Literary Satire Research Articles

Imperial Satire Redux: A Political Reading of Dryden's ‘Discourse’ on Satire

Dryden's 'Discourse Concerning the Original and Progress of Satire' has long been seen as one of the most important and influential accounts of satire and its history in English literature. Historians, editors, and critics have admired and contested Dryden's account of satire's pre-history, etymology, and ‘progress’, finding in this intricate text a whole tissue of challenging ideas about satire as a literary form. However, the political purposes of the Discourse (in its immediate context) remain exceptionally difficult to bring into focus. For all the clarity with which we can see what Dryden was saying about satire, it has always been quite unclear as to why he was saying it in the first place. Assuming Dryden's rationality and command of the intellectual resources, this article offers a very different reading of the Discourse as a politically motivated intervention post-1688 discussions about literary satire, and as an attempt to reset the form along ancient lines for Tory satirists excluded from the centre of public life by the Glorious Revolution.

William Paulet Carey and Irish Caricature, 1780–92

Though best known for his involvement with the United Irishmen and his brief career as a newspaper editor, William Paulet Carey (1768–1848) was one of the first, and most interesting practitioners of graphic satire in Ireland during its inaugural phase. Having demonstrated his potential with an artistically indifferent caricature of the Gordon Riots in 1780, he acquired a fuller knowledge of the craft engraving copy plates for William Allen, then Dublin’s primary print seller. Subsequently, Carey sought, unsuccessfully, to make his mark in London in 1783–84, though he did produce a number of distinctive engravings in the Whig cause. Back in Dublin, he resumed his relationship with William Allen, in the course of which he produced a series of superior copies of William Bunbury’s single sheets and smaller engravings for a Dublin edition of the Geoffrey Gambado’s Annals of Horsemanship . Carey possessed strong political opinions, and having manifested his unease at the energizing of Irish conservativism with caricatures critical of the advocates of ‘Protestant Ascendancy’ in 1786–87, he prioritized literary satire until the early 1790s when he joined the United Irishmen and established a radical newspaper. However, his failure, other than on one occasion, to use his artistic skills in the radical cause deprived Irish radicalism of a potentially important means of promoting their cause.

Translating metaphors in Chinese satirical literature: A foreignization approach

The paper delves into the complexities of translating metaphors in Chinese satirical literature, emphasizing the cultural and linguistic nuances involved. It highlights the importance of metaphors in expressing satire and the challenges posed by cultural differences between Chinese and English. The paper advocates for a foreignization translation approach to preserve the original’s cultural essence and satirical tone, balancing it with explanations to aid understanding in the target language. This method ensures the retention of literary value while facilitating cross-cultural dialogue and appreciation of the source culture’s literary aesthetics.

Indriķis Laube latviešu rakstniecībā

The article analyses the literary works of the writer and publicist Indriķis Laube (1841–1889) in Latvian literary culture in the 1870s and 1880s. The aim of this article is to analyse the significance of Laube’s literary activity and describe his contribution to Latvian prose fiction, humorous satirical literature and journalism. Methodologically, the article employs the approach of the social history of literature by highlighting the interaction between social change and literary innovations. Summarising the information about Laube’s work scattered in publications so far, the article identifies the main research questions for further studies of his work, formulates those aspects of Laube’s work that are connected with the political and national transformations in the period after the Young Latvian movement in the 1860s, and also offers to locate Laube’s place among his contemporaries. The story “Smiltnieku Andrejs” is interpreted as Laube’s main work in the article, which depicts a Latvian peasant’s intellectual and professional growth in the interaction between German and Russian cultural impulses. In addition, attention is paid to issues of women’s emancipation in Laube’s works, as well as to his humorous prose, in which the social and political problems of his time are addressed. Laube is described as a typical representative of his era, who has combined the autodidact’s ambition to popularise scientific and cultural affairs with the work of a literary critic. At the same time, Laube occupies a special place in the landscape of the Latvian national culture of his time due to the fact that, being born in a German-Latvian family and raised in a German environment, he made a conscious decision to become a Latvian and get involved in the national revival movement.

