Litura Larvae Research Articles

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and testing its insecticidal efficacy on Spodoptera litura larvae.

Spodoptera litura, one of the polyphagous pests, causes huge economical lose and use of chemical pesticide causes impact to the environmental. The present study deals with the use of cell- free supernatant of bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila NP-1 strain for synthesizing silver nanoparticles and analyzing its larvicidal ability against Spodoptera litura. Color change from yellow to dark brown specifies the synthesis of AgNPs. UV-Vis spec indicates the presences of AgNPs at 440nm λmax and functional groups; alcohols, carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkylhalides, ethers and phenols were confirmed by FTIR. SEM revealed the synthesized AgNPs is in spherical shape, EDaX confirms the elemental composition and the crystalline nature were observed using XRD. GC-MS analysis showed presence of Benzencepropanoic acid, 1, 3, 5 Trichloropent-2-ene, 1,1-Dichloro-2,3- dicmethycycloprone and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bioactive compounds some of which may be responsible for insecticidal and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae showed maximum zone of inhibition at 100µL/mL. Larvicidal activity of S. litura shows highest mortality at 48h. In potted plant experiment, AgNPs treated plants showed less damage, with less leaf consumption by S. litura larvae. Further, the synthesis of AgNPs were targeted to zebrafish embryos (non- target organism) and it didn't exhibit any toxic effect even at higher concentration. Our experiment concludes that, AgNPs synthesized using NP-1 strain has highest antimicrobial and insecticidal activity, which can be used in biomedical and biopesticides.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PESTICIDAL EFFICACY OF PHYTOECDYSTEROID FRACTION OF A FERN PITYROGRAMMA CALOMELANOS (L.) LINK AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA (FABRICIUS.)

Lepidopteran insect pests voraciously feed the vegetable crops and causes yield loss every year. Chemical insecticides widely used to control the destructive pest incidence which heavily affects the beneficial and non-target organisms and in the mean time, pests developed resistance. Biopesticides are being developed to minimize these ill effects. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites to prevent from biotic and abiotic stresses. More than 27 families of pteridophyta (ferns) are reported with phytoecdysteroids (PEs). PEs are analogues of insect moulting hormone and acts as insect growth regulators (IGRs). The present study aimed to isolate the phytoecdysteroid fraction from the fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos, preliminary screening of phytochemicals using standard protocols including UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis and survival, growth and developmental periods of Spodoptera litura treated with phytoecdysteroid fraction. Steroids and phenolic compounds were present in the fraction and six prominent peaks were recorded between the wavelength of 200-800nm. Spodoptera litura larvae treated with phytoecdysteroid fraction showed maximum larval mortality (68%) in 2000ppm (LC50 = 1473ppm; F = 48.65; p = 0.049). Pupation, pupal weight and adult emergence were decreased in higher concentrations. Pupal mortality was relatively high in treated group than control (2.04%). Larvae treated with minimal concentrations exhibited developmental deformities includes larval - pupal, pupal -adult intermediates, deformed pupae, ecdysial failure, adultoids, early/late developmental periods and it may due to the interaction of phytoecdysteroid fraction to the insect endocrine system. Therefore, phytoecdysteroid mediated biopesticide formulation could be the better alternative to commercial chemical insecticides under IPM programme.

Resistance in Spodoptera litura (F.) to Insecticides and Detoxification Enzymes

Standard leaf dip bioassay experiments were conducted to study the insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (F.) in soybean. Chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic while, cypermethrin and organophosphates (profenophos and triazophos) recorded least toxicity against S. litura populations. Field population of S. litura showed the highest resistance to cypermethrin with resistance ratios (RRs) ranging from 244 to 376. The field populations collected from three locations of Southern Rajasthan exhibited low resistance to newer insecticides, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram with Lab-SS strain. All the enzyme activities were significantly higher in the whole larval extracts and midgut extracts of S. litura larvae when compared to the Lab-SS strain. Analysis of the carboxyl esterase enzyme in the native PAGE assay revealed that the electrophoretic profiles showed presence of different band regions (EST 1 to EST 7) with esterase activity in the field populations along with the laboratory susceptible strain. The susceptibility of three field populations to different group of insecticides along with the profile of detoxification enzymes indicate the need to formulate a region-specific insecticide resistance management (IRM).

