Literature Retrieval Research Articles

An integrative analysis to predict the active compounds and explore polypharmacological mechanisms of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.

BackgroundOrthosiphon stamineus Benth is a dietary supplement and traditional Chinese herb with widespread clinical applications, but a comprehensive understanding of its active compounds and polypharmacological mechanisms is lacking. This study aimed to systematically investigate the natural compounds and molecular mechanisms of O. stamineus via network pharmacology. MethodsInformation on compounds from O. stamineus was collected via literature retrieval, while physicochemical properties and drug-likeness were evaluated using SwissADME. Protein targets were screened using SwissTargetPrediction, while the compound–target networks were constructed and analyzed via Cytoscape with CytoHubba for seed compounds and core targets. Enrichment analysis and disease ontology analysis were then carried out, generating target–function and compound–target–disease networks to intuitively explore potential pharmacological mechanisms. Lastly, the relationship between active compounds and targets was confirmed via molecular docking and dynamics simulation. ResultsA total of 22 key active compounds and 65 targets were identified and the main polypharmacological mechanisms of O. stamineus were addressed. The molecular docking results suggested that nearly all core compounds and their targets possess good binding affinity. In addition, the separation of receptor and ligands was not observed in all dynamics simulation processes, whereas complexes of orthosiphol Z-AR and Y-AR performed best in simulations of molecular dynamics. ConclusionThis study successfully identified the polypharmacological mechanisms of the main compounds in O. stamineus, and predicted five seed compounds along with 10 core targets. Moreover, orthosiphol Z, orthosiphol Y, and their derivatives can be utilized as lead compounds for further research and development. The findings here provide improved guidance for subsequent experiments, and we identified potential active compounds for drug discovery or health promotion.

Targeting mitochondrial quality control in muscle aging: Natural dietary products as potential interventions

AbstractMitochondria are the main sources of energy production for muscle tissues, including skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle, to support their activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of their quality control systems are significant characteristics in aged muscle. Increasing evidence indicates that natural products, especially phytochemicals, can prevent or improve age‐related muscle disorders. Among them, some dietary components specifically regulate mitochondrial quality control (MQC) to play their efficacy. However, the content of related studies is currently not systematically reviewed. In this review, composition, changes, and associated regulators in the MQC network during muscle aging were summarized by comprehensive literature retrieval. Subsequently, the effects and mechanisms of dietary active ingredients on this control network were described. This review showed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature in different types of muscle aging. And four main ways of MQC are involved in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and they form a tight and integral system, for muscle‐healthy aging. The benefits of specific endogenous metabolites and exogenous components on aged muscle health are mediated in the above ways. Dietary phytochemicals including phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids, unfold their influential roles in delaying muscle aging via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. These findings suggest that MQC is a promising action site against muscle aging and food or herbal‐derived natural products are representative potential interventions. More clinical studies in the future are worthy of future investigation of these natural products.

Broken Promises: Racism and Access to Medicines in Canada.

Discriminatory policies, attitudes, and practices have had deleterious impacts on the health of Black, Indigenous, and other racialized groups. The aim of this study was to investigate racism as barrier to access to medicines in Canada. The study investigated the characteristics of structural racism and implicit biases that affect medicines access. A scoping review using the STARLITE literature retrieval approach and analysis of census tract data in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were undertaken. Government documents, peer-reviewed articles from public policy, health, pharmacy, social sciences, and gray literature were reviewed. Structural racism that created barriers to access to medicines and vaccines was identified in policy, law, resource allocation, and jurisdictional governance. Institutional barriers included health care providers' implicit biases about racialized groups, immigration status, and language. Pharmacy deserts in racialized communities represented a geographic barrier to access. Racism corrupts and impedes equitable allocation and access to medicine in Canada. Redefining racism as a form of corruption would obligate societal institutions to investigate and address racism within the context of the law as opposed to normative policy. Public health policy, health systems, and governance reform would remove identified barriers to medicines, vaccines, and pharmaceutical services by racialized groups.

Childhood adversity and depression in Chinese populations: A multilevel meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).

