Lithium Gluconate Research Articles

Pharmacological therapy with a combination of alprazolam and fluoxetine and use of the trace element lithium gluconate for treating anxiety disorders and aggression in dogs

Abstract This research studied 2 different treatments, lithium gluconate and a combination of alprazolam and fluoxetine, with the aim of assessing their efficacy for treating anxiety disorders in dogs. One hundred thirty-five dogs took part in the study, divided into 2 diagnostic categories: anxious dogs with aggression and anxious dogs with no aggression. The animals in each category were divided randomly into 3 testing groups, each with a different treatment but with the same behavior modification program. The first group (T1) received a 2 mL ampoule of lithium gluconate per os for 10 weeks. The second group (T2) was given a combination of alprazolam (0.07 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (1.0 mg/kg) per os for 4 weeks. The third group (CT), which was selected as the control group, underwent the behavior modification program only. No significant differences were found in anxiety signs that could be related to sex, age, or reproductive status. However, for the category of anxious dogs with aggression, significant differences were found between the different periods ( P = 0.04, P = 0.03). In the case of anxious dogs with aggression, it was found that the evolution of anxiety signs was better in dogs in the T1 group than in those in the T2 and CT groups. Furthermore, the T1 group showed a better correlation between the variables: improvement of anxiety signs and compliance of the owner with the proposed therapy.

Neuroprotective properties of lithium salts during glutamate-induced stress

Organic lithium salts are a promising area for searching for effective and safe neuroprotective drugs. By using chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion models, the authors have previously found that lithium gluconate and lithium citrate are effective agents to prevent a neurological deficit in brain ischemic or neurodegenerative damages. The use of organic lithium salts in brain ischemia leads to their targeted accumulation in the frontal lobes of the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid, normalizing trace elemental homeostasis in the brain Objective: to compare the neuroprotective effects of different lithium salts (chloride, carbonate, ascorbate, and citrate). Material and methods. A neurocytological study was performed using a glutamate-induced stress model in cultured granular neurons (CGNs). The state of CGNs was monitored daily and at each experimental stage, by viewing in an inverted phase contrast microscope. The final concentrations of the test substances in the culture medium were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5, and 1 mM. The survival of CGNs was quantified by directly counting the neurons with intact morphology in 5 fields of vision. Five experiments were carried out for each substance. The number of neurons with intact morphology in the control cultures was taken as 100% survival. Results. Lithium chloride and lithium carbonate in the studied range of concentrations did not show significant neuroprotective properties. Lithium ascorbate and lithium citrate, on the contrary, significantly increased the survival of neurons in mild, moderate and severe glutamateinduced stress. Lithium citrate at a concentration of 0.2 mM increased the survival rate of CGNs by an average of 30% (p < 0.003). The active neuroprotective principles of lithium citrate were shown to be both lithium ion and citrate anion. These positive qualities of the test organic lithium salts are explained primarily by the fact that ascorbate and citrate anions contribute to the enhanced transport of lithium ions into the cells through appropriate ion channels for the transport of organic acids (SLC13A5, etc.). Conclusion. Lithium ascorbate and lithium citrate were confirmed to have an immediate neuroprotective effect on cerebellar CGNs. Treatment of CGNs with lithium citrate showed a 30% increase in cell survival during glutamate-induced stress.

Anti-inflammatory effects of lithium gluconate on keratinocytes: a possible explanation for efficiency in seborrhoeic dermatitis

Topical lithium (Li) gluconate has a beneficial effect on seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD), unlike oral lithium (Li) used in psychiatry. SD is an inflammatory dermatitis associated, in most of cases, with colonization by lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia. However, the exact mechanism of action of Li gluconate in SD still remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of topical Li on cytokine secretion and innate immunity. For this purpose, we investigated first the modulatory effect of Li on two pro-inflammatory and two anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and second, the modulatory effect of Li on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 expression by unstimulated and stimulated keratinocytes. Two different skin models were used: keratinocytes in monolayer and skin explants. In some of them, inflammation was induced with LPS (1 mug/ml) or zymosan (2 mg/ml). Then the skin models were incubated with Li gluconate (Labcatal*, Montrouge, France) at three different concentrations (1.6, 3, 5 mM) determined according to viability MTT test. Expression of TNFalpha, IL6, IL10, TGFbeta1, TLR2 and TLR4 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cytokines were quantified by ELISA methods. Our results showed that the effect of Li on keratinocytes is dose-dependent. At low concentration (1.6 mM), Li enhanced TNFalpha secretion, whereas, at higher concentration (5 mM), Li significantly enhanced IL10 expression and secretion. However, there was no significant modulation of Li on IL6 and TGFbeta1 secretion. Moreover, Li at 5 mM significantly decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expressions by differentiated keratinocytes. As Li concentration during topical treatment is probably closer to 5 mM than to 1 mM, the therapeutic effect of Li gluconate in DS may be explained by two anti-inflammatory actions: an increased expression and secretion of IL10 and a decreased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by keratinocytes. The diminution of TLR2 expression by Li may not allow MF to trigger inflammation response in lesional skin.