Effects of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) on The Death of Spodoptera litura Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Comparison with Chemical Pesticide

Spodoptera litura larvae are polyphagous insects and have caused a lot of damage to various commodities. The application of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) can be used as an alternative to control, other than by using chemical pesticides. This research was conducted to compare the mortality of S. litura with NPV treatment and compare them with chemical pesticides. NPV treatment with a concentration of 0.3% is used to soak the leaves to be used as larvae feed, as well as chemical pesticides the active ingredient Lambda-cyhalothrin (with a concentration of 0.05%). Observations were made at 2, 24, 48, and 76 hours after application. The parameters observed from the treatment included the percentage of mortality and morphological changes of larvae. Observation of the morphological changes of larvae was carried out by the parameters of slowing motion, discoloration, decaying, and severe shrinkage. Based on the results of the comparison, the percentage of mortality in the treatment of chemical pesticides is higher than the NPV. Death of 100% in Lambda-Cyhalothrin treatment was recorded in the first 2 (two) hours, while for NPV treatment is as much as 80%. The larvae with NPV treatment undergo a process of color change and the decomposition process is faster than the treatment of Lambda-cyhalothrin.

Enhanced anti-herbivore defense of tomato plants against Spodoptera litura by their rhizosphere bacteria

BackgroundThe use of beneficial microorganisms as an alternative for pest control has gained increasing attention. The objective of this study was to screen beneficial rhizosphere bacteria with the ability to enhance tomato anti-herbivore resistance.ResultsRhizosphere bacteria in tomato field from Fuqing, one of the four locations where rhizosphere bacteria were collected in Fujian, China, enhanced tomato resistance against the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura, an important polyphagous pest. Inoculation with the isolate T6–4 obtained from the rhizosphere of tomato field in Fuqing reduced leaf damage and weight gain of S. litura larvae fed on the leaves of inoculated tomato plants by 27% in relative to control. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identities indicated that the isolate T6–4 was closely related to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila supported with 99.37% sequence similarity. In the presence of S. litura infestation, inoculation with the bacterium led to increases by a 66.9% increase in protease inhibitor activity, 53% in peroxidase activity and 80% in polyphenol oxidase activity in the leaves of inoculated plants as compared to the un-inoculated control. Moreover, the expression levels of defense-related genes encoding allene oxide cyclase (AOC), allene oxide synthase (AOS), lipoxygenase D (LOXD) and proteinase inhibitor (PI-II) in tomato leaves were induced 2.2-, 1.7-, 1.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively by T6–4 inoculation.ConclusionThese results showed that the tomato rhizosphere soils harbor beneficial bacteria that can systemically induce jasmonate-dependent anti-herbivore resistance in tomato plants.

5-(4-Pyridinyl)-3-isothiazolols as Competitive Antagonists of Insect GABA Receptors: Design, Synthesis, and a New Mechanism Leading to Insecticidal Effects.

Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (iGABARs) are validated targets of drugs and insecticides. Our previous studies showed that the competitive antagonists of insect iGABARs exhibit insecticidal activities and that the 3-isothiazolol scaffold is used as a lead for developing novel iGABAR antagonists. Here, we designed a novel series of 4-aryl-5-(4-pyridinyl)-3-isothiazolol (4-API) analogs that have various aromatic substituents at the 4-position. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments showed that all synthesized 4-APIs exhibited antagonistic activity against Musca domestica and Spodoptera litura iGABARs (RDL) expressed in oocytes of Xenopus laevis at 100 μM. Of the 4-APIs, the 4-(1,1'-biphenylyl) analog was the most potent antagonist with IC50s of 7.1 and 9.9 μM against M. domestica and S. litura RDL receptors, respectively. This analog also showed a certain insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae, with >75% mortality at 100 μg/g diet. Molecular docking studies with a M. domestica iGABAR model indicated that the π-π stacking interactions formed between the pyridinyl ring and Y252 and between the 4-substituted aromatic group and Y107 might be important for antagonism by the 4-(1,1'-biphenylyl) analog. Our studies provide important information for designing novel iGABAR antagonists and suggest that the 4-APIs acting on iGABARs are promising insecticide leads for further studies.

