Literary Pragmatics Research Articles

Educational Values in the Novel Rumah Without Windows by Asma Nadia

This research is motivated by the phenomenon that the educational values instilled in the young generation today are still not optimal. This can be proven by the many cases of cheating committed by students when carrying out exams. This novel is suitable for use as teaching material because it contains many educational values that can be instilled in students. The aims of this research are (1) to find out the intrinsic elements that make up the Novel Rumah Without a Window by Asma Nadia, (2) to know the educational values depicted in the Novel Rumah Without a Window by Asma Nadia, and (3) to know the relationship between the Novel Rumah Without a Window Asma Nadia's work as an alternative teaching material in high school. This type of research is descriptive research with a literary pragmatics approach. The subject of this research is the novel Rumah Without Windows by Asma Nadia. Meanwhile, the object of this research is the educational values in the Novel Rumah Without Windows by Asma Nadia and their relation to literature teaching in high school. The main instrument in this research is the researcher himself or human instrument. The data collection method in this research was carried out using the reading and note-taking method. The theory used is Abrams' theory of literary pragmatics. The results of this research are (1) the intrinsic elements in the novel Rumah WITHOUT Window by Asma Nadia are characters, theme, setting, point of view, plot and language style. There are 22 characters in this novel with the main character named Rara. The theme of this novel is the strength of determination of a little girl to realize her dreams. The setting in this novel is divided into three, namely setting of place, setting of time, and setting of atmosphere. The point of view used in this novel is the point of view of the third person "he" Mahatau. The plot uses a mixed plot and the language styles contained in it are personification and hyperbole. (2) the educational values contained in this novel total 76 data. The most dominant educational value is the value of divinity education with a total of 32 data. Other values, namely the value of physical education totaling 4 data, the value of skills education totaling 4 data, the value of moral education totaling 17 data, the value of beauty totaling 5 data, and the value of social education totaling 6 data. (3) based on aspects of language, psychology and cultural background, the novel Rumah Without a Window by Asma Nadia is suitable for use as an alternative literature teaching material, especially novels in high school.

Ethnic minorities' mentality and homosexuality psychology in literature: A text emotion analysis with NRC lexicon

As a significant subfield of natural language processing (NLP), text emotion analysis has been extensively researched and applied in various domains, such as media, education, and medicine. It has shown significant results in annotating blog posts that rely on an extensive corpus of short phrases. However, in interdisciplinary fields like literary pragmatics, character emotion analysis in literature becomes crucial. Despite the importance of this topic, there are fewer studies, especially for niche subjects such as ethnic minorities' mentality and homosexuality psychology. This paper examines the effectiveness of the widely used lexicon National Research Council of Canada (NRC) in detecting metaphorical words in the famous homosexual novel Maurice. To increase the accuracy of the test, we classified and cleaned the stop words using the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) before the analysis step. Our results indicate that the lexicon is able to demonstrate reasonable emotional changes in the story.

Directive Speech Acts in Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn

This research aims to explore Directive Speech Acts in the novel The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This research used a descriptive qualitative method by employing literary pragmatics analysis. The object of this research was the utterances of the main characters in the novel's dialogue. The data were collected by reading the text closely, observing the dialogue in the text, note taking and highlighting the directive speech acts, coding and classifying the types of directive speech acts, then analyzing and interpreting the types of directive speech acts based on the theory proposed by Searle. There are five types of Directive Speech Acts found in this novel: asking, commanding, requesting, prohibiting, and advising. The data finding has shown that the highest type of asking is 160 utterances or 48,94 %. It is shown by Jim (a slave nigger), who always asks Huck Finn about everything. The second is commanding, with 112 utterances or 34,25%. The next type is requesting, with 28 utterances or 8,56%. Prohibiting has 18 utterances or 5,50%, and advice has the lowest portion, nine utterances or 2,75 %. The novel's directive speech acts play different functions, including asking for information and confirmation, asking someone to or not to do something, and suggesting. It also shows that directive speech acts such as asking, commanding, prohibiting, requesting, and advising have been influenced by social relations between the interlocutor, including social distance and social power.