Dermatite séborrhéique

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common facial dermatitis that affects 1 to 3 % of the adult population. The incidence of the disease is higher in some diseases such as HIV infection, Parkinson's disease or mood disorders. This dermatitis presents as red, flaking patches of skin located where seborrhoea activity is maximal. Two mechanisms are important to understanding seborrheic dermatitis: Malassezia yeasts and seborrhoea. Most of the time, topical treatment is successful. Controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ketoconazole, ciclopirox olamine and lithium gluconate.

Arrêt des benzodiazépines chez des consommateurs chroniques : un essai en double insu du gluconate de lithium vs placebo

Resume La possibilite qu'un traitement a base de gluconate de lithium puisse faciliter un arret complet et durable de la prise de benzodiazepines a ete etudiee dans une etude multicentrique, randomisee, en double insu, en groupes paralleles vs placebo. Deux cent quarante-quatre patients adultes, non depressifs, ni anxieux, traites depuis au moins six mois a une dose de 10 a 40 mg d'equivalent diazepam ont eu leur posologie de benzodiazepines diminuee par palier de 50 % par semaine pendant quatre semaines. Les patients ont ete randomises soit dans le groupe gluconate de lithium, soit dans le groupe placebo. Quatre semaines avant le debut du sevrage, le meme traitement a ete continue pendant huit semaines apres le debut du sevrage. Deux cent trente patients ont commence la periode de sevrage, le taux global de succes a ete important, superieur a 60 % dans les deux groupes, sans qu'une difference statistiquement significative n'ait pu etre mise en evidence. Les resultats ont montre que le taux de succes etait dependant de la dose initiale de benzodiazepine et que le gluconate de lithium pouvait aider les patients prenant initialement une dose de 10 a 20 mg/jour d'equivalent diazepam, avec une difference de 17 % de succes entre les deux groupes sans significativite statistique. Une procedure experimentale progressive et bien structuree des patients desirant arreter les benzodiazepines constitue une aide reelle au sevrage. Les patients prenant des doses intermediaires de benzodiazepines pourraient beneficier d'un traitement par le gluconate de lithium.

Lithium

The mode of action of the cation lithium is not well known. It is at present used as a topical drug in dermatology. Lithium inhibits many enzymes: Na/K ATPase, adenylcyclase, enzymes of the prostaglandines E1 synthesis, inositol-1-phosphatase. It is active on neutrophils et T lymphocytes, explaining in part its anti-inflammatory activity. It has a dose-dependent action on levures. It has possibly a direct inhibitory activity on DNA synthesis of herpes viruses. Lithium has a good local safety. Percutaneous penetration is weak and plasma concentrations are very much lower than that observed after oral intake. Lithium has been studied in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Its efficacy was primarily observed in psychotic patients. An assay with oral lithium did not confirmed the first observations. Topical lithium was found more efficient. Topical lithium succinate associated with zinc sulfate and lithium gluconate had a greater efficacy than placebo. Comparison with topical ketoconazole showed a non inferiority of lithium gluconate. Oral lithium also showed a reduction of symptoms' duration of herpes simplex. Cutaneous side-effects of oral lithium are frequent and numerous. Some of them may be explained by a lithium pharmacological cell activity (such as psoriasis). Teratogenicity is observed in mice and rats. Drug interactions are not expected after topical application. Irritants side effects are mainly observed after topical application; they are moderate and transitory. Lithium gluconate treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis is a bid application during at least 8 weeks. It may be used in renal insufficiency. It is not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Antidepressant action of lithium gluconate alone and in co-administration with tricyclics in the learned helplessness paradigm in rats

Antidepressant action of lithium gluconate alone and in co-administration with tricyclics in the learned helplessness paradigm in rats

Antidepressant action of lithium gluconate alone and in co-administration with tricyclics in the learned helplessness paradigm in rats

Antidepressant action of lithium gluconate alone and in co-administration with tricyclics in the learned helplessness paradigm in rats

Familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis: prevention of paralytic attacks with lithium gluconate.

Familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis: prevention of paralytic attacks with lithium gluconate.

Les inclusions cristallines de la thyroïde de souris

Intracytoplasmic crystalline bodies of various sizes are found in thyroid cells of 10-month-old mice and in younger animals under chronic lithium treatment. They are frequently surrounded by small microvesicles and dense bodies or enclosed in larger vesicles having a dense content. The crystalline skeleton is a network of protein fibers assembled in a characteristic axis with a periodicity of 8 nm. A deficiency of thyroid cell metabolism related to aging or lithium gluconate treatment would lead to an accumulation of substances of a crystalline pattern.

ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND STUDY OF ALKALI METAL SALTS OF GLUCONIC ACID INCLUDING LITHIUM GLUCONATE

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 7, Issue 3 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND STUDY OF ALKALI METAL SALTS OF GLUCONIC ACID INCLUDING LITHIUM GLUCONATE S. K. DUTTA, S. K. DUTTASearch for more papers by this authorA. BHATTACHARYYA, A. BHATTACHARYYASearch for more papers by this author S. K. DUTTA, S. K. DUTTASearch for more papers by this authorA. BHATTACHARYYA, A. BHATTACHARYYASearch for more papers by this author First published: January 20, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197603350Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume7, Issue3January 20, 1976 RelatedInformation

Preparation and study of some alkali metal salts of gluconic acid including lithium gluconate

AbstractA general method for preparation of the alkali metal salts of gluconic acid by electrolysing glucose in a 1% alkali bromide electrolytic solution containing alkali carbonate/bicarbonate is described.