To estimate the association between childhood adversity (CA) and depression in Chinese populations in studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a literature retrieval from established databases between 2005 and 2020 was conducted. A total 40 eligible studies with 145 effect sizes were included in subsequent analyses. Using a multi-level meta-analysis, we found a pooled effect size of r=0.24, p<0.001, CI =[0.20, 0.27] for the association between CA and depression. No publication bias was shown by Egger's test, t (160) =-0.27, p=0.79. The between-study variance was moderate but significant, with 39.75% of the total variance attributable to differences between studies. Results of moderation analysis based on subtypes of CA showed that emotional abuse was associated most strongly with depression. In addition, results of moderation analysis focusing on geographic regions and CTQ subscales showed that the association between SA and depression was stronger in Southern than Central China. Our findings demonstrated clearly the advantages of using a multi-level approach to arrive at a more accurate estimate of pooled effect sizes. The differential associations between CTQ subscales and depression and the moderating effect of geographic regions on the association between sexual abuse and depression point clearly to the need of increased attention to the effects of CA subtypes and socio-cultural factors in future research on CA and mental disorders. These findings provide a preliminary empirical basis for researchers to address specific hypotheses of associations between CA subtypes and specific mental disorders in China.

Summary of evidence for threshold setting of multi-parameter electrocardiograph monitor in intensive care unit

To retrieve the evidence for threshold setting of multi-parameter electrocardiograph (ECG) monitors in intensive care unit (ICU), and summarize the best evidence. After literature retrieval, clinical guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary and systematic review that met the requirements were screened. Guidelines were evaluated by the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II (AGREE II), expert consensus and systematic review were evaluated by the Australian JBI evidence-based health care center authenticity evaluation tool, and evidence summary was evaluated by the CASE checklist. High-quality literature was selected to extract evidence related to the use and setup of multi-parameter ECG monitors in the ICU. A total of 19 literatures were included, including 7 guidelines, 2 expert consensus, 8 systematic reviews, 1 evidence summary, and 1 national industry standard. After evidence extraction, translation, proofreading and summary, a total of 32 pieces of evidence were integrated. The included evidence involved the environmental preparation for the application of the ECG monitor, the electrical requirements of the ECG monitor, ECG monitor use process, ECG monitor alarm setting principles, ECG monitor alarm heart rate or heart rhythm monitoring setting, ECG monitor alarm blood pressure monitoring setting, ECG monitor alarm respiratory and blood oxygen saturation threshold setting, alarm delay warning time setting, adjusting alarm setting method, evaluating alarm setting time, improving the comfort of monitoring patients, reducing nuisance alarm report the occurrence, alarm priority processing, alarm intelligent processing and so on. This summary of evidence involves many aspects of the setting and application of ECG monitor. According to the latest guidelines and expert consensus, it is updated and revised to guide healthcare workers to monitor patients more scientifically and safely, and aims to ensure patient safety.

Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration

This study aims to perform an integrative literature review on FNAB of the thyroid and its current contributions facing thyroid nodules, as an important diagnostic tool to eliminate early thyroid cancer, a recurrent pathology in offices. Regarding the methods, because this is an integrative review of literature, through a descriptive study, we used databases such as Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL). The query was performed using the controlled descriptors from DeCS/MeSH: "thyroid nodule", "fine needle biopsy", "thyroid", "liquid-based cytology", "molecular test". Moreover, as a result we obtained a general review about the appropriateness of FNAB of the thyroid, an efficient and reliable diagnostic method in the decision and selection of patients who will need surgery. However, this method presents some limitations, such as the need for improvement in the quality of the sample collection or in its interpretation, limitations that can be reduced, decreasing the cases of false positives and negatives, when collected by experienced professionals, guided by ultrasound, and can be combined with color Doppler, as well as, seek opinions from other specialists. The present study also addressed the new diagnostic methods for thyroid nodules, such as liquid-based cytology, used as a technique in conjunction with conventional smears when ancillary techniques are applied, and molecular tests, which have given professionals the opportunity to provide a more accurate evaluation in cases of indeterminate nodules. With this, we reiterate the importance of identifying the best individualized strategy for the patient, preventing unnecessary procedures and offering improved quality of life.

Involving adolescents in the design, implementation, evaluation and dissemination of health research: an umbrella review protocol

IntroductionA lack of awareness on how to engage adolescents in research has been reported as one of the barriers to meaningful youth involvement in health research. Currently, available guidelines on...

Tracheal Bronchus in Children.