Bio-Insecticidal Nanoemulsions of Essential Oil and Lipid-Soluble Fractions of Pogostemon cablin.

The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) of essential oil (EO) and lipid-soluble extract (HE) of Pogostemon cablin leaves using biosurfactant, saponin. Hydro-distilled EO and fat-soluble HE were analyzed using GC-MS, which revealed 38.7 ± 2.7% and 37.5 ± 2.1% patchoulol, respectively. EO and HE were formulated with saponin to prepare corresponding coarse emulsions (CEs); furthermore, high-speed homogenization for 2 min was followed by ultrasonication for 3 min with constant frequency of 50 kHz. of the CEs resulted in respective NEs. NEs were characterized for the physico-chemical properties such as emulsion intrinsic stability, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology and accurate nanodroplet diameters. CEs and NEs were investigated for insecticidal efficacy against adults of Tetranychus urticae and larvae of Spodoptera litura. Stable NEs of EO and HE at 500 μg mL−1 concentration exhibited corresponding average particle size of 51.7 and 89.9 nm, while TEM image revealed spherical-shaped droplets with the average droplet diameters of 15.3 and 29.4 nm, respectively. NEs of EO and HE displayed highest efficacy in contact toxicity (LC50 43.2 and 58.4 μg mL−1) after 48 h and fumigant toxicity (LC50 9.3 and 13.6 μg mL−1) after 24 h against T. urticae. In addition, NEs of EO showed considerable antifeedant and feeding deterrent action (AI 99.21 ± 0.74 and FI 99.73 ± 1.24) against S. litura larvae.

Effect of Sulfur-Enriched Vermicompost on the Growth of Brassica chinensis L. and the Spodoptera litura Fabricius Larvae Feeding

(1) Background: Vermicompost is enriched with plant essential nutrients and has been shown to suppress the incidence of pests; however, its potential is affected by its food sources. (2) Methods: Earthworms were fed cabbage or pig manure to produce two vermicomposts enriched in sulfur and nutrients, respectively. A pot experiment and a feeding experiment were then conducted to determine whether the application of the vermicomposts and sulfur could increase soil fertility, promote the growth of Brassica chinensis L., and inhibit the growth of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae. (3) Results: The characteristics of the vermicomposts were mainly affected by the food sources, and vermicomposted cabbage was found to have a higher sulfur content than vermicomposted pig manure. The application of the vermicomposts enhanced the concentrations of organic matter and available phosphorus, as well as the exchange concentrations of potassium, cadmium, and magnesium in the soil. Moreover, the growth of and the accumulated phosphorus and sulfur in the B. chinensis L. samples significantly increased when the plants were grown in soils treated with the two vermicomposts. Hence, the addition of vermicomposted cabbage and sulfur fertilizers can decrease the relative growth rate, total consumption, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, and relative consumption rate of S. litura larvae, possibly due to the increase in leaf sulfur concentration.

Identification of Genes Involved in Resistance to High Exogenous 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera litura.