Directive Speech Acts in Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn

This research aims to explore Directive Speech Acts in the novel The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This research used a descriptive qualitative method by employing literary pragmatics analysis. The object of this research was the utterances of the main characters in the novel's dialogue. The data were collected by reading the text closely, observing the dialogue in the text, note taking and highlighting the directive speech acts, coding and classifying the types of directive speech acts, then analyzing and interpreting the types of directive speech acts based on the theory proposed by Searle. There are five types of Directive Speech Acts found in this novel: asking, commanding, requesting, prohibiting, and advising. The data finding has shown that the highest type of asking is 160 utterances or 48,94 %. It is shown by Jim (a slave nigger), who always asks Huck Finn about everything. The second is commanding, with 112 utterances or 34,25%. The next type is requesting, with 28 utterances or 8,56%. Prohibiting has 18 utterances or 5,50%, and advice has the lowest portion, nine utterances or 2,75 %. The novel's directive speech acts play different functions, including asking for information and confirmation, asking someone to or not to do something, and suggesting. It also shows that directive speech acts such as asking, commanding, prohibiting, requesting, and advising have been influenced by social relations between the interlocutor, including social distance and social power.

Role of Literary Pragmatics in Translation: A Personal Case Study

This article aims to explain how the knowledge of pragmatics, and in particular literary pragmatics as a new approach, can help the translator. More to the point, it endeavors to highlight the important part of different pragmatic backgrounds represented by the active cooperative effort that the translator should assume with the author, source text, and the target language so that he/she can succeed in transferring faithfully elements of both literary and pragmatic registers in both source and target languages. Being a translator myself, I want to inform literary pragmatists more about the experience of translation. There should exist a dialogue and a cooperative bargain between the translators as a reader, interpreter and convertor, the text to be translated, the author, and the linguist. A personal case study from my own translations undergone to prove the close dialogue and collaboration between literature, pragmatics, translation, author and translator.

Metalinguistische Kommentare zur Vermessung der neuen sprachlichen Heimat Deutschland in Saša Stanišićs Herkunft

In this paper, metalinguistic self-reflectory remarks on the German language, made by the author Saša Stanišić in his book Herkunft, are analyzed. After a brief introduction (1.), the state of research on and reception of Herkunft (2.) and a brief section on (auto)biographical writing and migration (3.), the theoretical backdrop, focusing on Roger Sell’s notion on literary pragmatics, is presented (4.). It is subsequently intertwined with Karl Bühler’s Organon Model and Klaus Brinker’s connection of text functions to Searle’s types of illocutions (5.) to form the framework of the analysis. Then, the focus shifts to the analysis itself (6.), which is centred around a chapter titled Bruce Willis spricht Deutsch [Bruce Willis Speaks German]. The article concludes with a summary of the main findings (7.).

STYLISTIC FEATURES: CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE OF THE POEM “JABBERWOCKY” BY LEWIS CARROLL

The present study aimed to analyze the stylistic features especially conversational implicature of the poem “Jabberwocky” written by Lewis Carroll. Implicature theory was the cooperative principle by Paul Grice to use to analyze. Two reasons support to uses of this theory. The method was used Documentation method with note-taking and highlighting technique. First, The poem was taken from the novel entitled Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There. Second, the implied conversation between the characters was found in this poem. This study analyses the violating maxims only. The results were all maxims are violated. Then, Maxim of Quality was mostly violated in this poem.Keywords: conversational implicature, literary pragmatics, pragmatics, stylistic

Pragmatic Functions of the Stylstic Devices in the Author’s Chracteristics of the Supporting Characters in “Death of a Hero” by Richard Aldington