الأثر الفنّي للحواجز العسكريّة في الرواية الفلسطينيّة

The article discusses the impact of the presence of military barriers artistically on Palestinian novels and their transformation, and the diversity of the novels that reflect reality and suffering, in addition to the role of language in expressing social conflicts and the challenges of reality, and the importance of reality as a source of characters and events in novels; military barriers are mirrors of the Palestinian reality. The article also addresses the militarization of vocabulary in the novel and its connection to the language of occupation, and touches on the use of satire and comedy in Palestinian novels and its implications, as literary satire helps liberate the human ability to sharp criticism. The article emphasizes that the new Palestinian novel is characterized by its realism and its choice of simple, precise language free of ornate embellishments and rhetorical adornments.

An Analysis of Satire and Schema in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

This paper adopts a stylistic approach, drawing on schema theory, to unravel Lewis Carroll’s use of characters and parodies as instruments of satire aimed at adult society. Carroll subverts readers’ schemata by infusing creatures in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland with behaviors and language incongruent with conventional norms. Satire happens when schema is challenged or disrupted. Examining the alignment and subversion of readers’ schemata regarding adult behavior in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, this paper intends to provide examples of interplay between schema theory and literary satire in Carroll’s iconic work. It will thus contribute to our understanding of the cultural significance and Carroll’s satirical views embedded in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.

History of Satire in Kurdish Literature From the early period to the beginning of the twentieth century

Whenever the history of Kurdish literature is discussed, especially from the early periods to the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most of the thoughts and signs go directly to Sufism, heavenly and earthly love. Little has been said that a satirical aspect mixed with lampoon and facetiae forms an important part of this literature. From this perspective, as an important part of the history of our ancient literature also the forgotten history of satirical literature at this stage, this subject became of interest to us. Satire itself as a significant and widespread literary subject attracted the attention of the poets and writers throughout the ages. Accordingly, satire has been integrated to all the other fields like psychology, sociology, politics, religion, etc. Thus, they used satire as a means to integrate these fields into their literary works as well. The research is entitled (History of Satire in Kurdish Literature from the early period to the beginning of the twentieth century). It aims to be a new statement in this field that was previously underestimated and rarely researched. The research is divided into two chapters. The first chapter describes the terms and concepts related to satire, as well as the theories. The second chapter, which includes two sections, is dedicated to the history of satire. In the first section the history of satire in the Western literature and Eastern Islamic literature (Arabic and Persian) is tackled. The second section is about the history of satire in Kurdish literature from the early period to the beginning of the twentieth century. The research ends with the conclusions and the list of references.

‘Man carries all animals within himself’

This article addresses Rubens’s perspective on the human-animal by focusing on the satyr as one of his favourite mythological characters. This profoundly liminal being appears in a variety of roles throughout his oeuvre, including several paintings that remained in his private collection. In some of them, the satyr is primarily a figure for unbridled lustfulness and sensuality. In many others, however, this hybrid creature appears to hold the key to some of the mysteries of nature itself. Another facet of this analysis concerns the long-standing connection between this mythological character and literary satire. Rubens’s satyr-themed images bear a number of salient qualities of this literary genre as one that destabilizes boundaries: between the beautiful and the repulsive, the tragic and the comical, the sublime and the grotesque.

The Bullet That Ended Chivalry: Voltaire's Histoire de Charles Xii As A Celebration Of The Implausible

Voltaire's first historical work (History of Charles XII, 1731) is frequently read as a piece of literary satire designed to ridicule the tradition of military heroes and warmongering monarchs. I offer a contrasting perspective and make the case that the book grapples with a problem both epistemic and poetic: how to narrate and make sense of an implausible or unbelievable past. In shedding light on this issue, this article questions widely held assumptions about the relationship between truth, plausibility, and history in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It pushes back against the notion that Voltaire, like other neoclassical historians, had a rigid and naive understanding of the implausible as “fabulous” or “unhistorical.” Instead, I make the case that the implausible to Voltaire often pointed to a necessary and meaningful aspect of histories as narratives of the grand, the extraordinary, and the grotesque.