Simple Summary20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the most active insect ecdysteroids, is also a major form of phytoecdysteroids in some plants. The phytoecdysteroid from plant is generally considered as defensive weapon to prevent ingestion by phytophagous insects. Conversely, insects also evolved resistance mechanisms to combat the plant defensive system. In this study, we dissected the molecular mechanism to explain how noctuid pest (Spodoptera litura) resist high dosage of 20E. Besides, comparative transcriptomic analysis using two noctuid insects (S. litura and Helicoverpa armigera) also revealed that different species always ultilized various starategies to tolerate ingested hormone.To prevent their ingestion by phytophagous insects, plants produce secondary metabolites as defensive weapons. Conversely, insects need to counter these metabolites to survive. Different species, though they are closely related, can evolve distinct strategies to resist plant-derived factors. However, the mechanism under this high divergence resistance is still unclear at a molecular level. In this study, we focus on how Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) detoxifies phytoecdysteroids, a class of metabolites capable of disrupting the normal development of insects. Firstly, we find that the S. litura show resistance to artificial foods containing a high level of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the major form of phytoecdysteroids, without any adverse effects on growth and development. Furthermore, a comparative transcriptomic analysis between S. litura and another noctuid insect (Helicoverpa armigera) was performed. Almost all known ecdysteroid degradation pathways including 3-epimerization, 22-phosphorylation, 22-esterification, and 26-hydroxylation were upregulated in the midgut of 20E treated S. litura larvae, whereas only 22-esterification and 26-hydroxylation were enhanced in H. armigera larvae. In summary, though both species belong to the Noctuidae family, they evolved two different strategies to tolerate a high dosage of ingested 20E.

Toxicity and lethal effects of herbaceous plant crude extracts against Spodoptera litura

BackgroundTobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, attacks various cultivated plants and causes significant yield losses. In this study, an eco-friendly approach like using botanical insecticides was adopted to examine the toxicological effect of six herbaceous plants (Phyllanthus niruri, Cyperus rotundus, Euphorbia hirta, Boerhavia diffusa, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cynodon dactylon) against S. litura.ResultsSix herbaceous plants crude extract showed a definite level of toxicity against S. litura larvae (3rd instar) using the surface diet contamination method. Among tested herbaceous plants crude extract at 5 μg/ml concentration, C. dactylon showed significant high larval mortality (75%) against S. litura larvae compared to P. niruri (39%), C. rotundus (36%), P. hysterophorus (26%), B. diffusa (22%) and E. hirta (22%) treatments. A cent percent S. litura larval mortality was achieved at lower concentration from crude extract of C. dactylon (11.2 μg/ml) compared to E. hirta (18.6 μg/ml), B. diffusa (24.39 μg/ml), P. hysterophorus (31.4 μg/ml) crude extracts. The lethal concentration (LC50) of C. dactylon, P. hysterophorus, C. rotundus, P. niruri, B. diffusa and E. hirta crude extracts was estimated to be 1.45, 4.09, 5.74, 6.75, 10.92 and 13.62 μg/ml, respectively.ConclusionThe study results suggested that C. dactylon crude extract possesses the potential to reduce the S. litura damage on crops as a natural alternative to the chemical insecticides with no toxicity to beneficial species.

Spodoptera litura F. induced cross-resistance against microbial pathogens in Capsicum annuum L.

Herbivory by Spodoptera litura (F) larvae stimulate the production of induced defense in chili plants as a defense response. The induced defense response of the plant causes a change in the secondary metabolites. The present study was conducted hypothesizing the role of pest induced defense in inhibiting the successive invading pathogens (Cross-resistance) in chili plants. Bioassay studies were conducted to test our hypothesis and observed herbivory significantly reduced invasion of the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria. As the phenolic acids in the plants are known to possess antimicrobial properties, we presumed the role of S. litura induced phenols in inhibiting the bacterial growth in chili plants as well. An in vitro agar dilution assay was conducted to identify the effective phenolic compound with antimicrobial nature by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Overall, syringic acid was found to be effective in inhibiting X. campestris pv. vesicatoria growth, as indicated by low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The results indicate the cross-resistance role of herbivory induced secondary metabolites.

Identification and validation of the wound and insect bite early inducible promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03143-0.

