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Although the material was brought to the area by the winter monsoon, the AMS was generated during the rainy summer monsoon when the sedimentary particles including magnetite were rearranged, settled, and fixed. We reconstruct the summer paleomonsoon routes for the last 130 kyr. These winds prevail from SE to NW but appear to be affected by regional topographic factors. In the western section, the corridor between the north and south Liupan Mountains disturbed the summer monsoon route, shifting it from SE to SEE.

Seed predation and removal of &lt;I&gt;Quercus wutaishanica, Prunus salicina&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Pinus armandii&lt;/I&gt; by rodents in the Liupan Mountains

We established a field experiment to explore effects of different releasing methods and coverage treatments on predation and removal of Quercus wutaishanica, Prunus salicina and Pinus armandii seeds by rodents. We used three release (separately releasing, assembly releasing, and blend releasing) and cover (control, litter coverage, and soil coverage) treatments in young Q. wutaishanica stands in the Liupan Mountains of Ningxia in spring 2010. We detected significant effects of seeds of different species, release methods, and coverage treatments on the in situ seed predation rate. Seed predation and hoarding rates after removal by rodents were influenced by seed size, thickness and hardness of seed testa (endocarp), release methods, and coverage treatments. Although the average distance of seed movement during predation and hoarding events was within 5 m, the hoarding distance was longer than the predation distance for all three species. Specifically, we found that the predation distance of P. armandii seeds was significantly longer than those of Q. wutaishanica and P. salicina seeds, whereas the hoarding distance of the former was significantly shorter than the other two species. Sites that rodents used as predation and cache sites tended to contain only a single seed at a majority of the detected cache and predation sites. Soil burial was the primary strategy that rodents used to cache seeds. In summary, seed physical characteristics, distributional patterns, and ground coverage 428 生 物 多 样 性 Biodiversity Science 第 20卷 in forest communities may affect seed predation and hoarding behaviors of rodents by extending seed handling time and increasing predation risk of estimation by rodents and as a result, determined seed fates.

Effects of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau uplift and environmental changes on phylogeographic structure of the Daurian Partridge (Perdix dauuricae) in China

Data from eight microsatellite loci were used to assess the evolutionary demographic processes of Daurian Partridges from 285 individuals distributed among 23 populations throughout much of the species’ distribution range in China. Phylogenetic analysis using microsatellite DNA data indicated that the species were geographically structured and were split into two distinctive phylogroups A and B, splitting partridges geographically from high plateaus vs. lowlands in northern China with high bootstrap support in phylogenetic trees. Each of cluster A and cluster B was comprised with two subgroups respectively. Cluster A was further subdivided into the Loess Plateau group and the Qinghai–Tibetan group. Two subgroups of cluster B corresponded to populations of Liupan Mountains and northern China, respectively. This subdivision was confirmed by Bayesian clustering and population assignment analyses of microsatellite genotypes which indicated strong isolation of these groups/populations. Our results suggested that the vicariance patterns of genetic structures of Daurian Partridge may have resulted from: (1) the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the Loess Plateau followed by the increased aridification and desertification in northern China in Middle Pleistocene, (2) the monsoon and the existence of Qinling Mountains and Liupan Mountains, and (3) the glacial cycles from the late of Middle Pleistocene to early of Late Pleistocene. In addition, BOTTLENECK analysis indicated that Daurian Partridge had been experienced recent evolutionary bottlenecks.

On the subfamilial assignment of Platybunoides (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Phalangiidae), with the description of a new species from China

Platybunoides Šilhavý, 1955, currently included in the subfamily Platybuninae Staręga, 1976, is reassigned to Phalangii-nae Latreille, 1802 for the absence of ventral spur in proximal segment of chelicerae, the absence of ventral thorns on pe-dipalpal femur, and the presence of distomesal bump on pedipalpal patella and tibia. A new species, Platybunoides songisp. nov., from Liupan Mountain, Ningxia, China, is described and can be recognized by having a large ocularium, unarmed pedipalps, hairs being restricted to ventral femur, and the presence of a small bump distally on prolateral femur.