Introduction: Black Laughs Matter

Introduction: Black Laughs Matter

포프의 「호라티우스풍의 제2권 제1편 풍자시」와 풍자에 대한 변호

The essay examines Alexander Pope’s “First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated” as an apologia for his satire from the legal context. Pope uses Horace as his mentor, and tries to defend his satire as lawful poetry. Like Horace’s satire, Pope presents his poem as a dialog between him and his friend Fortescue about what poetry he should write. Being attacked by many people, Pope seeks legal advice from his friend. His friend advises rest, and sleep to take the mind off writing. He also advises Pope to write an encomium to the king, not satire. Pope, however, defends his satire as a social mirror in which he attacks the foibles of rogues. He insists that he should write satire, and punish rogues. Pope’s view about satire is close to the traditional principle of judicial punishment, namely deterrence, while literary satire is supposed to reform people. The lawyer responds by a warning to watch out for libel laws. Pope, however, insists that he should punish rogues like Walpole exempt from effective legal retribution. Then Pope’s satire becomes an honest quasi-judicial sanction to lash criminals escaping from laws. If laws fail to punish criminals properly, he has to punish them using satire.

Dining with the Hermaphrodites

AbstractThe régime de santé, already by the end of the medieval era a well-developed genre that offered advice on diet and other health practices, found new life in the sixteenth century as the Galenic works on food and hygiene that informed it were translated into Latin and even into vernacular languages. The precepts of this genre entered into the literary culture of early modern France primarily through the avenue of satire, in which characters were defined by the food they ate and by other aspects of the Galenic regimen. Because of its association with treatises on the education of princes, the régime de santé took a political turn, something that is also echoed in satirical literature. One clear example of the politics of the régime de santé is the banquet scene of L’Isle des hermaphrodites (The Island of Hermaphrodites), published in 1605 and circulated widely in Paris. This novel seems at first glance to be a fairly straightforward satire of the excesses of the court of Henri III of France (r. 1574–1589). Yet the banquet scene evokes the flexibility of diet and of other aspects of the Galenic regimen in the profusion and variety of food presented. In linking the practices of the hermaphrodites to contemporary works on the régime de santé, this novel suggests another possibility: a world where the needs of an individual living in a particular environment are met with a diet and way of life appropriate to those needs. In presenting this alternative view, the novel raises the question whether such individualized care is merely self-indulgent or whether it is very much needed in the aftermath of the massive trauma of the Wars of Religion.

스페인 중세 시 『죽음의 무도』에 드러난 사회 비판 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change in social consciousness after the outbreak of the Black Death, which was revealed in the late medieval Spanish poem Danza General de la muerte, and to reflect on its significance. As is well known, the Black Death Pandemic sacrificed nearly a third of Europe''s population between 1347 and 1351, and was taken a significant opportunity to accelerate the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Danza de la muerte as new motif in literature and art that emerged in many European countries after the Black Death, contains sharp social criticism as well as views on life and death changed after the Black Death. In particular, the consciousness of equality of all people in the face of death and the strict judgment of the vested classes who have corrupted or forgotten their duties is remarkable. In that sense, Danza general de la Muerte served as a new milestone in the satirical literature that criticized the hierarchical order and privileged groups of medieval society, and had a great influence on Renaissance and Baroque literature thereafter. Since the Black Death is a representative example of how pandemic played a decisive role in changing the direction of history and the appearance of the times, it is expected to be a reference point when considering the change of direction in the post-COVID-19 era in the future.

МЕТАФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ В АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ РОМАНАХ

The article examines novels which plot is based on alternative history. It is suggested that the narrative strategy of such literary works requires a special type of reader who has a thorough knowledge of the real history and is able to correlate alternative historical events (those depicted in the novel) with actual historic facts. The narrative intrigue of alternative history works is based on a counterpoint: the reader’s interest is supported by the convergence and divergence of alternative and true historical events. In the novels, the true history acquires a metaphysical character as it falls outside of the depicted world and remains in the competence of the reader and the author. This feature is played out in the text of the work: certain facts of reality are defamiliarized — depicted from an unusual point of view: in various kinds of the characters’ visions, their dreams, rumors, as well as in parallel reality. A narrative strategy that takes into account two different realities — the depicted and the real one — allows us to talk about the “literary stereo effect” characteristic of philosophical and satirical literature and about setting up of a philosophical experiment in such works. In an experimental situation of an alternative course of historical events, the national character and national identity are put to the test.