Chrysoeriol isolated from Melientha suavis Pierre with activity against the agricultural pest Spodoptera litura

BackgroundFlavonoids, a class of plant phenolic compounds, act as plant defense chemicals. Chrysoeriol is a naturally occurring flavonoid produced by Melientha suavis Pierre. The goal of this study was to investigate the insecticidal potential and mode of action of chrysoeriol isolated from M. suavis against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).ResultsThe effects of chrysoeriol on second-instar S. litura larvae were determined by topical application. Chrysoeriol was highly toxic to S. litura (24- and 48-h LD50 values of ~ 6.99 and 6.51 µg/larva, respectively). Moreover, mode-of-action experiments demonstrated that this compound significantly decreased the activities of both detoxification-related enzymes [carboxylesterases (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and neurological enzymes (acetylcholinesterase).ConclusionsThese results indicate that chrysoeriol isolated from M. suavis could be used as a potential agent with activity against S. litura. However, it is necessary to determine the potential side effects on nontarget species for the further development of these novel insecticides.Graphical

Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura

Abstract. Afandhi A, Choliq FA, Fernando I, Marpaung YMAN, Setiawan Y. 2022. Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 23: 1172-1180. Naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are important components in agroecosystems as they serve as biocontrol agents of insect and mite pests. However, some cultivation practices may have deleterious effects on EPF. In this study, the occurrence of soil-inhabiting EPF was investigated between a conventional and organic farm. EPF was baited using Tenebrio molitor larvae, and their virulence was tested against Spodoptera litura larvae. The results showed a higher occurrence of EPF in the organic farm than the conventional farm, with Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., and Gliocladium sp. were exclusively found in organic soils. Among the twenty-five EPF isolates obtained, only four isolates were avirulent against S. litura larvae. Isolates belonging to Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Paecilomyces genera caused high mortality of S. litura larvae ranging from 40 to 65%. There was a significant positive relationship between the conidial viability of EPF and larval mortality. Since virulent isolates were found in conventional soils, efforts in preserving EPF prevalence are needed through the implementation of appropriate cultivation practices. The synthetic agrochemicals exclusion, organic fertilizers application, and crop rotation practiced in the organic farm should be integrated into any other agroecosystems as a form of conservation biological control strategies to strengthen the pest control service provided by EPF.

RESPONS HAMA Spodoptera litura F. TERHADAP PESTISIDA BOTANIS Cymbopogon nardus L Rendl., Pangium edule Reinw., dan Syzigium aromaticum L. PADA TANAMAN Brassica olearacea L.

This study aims to studying the effect of extracts of citronella, pangi leaves, and clove leaves on the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of S. litura pupae formed and the inhibition of feeding activity of S. litura larvae on cabbage plants. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Protection and Quality Testing of Food Crops and Horticulture of North Sulawesi Province and the Laboratory of the Agriculture and Fisheries Service of Tomohon City from November 2020 to July 2021. The research method used a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that citronella extract, pangi leaf extract and clove leaf extract could control the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of pupae of S. litura larvae formed and inhibit the feeding activity of S. litura larvae.

RESPONS HAMA Spodoptera litura F. TERHADAP PESTISIDA BOTANIS Cymbopogon nardus L Rendl., Pangium edule Reinw., dan Syzigium aromaticum L. PADA TANAMAN Brassica olearacea L.

This study aims to studying the effect of extracts of citronella, pangi leaves, and clove leaves on the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of S. litura pupae formed and the inhibition of feeding activity of S. litura larvae on cabbage plants. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Protection and Quality Testing of Food Crops and Horticulture of North Sulawesi Province and the Laboratory of the Agriculture and Fisheries Service of Tomohon City from November 2020 to July 2021. The research method used a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that citronella extract, pangi leaf extract and clove leaf extract could control the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of pupae of S. litura larvae formed and inhibit the feeding activity of S. litura larvae.

Induction of antimicrobial peptides from Bacillus thuringiensis challenged Spodoptera litura larvae and investigation of the antimicrobial properties of hemolymph samples

Antimicrobial peptides constitute key factors in insect humoral immune response against invading microorganisms. In this study, biochemical approach was identified antimicrobial peptides which appeared in larval hemolymph of Spodoptera litura after bacterial challenge. HPLC profile showed two major peaks in two samples, Brassica oleracea and Ricinus communis fed S. litura that were collected at 5 min interval. It was shown to be active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in B. oleracea fed S. litura hemolymph fraction II and R. communis fed S. litura hemolymph fraction I and it also contributes the increased antioxidant, lysozyme, and less hemolytic activity were increase in treated groups. TLC activity was tested with hemolymph extract samples, pink color pots was identified the protein present in the samples. An SDS-PAGE result shows that high expression of antimicrobial peptide present in the treated sample. The appearance of peptides with such different properties in insect hemolymph in response to immune challenge indicates the complexity of the insect immune system.