Tracheal bronchus is an uncommon congenital anomaly. It is often of important significance during endotracheal intubation. In paediatrics with tracheal bronchus, stenosis of trachea and (or) bronchus and the management strategies remain to be further clarified. A comprehensive retrieval of literature since 2000 revealed 43 articles with 334 paediatric patients with tracheal bronchus. The delayed diagnosis rate is 4.1%. Paediatric patients with tracheal bronchus most often present with recurrent pneumonia and atelectasis. In less than one-third of the patients, there was an intrinsic or extrinsic stenosis of the trachea, which warrant a conservative or a surgical treatment. A surgical treatment was performed in 15.3% of the patients, in most of which the operations were for relieving the tracheal stenosis. The surgical outcomes were satisfactory. Paediatric patients with tracheal bronchus with tracheal stenosis and recurrent pneumonia and persistent atelectasis warrant active treatments, and surgical treatments are preferred. No treatment is needed in those with no tracheal stenosis or those with no or mild symptoms. Key Words: Abnormality, Congenital, Thoracic surgery, Tracheal stenosis.

Association between adhesive capsulitis and thyroid disease: a meta-analysis

Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common clinical condition of the shoulders without a clear pathophysiology or etiology. Although thyroid disease has been linked to AC, an appropriate understanding of the disease and its epidemiological evidence are lacking. This metaanalysis investigated the association of AC with thyroid disease and identified which manifestations of thyroid disease contribute to the risk of AC. The databases of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for literature retrieval up to September 20, 2022. Articles evaluating the association between AC and any type of thyroid disease were enrolled. Data from studies reporting the prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled. Subgroup analysis was performed on the different manifestations of thyroid disease. We explored heterogeneity with sensitivity analyses and publication bias with funnel plots and Egger's tests. A trim and fill analysis was conducted if publication bias was found. Results: In total, 10 case-control studies comprising a total of 127,967 patients were included. The prevalence of thyroid disease was significantly higher in patients with AC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.37-2.57, P < .0001) than in patients without AC. The results of subgroup analysis indicated significantly higher rates of hypothyroidism (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.09-3.39, P = .02) and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.81-3.63, P < .00001), but not hyperthyroidism (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.63-3.22, P = .40), among patients with AC than among those without AC. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that thyroid disease, especially when presenting as hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism, is associated with an increased risk of AC. Evidence for an association between hyperthyroidism and AC was not found, although this may be due to the lack of related studies. Further research on the pathogeneses of and relationship between these two diseases is warranted.

Respiratory muscle training for obstructive sleep apnea: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep disorder. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of respiratory muscle training in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The study protocol was registered in Prospero Platform (CRD42018096980). We performed searches in the main databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via Pubmed; Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase) via Elsevier; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via Cochrane Library; Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) through the Portal of the Virtual Health Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) for all randomised-controlled trials published before July 2022. The randomised-controlled trials were assessed for risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Thirteen randomised-controlled trials were included. All studies had an overall high risk of bias. Inspiratory muscle training probably improves systolic blood pressure and sleepiness when compared with sham. However, inspiratory muscle training probably does not improve diastolic blood pressure and maximum expiratory pressure, and may not be superior to sham for apnea-hypopnea index, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, sleep quality and quality of life. In addition, it is uncertain whether there is any effect of inspiratory muscle training on maximum inspiratory pressure and physical capacity. Inspiratory muscle training may also improve maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure compared with oropharyngeal exercises. However, it may not be superior for apnea-hypopnea index, sleep quality, sleepiness, quality of life and functional capacity. When associated with physical exercise, inspiratory muscle training may not be superior to physical exercise alone for maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and functional capacity. At the same time, when associated with cardiac rehabilitation exercises, inspiratory muscle training may reduce apnea-hypopnea index, improve inspiratory muscle strength, sleepiness and sleep quality compared with cardiac rehabilitation alone. However, it may not be superior for improving quality of life. Regarding expiratory muscle training, it may improve expiratory muscle strength and sleep quality, but not sleepiness when compared with sham. The evidence on the effects of expiratory muscle training in apnea-hypopnea index is very uncertain.

The Golden Patient Initiative: A Systematic Review.