The use of Language in Ìdààmú Páàdì Mínkáílù: A Religio-Satiric Play

Literary satire is generally a social pre-occupation; an attempt to contribute to the advancement of a society in all the ramifications of the word. Tis is done by humorously pointing out individual or collective non-conformation to accepted norms and ethos. The task however demands subtlety, especially in the use of language by the satirist who must bring his or her ideas to the forte. Tis essay submits that in Ìdààmú Páàdì Mínkáílù, Adébáyò ̣ Faleti draws out from the reader a mirthless laughter in the confusion of a religious priest and elder statesman, who must not divulge the confession of a repentant member of his congregation, but who, at the same time, must ensure the obedience to, and the maintenance of the social order in his society. The satirist’s bias and the probable reasons for it are highlighted in the essay.

Brüche einer Gattungsgeschichte. Karikatur zwischen Massani und Sulzer

Abstract When the caricature came up in the late 16th century, the notion meant an overloaded or exaggerated – and humorous – kind of portrait. Since then its meaning has changed considerably. Today caricature is understood as a visual equivalent of literary satire. This modern understanding has its origin in the bourgeois culture of the Enlightenment. In my contribution I examine the change in the concept of caricature in Western history. The focus is on the connection between this change in meaning and the constitution of caricature as an image genre. When did caricature acquire the status of a legitimate form of invectivity? Besides caricature, special attention is also paid to parody, because both types of invective communication often overlap.

Առած-ասացվածքների լեզվաոճական առանձնահատկությունները Նշան Պեշիկթաշլյանի երգիծավեպերում

Armenian satirical literature has rich traditions and deep roots. The genre of satire reached its apogee in the 19th – 20th centuries, particularly in the works of such Western Armenian writers as Hagob Paronian and Yervand Otian. Being one of the most brilliant satirists in the Diaspora literature, Nshan Peshiktashlian followed the legacy of the Western Armenian writers.

Matters of Empire in American Humor: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Matters of Empire in American Humor: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Matters of Empire in American Humor: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Matters of Empire in American Humor: An Introduction to the Special Issue

An ‘Open Data’ Content Analysis to the Jargons and Metaphor in Pakistani News Bulletin

Any nation on the planet that wishes to achieve meaningful success must embark on developmental endeavors. They are responsible for maintaining a peaceful sociopolitical environment for their people. It does, however, differ significantly by region and place. Utilizing democratic jargon in news bulletins helps to criticize the stance and provide the public with literary satire. The aim of this research is to show the impact of 'Open Data' on the development of news bulletins. The OD analysis helps news marketers to ascertain the degree to which their bulletin captures the interest of audiences. Pakistan's economy is insufficient to provide the standard of security needed by its citizens. Numerous strategies have been emphasized to achieve this aim, enabling the government to prioritize its people' health. The open data scheme, which allows widespread access to databases, is one of these crucial advancements within Pakistan's architecture. There are online repositories that motivate their users to achieve greater success in existence. It improves their ability to read and comprehend and teaches them to think creatively. Additionally, it allows them to hone their ability to learn and make the requisite compromises to maximize the potential of their talents. Although there is some pressure to use private data sources, it is critical to remember that not all data is safe. As a consequence, individuals must capture and use this type of clear data. The thesis evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of using current data systems inside the newsroom in order to determine their effect on Pakistan's political communication. The use of open data in news analysis allows journalists to work more efficiently; it is important to have immediate access to each item of news. In other words, these structures allow national institutions to operate with a high degree of accountability. Thus, the possibility of encountering an element of inequality in a world capable of wreaking havoc is extremely remote. Open data models are important for innovation and creativity to accelerate. It has been shown that it was instrumental in establishing a trend of revolutionary development that was fuelled by the provision of these facilities. Five privately owned news organizations with the highest scores were selected to gather data. A critical conversation was held to ascertain the words they used to attract interest.