Toxicity of isolated phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus L. to control Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions

BackgroundSpodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the tobacco cutworm, is an prominent agricultural pest. To reduce the use of chemical pesticides that cause health problems and that leave residue in the environment, some botanical pesticides have been developed. Our research aimed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of Acorus calamus L. extract for the control of S. litura under laboratory conditions.ResultsAfter 24 h of topical application, the A. calamus methanolic crude extract showed toxicity against secondary instar S. litura larvae (LD50 ~ 7.438 µg/larva). Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxy flavone), one of the isolated phenolic compounds, showed optimal control efficiency (LD50 ~ 2.752 µg/larva) and showed a reduction in carboxylesterase activities, which have detoxification reduction roles in larvae.ConclusionChrysin in the crude extract of A. calamus may be an active compound to control this pest, and it may be applied as an alternative to minimize the usage of chemical insecticides.Graphical

Chinese Cabbage Changes Its Release of Volatiles to Defend against Spodoptera litura.

Plants respond to herbivorous insect attacks by releasing volatiles that directly harm the herbivore or that indirectly harm the herbivore by attracting its natural enemies. Although the larvae of Spodoptera litura (the tobacco cutworm) are known to induce the release of host plant volatiles, the effects of such volatiles on host location by S. litura and by the parasitoid Microplitis similis, a natural enemy of S. litura larvae, are poorly understood. Here, we found that both the regurgitate of S. litura larvae and S. litura-infested cabbage leaves attracted M. similis. S. litura had a reduced preference for cabbage plants that had been infested with S. litura for 24 or 48 h. M. similis selection of plants was positively correlated with the release of limonene; linalool and hexadecane, and was negatively correlated with the release of (E)-2-hexenal and 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanato. S. litura selection of plants was positively correlated with the release of (E)-2-hexenal, 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanato, and decanal, and was negatively correlated with the release of limonene, nonanal, hexadecane, heptadecane, and octadecane. Our results indicate that host plant volatiles can regulate the behavior of S. litura and M. similis.

Laboratory evaluation for pyrethroid resistance management against Spodoptera litura (Fab.)

The study was undertaken to know the level of insecticide resistance in S. litura to selected pyrethroid insecticides and the role of herbal oils in mixture with pyrethroid insecticides against S. litura. Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC was the most toxic compound against 3rd instar (F1) larvae of S. litura followed by cypermethrin 10 EC and fenvalerate 20 EC at lethal concentrations. Lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC + karanj oil @ 2% was found the most toxic mixture against 3rd instar (F1) larvae of S. litura than other pyrethroid-herbal oil mixtures tested. The F1 population of S. litura larvae were found more resistant (2.70 fold) to fenvalerate 20 EC followed by cypermethrin 10 EC (2.28 fold) and lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (1.46 fold) over laboratory reared susceptible (F7) population of S. litura. Pyrethroid-herbal oil mixtures developed comparatively lower degree of resistance in F1 populations of S. litura when compared to relative resistance recorded for insecticides alone. The lowest relative resistance at LC50 level (i.e. 0.90 fold) was observed in case of lamda cyhalothrin 5 EC + karanj oil @ 2% mixture while highest (i.e. 2.50 fold) was in case of fenvalerate 20 EC + sesame oil @ 2%. Karanj oil used in mixture with pyrethroids was most effective on suppression of resistance in S. litura followed by neem oil and sesame oil. Among the treatments, maximum suppression of resistance (i.e. 46.67%) was observed in fenvalerate 20 EC + karanj oil @ 2% and minimum (i.e. 6.58%) in cypermethrin 10 EC + sesame oil @ 2%.