Operating theatres and surgical resource consumption comprise a significant proportion ofhealthcare costs. Inefficiencies in theatre lists remain an important focus for cost management, along with reducing patient morbidity and mortality. With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of patients on theatre waiting lists has surged. Hence, there is a pressing need to utilise the already limited theatre time and fraught resources with innovative methods. In this systematic review, we discuss the Golden Patient Initiative (GPI), in which the first patient on the operating list is pre-assessed the day prior to surgery, and we aim to assess its impact and overall efficacy. A literature search using the following four databases was conducted to identify and select all clinical research concerning the GPI: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE),Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and the Cochrane library. Two independent authors screened articles against the eligibility criteria, using a process adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data extracted included outcomes measured, follow-up period, and study design. The results showed significant heterogeneity, and hence a narrative review was conducted; 13 of the 73 eligible articles were included for analysis. Outcomes included delay in theatre start time, number of surgical case cancellations, and changes to total case numbers. Across the studies, a 19-30-minute improvement in theatre start time was reported (p<0.05), as well as a statistically significant decrease in case cancellations. Our analysis provides encouraging conclusions with regard to greater theatre efficiency following the application of GPI, a low-cost solution that can easily be implemented to help improve patient safety and lead to cost savings. However, at present, it is largely implemented amonglocal trusts, and hence larger multi-centre studies are required to gather conclusive evidence about the efficacy of the initiative.

Endolaser Treatment of Aesthetic Disorders: Clinical Experience of 4 Years

Introduction: Endolaser or Endolift, is a technique that uses a laser beam with a wavelength between 980 and 1470nm emitted through an optical fiber inserted into the subcutaneous tissue in order to tone the skin through neocollagenesis and reduce fat subcutaneous. Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical experience of the authors after four years using the endolaser technique treating different aesthetic disorders, and to this end, it was grouped data on the most treated disorders, personal protocols and treatment results. Methodology: An exploratory research was carried out, presented in a narrative review to show the action of Endolaser used in the treatment of aesthetic disorders. The review explored scientific articles published and available in the following databases: MEDLINE (System for Analysis and Retrieval of Online Medical Literature), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and LILACS (Latin American and of the Caribbean in Health Sciences). In addition, some clinical findings obtained through a retrospective analysis of medical records were added to describe the clinical experience of the authors in using Endolaser for treating aesthetic dysfunctions. Results: It was verified that the endolaser technique is extremely effective for reducing localized fat and skin retraction, and is characterized as an eligible procedure for face and neck, as well as for the body. Still, endolaser may be indicated for the treatment of several aesthetic disorders involving lipodystrophies and dermal disarrangement, in addition, associated with other therapeutic resources such as microfocused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, chemical peeling, intradermotherapy and others. The technique is safe and has minimal side effects. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the current popularization of Endolaser is justified by its extreme effectiveness and versatility, as well as its ease usability and minimal adverse effects, producing excellent aesthetic results in the short and medium term, and can also be used alone or associated with other therapeutic resources.

The Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Non-surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Complications, Clinical, and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

In cosmetic practices, non-surgical rhinoplasty using filler injections has become increasingly common. Nevertheless, the outcome and overall complications have not been studied as a systematic review in the literature. This study provides a high-quality systematic review of studies reporting clinical and patient-reported outcomes following non-surgical rhinoplasty with hyaluronic acid (HA) to further guide practitioners. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. The search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane. The literature retrieval was conducted by three independent reviewers, and the remaining articles were screened by two independent reviewers. The quality of included articles was assessed using the MINORS and methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports tools. A total of 874 publications were found based on the search criteria. A total of 3928 patients were reviewed for this systematic review from 23 full-text articles. For non-surgical rhinoplasty, Juvéderm ultra was the most commonly used HA filler. The nasal tip was most commonly injected (13 studies), followed by the columella (12 studies). Nasal hump deformities are the most common reason for non-surgical rhinoplasty. All studies showed high patient satisfaction. Among all patients reviewed, eight developed major complications. Non-surgical rhinoplasty performed with HA has minimal side effects and a short recovery period. Furthermore, non-surgical rhinoplasty with HA results in high satisfaction. To strengthen the presently available evidence, further well-designed RCTs are needed. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266.

A Literature Review on the Anesthetic Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Non-cardiothoracic Surgery.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by narrowing small pulmonary arteries, escalating pulmonary vascular resistance, and affecting the entire cardiovascular system. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents a subgroup of PH and typically affects one in 20,000 individuals. When treating individuals with PAH for non-cardiothoracic surgery, anesthetic management strategies should be tailored to the individual's specific needs. This literature review assessed the anesthetic management of PAH in non-cardiothoracic surgery. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Ovid Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords related to PAH, noncardiac surgery, and anesthesia. Reference lists and author names were also investigated. The articles that met the inclusion criteria provided evidence suggesting that preoperative assessment should be comprehensive, hemodynamic goals should be established, anesthesia providers should be familiar with the underlying pathology, and cross-consultations between surgeons and anesthesia providers are essential for achieving satisfactory outcomes. Furthermore, patient care should extend beyond the surgical procedure into postoperative recovery in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) or intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In conclusion, it is vital for anesthetic management strategies to accommodate the unique needs of PAH patients to optimize their safety during perioperative care.

Recent Trend in Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Biomedical Publishing: A Quantitative Bibliometric Analysis.

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology in recent years have led to its integration into biomedical publishing. However, the extent to which AI has contributed to developing biomedical literature is unclear. This study aimed to identify trends in AI-generated content within peer-reviewed biomedical literature. We first tested the sensitivity and specificity of commercially available AI-detection software (Originality.AI, Collingwood, Ontario, Canada). Next, we conducted a MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) search to identify randomized controlled trials with available abstracts indexed between January 2020 and March 2023. We randomly selected 30 abstracts per quarter during this period and pasted the abstracts into the AI detection software to determine the probability of AI-generated content. The software yielded 100% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and excellent overall discriminatory ability with an area under the receiving operating curve of 97.6%. Among the 390 MEDLINE-indexed abstracts included in the analysis, the prevalence with a high probability (≥ 90%) of AI-generated text increased during the study period from 21.7% to 36.7% (p=0.01) based on a chi-square test for trend. The increasing prevalence of AI-generated text during the study period was also observed in various sensitivity analyses using AI probability thresholds ranging from 50% to 99% (all p≤0.01). The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of AI-assisted publishing in peer-reviewed journals has been increasing in recent years, even before the widespread adoption of ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, California, United States) and similar tools. The extent to which natural writing characteristics of the authors, utilization of common AI-powered applications, and introduction of AI elements during the post-acceptance publication phase influence AI detection scores warrants further study.

Self-Care Requisites for People with Intestinal Ostomies: A Scoping Review

Self-care is one of the main factors altered in the life of a person with an ostomy. Self-care requisites with nursing support are necessary. Objectives: To map the self-care requisites for people with intestinal ostomies in their adaptive process, guided by Orem’s theory. Materials and methodology: A scoping review was conducted between May and June 2022, in which studies published from 2000 to 2022 were selected, based on Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. The sources of evidence used were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cinahl, Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Nursing database, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal, Theses Canada, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal, and National ETD Portal. Studies presenting at least one requisite of self-care for people with intestinal ostomies, whether or not they addressed Orem’s theory, and that were published in full were included. We followed the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA International Guide, registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/XRH5K). The following descriptors and search strategies were used: (ostomy OR colostomy OR ileostomy OR stoma) AND (self-care OR self-management) AND (adaptation OR adjustment). Results: The final sample was composed of 87 studies. In universal requisites, studies in the category “nutritional aspects” predominated, of which the most frequent was “eat regularly and follow a balanced diet” (23; 26.4%); in developmental requisites, the prevalent category was “stoma and peristomal skin care” and requisite “assess peristomal skin integrity” (27; 31.0%); in the health deviation requisites, the predominant category was “choice of collection equipment and adjuvant products” and the requisite “use hydrocolloid powder to absorb moisture in cases of dermatitis” (13; 14.9%). Conclusions: The study contributes to guiding the assistance to the person with an ostomy, improving the self-care learning process. However, new intervention studies are still needed.

Survey analysis and discussion on cultivating scientific research quality among undergraduates in medical colleges.

To explore rational measures to improve medical undergraduates' scientific research quality by investigating and analyzing their scientific research situation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in March 2022 among medical college/university undergraduates across four grades and five majors. Five hundred and ninety-four questionnaires were distributed, and 553 valid copies were returned, with a 93.1% return rate. The results showed that 61.5% of the students had an intense interest in research experiments, and 46.8% thought it was important for undergraduates to participate in research experiments, but only 17.5% often participated in them. Among the students, 85.0% thought that the main factors preventing them from participating in research experiments were academic stress and insufficient time, and 82.6% hoped that mentors would focus on practical skills training; only 13.0% read literature at least once per week, and 93.5% were not proficient at organizing and using literature. Among the participating undergraduates, more than half were strongly interested in scientific research, but academic stress, unclear participation modes, and insufficient literature retrieval skills limited undergraduate scientific research practice and improvement of scientific quality. Therefore, it is essential to cultivate undergraduates' interest in scientific research, ensure that they have spare time to engage in scientific research, improve the undergraduate scientific research mentorship system, and enhance relevant scientific research abilities to cultivate more innovative talent in scientific research.

Trends of mitochondrial changes in AD: a bibliometric study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive progress and memory loss, which eventually develops into dementia. It can cause personality disorders and decreased quality of life of patients. Currently, AD patients account for 60-70% of global dementia patients and the incidence rate of AD is increasing annually. AD not only causes pain to patients but also brings a heavy burden to the entire family. Studies have found that there is a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and other biochemical changes in AD like classical neuropathological hallmarks (β-amyloid and tau protein), inflammation pathways, oxidative stress, and so on. Evidence shows that early treatment targeted directly to mitochondria could extend the lifespan of model mice and decrease the relevant neuropathological markers. Therefore, research on the mitochondrial dysfunction of AD can be of potential significance for clinical treatment. To date, few bibliometric analysis articles related to mitochondrial dysfunction of AD have been published. Bibliometric analysis refers to quantitatively analyzing certain aspects of articles like publishers, authors, and countries by using statistical and mathematical methods. Combined with statistical software, a large number of papers can be converted to visualization figures and tables, which provide vital information such as keyword hotspots and the names of contributing authors. Through the bibliometric analysis method, our study aimed to provide study trends and keyword hotpots for researchers to conduct further relevant research in this field. We used the Web of Science core collection database as a literature retrieval tool to obtain data related to mitochondrial changes in Alzheimer's disease during the last 20 years. The retrieval type was [TS = (Alzheimer's disease)] ND [TS = (mitochondrion)], ranging from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2022. VOSviewer v1.6.18, Arcgis 10.8, and HistCite pro 2.1 were used to conduct data visualization analysis. VOSviewer v1.6.18 made relevant network visualization maps of the cooperative relationship between relevant countries, institutions, and authors (co-authorship), the frequency of different keywords appearing together (co-occurrence), and the frequency of different articles cited together (co-cited). Arcgis 10.8 created the world map of publications distribution in this field and Histcite pro 2.1 was used to count the local citation score (LCS) of references. In addition, Journal Citation Reports were used to consult the latest journal import factor and JCI quartile. As of June 30, 2022, from the Web of Science core collection, we selected 2,474 original articles in English, excluding the document types of the news items, meeting abstracts, and some articles that had little relevance to our theme. The United States acted as the leader and enjoyed a high reputation in this field. The University of California System was the institution that made the greatest contribution (3.64% with 90 papers). Most articles were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (8.21%, with 203 papers). The most frequently co-cited journal in Q1 was the Journal of Biological Chemistry (8,666 citations, TLS: 1039591). Russel H. Swerdlow (55 publications) was the most productive author and PH Reddy was the most co-cited author with 1,264 citations (TLS: 62971). The hotpots of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD were as follows: "oxidative stress," "amyloid-beta-protein," "tau," "apoptosis," "inflammation," "autophagy," "precursor protein," "endoplasmic-reticulum," "dynamics" and "mitochondrial unfolded protein response." This bibliometric analysis research will help readers rapidly identify current hotpots and milestone studies related to directions of interest in AD research.

Organizing training workshops on gene literature retrieval,profiling, and visualization for early career researchers.

Early-career researchers must acquire the skills necessary to effectivelysearchand extract information from biomedical literature.This ability is for instance crucial for evaluating thenovelty ofexperimental results, and assessing potential publishingopportunities.Giventherapidly growing volume of publications in thefield ofbiomedical research,new systematicapproaches need to be devised and adopted for the retrieval and curation of literaturerelevant to a specific theme.In this context, we present a hands-on training curriculum aimed at retrieval,profiling,and visualization of literatureassociated with a given topic.The curriculum was implementedina workshopin January 2021.Here we providesupportingmaterial and step-by-step implementation guidelines withtheISG15 geneliteratureserving as an illustrative use case.Workshop participantscanlearn several skills, including:1) building and troubleshootPubMedqueriesin order to retrieve the literatureassociatedwitha gene of interest;2) identifying key concepts relevant to given themes (such as cell types, diseases,andbiological processes);3) measuring the prevalence of these concepts in the gene literature;4) extracting key information from relevant articles,and5) developinga background section or summaryon the basis of this information. Finally,trainees can learn toconsolidatethestructuredinformation capturedthrough this processforpresentationviaan interactive web application.

Progress in research of long-term protective efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccine

The efficacy of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials and clinical uses. The follow-up after clinical trials usually last for 5-6 years to evaluate the long-term efficacy, and a series of long-term follow-up studies have been conducted in some regions. The literature retrieval of HPV vaccine long term efficiency research both at home and abroad indicated that the protective efficacy of the vaccine against vaccine-type-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above is higher than 90%.