This article deals with the role and place of stylistic devices in a work of art in the literary pragmatics context. Operating on the level "author - work - reader", literary pragmatics offers an interpretation of the text together in the light of hidden information. The paper focuses on the stylistic analysis of the author’s descriptions of the supporting characters in Richard Aldington's novel “Death of a Hero” and defining the pragmatic functions of the given stylistic devices as source of implicit information. In addition to characterizing his characters through their speech Richard Aldington makes use of direct descriptions. While stylistic figures in the dialogues help to and understand the way of thinking of characters, phonetic and graphic stylistic devices often indicate their social background or emotional state, it’s authors descriptions that make us assess the situation better, pinpointing certain personal features. The most frequently used stylistic devices in the direct descriptions are of a lexical stratum. Not only they enrich the language of a novel, but also allow the author manipulate his readers, “lead them by the hand” in the needed direction and implicitly influence their perception of the characters. It is thanks to the stylistic devices that the author implicitly manages to explain that there has always been an abyss of misunderstanding between the protagonist and his surrounding, regardless of where he was at a certain stage of life. The contrast of the use of tropes in the descriptions of the supporting characters is a tale-telling sign in itself, and that is a particularly important pragmatic function of the stylistic devices usage.

PEDAGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED: PAULO FREIRE’S PEDAGOGIC CRITIQUE OF POETRY-1 SYLLABUS AT MATERS LEVEL (ENGLISH) AT UNIVERSITY OF SWABI, PAKISTAN

This paper aims to evaluate the students’ feedback of Poetry course. This course includes a total of thirty-four poems of prominent poets ranging from the 14th century till18th century. The course contents are annexed as A. This study will evaluate the pedagogical appropriateness of the overall course and with a zero lecture in the course to critically evaluate the pedagogical appropriateness of the following four poems in particular. The study also aims at the evaluation of the course design to see whether management of course curriculum has an impact on the course overall success. The study applied the theory of ‘Pedagogic Critique’ presented and explicated in the work of Paulo Freire titled as ‘Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Paulo Freire, 2000)’. Freire explains that power dynamics behind everything determines the way how any educational course and setting get underway and proceeded. Books, according to him, are never rated beyond their scope until they are associated with their expected readers and audience (Patton, 2017). The study finds out a mixture of complicated feedback from the students who appeared in their MA English course. The study was devised through a questionnaire indexed at the end of the paper. Their feedback was analysed and the conclusion was made. Most of the students through a resultant questionnaire were unable to reply exactly to the course they read and some of the students could not appropriately connect their initial aptitude to the courses they read and what they had initially antipiated. The study also finds out that some of the students selected their course vaguely without having any firsthand knowledge about they would later on study. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales were considered to be most complicated course since it has a little complicated archaic diction, whereas Spencer’s Faerie Queene was considered through a feedback to be outmoted and less universally applied to modern teaching practicum and literary pragmatics. Most pragmatic and creative work that was recommended and liked by both the teachers and studetns was ‘Paradise Lost’. The study eventually conludes that the potery-1 course should stand modied and there is a lot of room for research on this aspect. The course needs an overhauling to better engineer it for the students’ comprehension and understability. Keywords: Pedagogy; poetry; syllabus; Pakistan

Literary Communication as Dialogue: Responsibilities and Pleasures in Post-Postmodern Times. Selected Papers 2003–2020 by Roger D. Sell

Reviewed by: Literary Communication as Dialogue: Responsibilities and Pleasures in Post-Postmodern Times. Selected Papers 2003–2020 by Roger D. Sell Sarah Gilead Roger D. Sell, Literary Communication as Dialogue: Responsibilities and Pleasures in Post-Postmodern Times. Selected Papers 2003–2020. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2020. 425 pp. This collection of nineteen previously published essays, all by Roger Sell, may be considered a follow-up to his 2019 collection, A Humanizing Literary Pragmatics: Theory, Criticism, Education. Selected Papers 1985–2002. Sell's method, reflected in each of the essays, derives from literary pragmatics. Readers well versed in this and related linguistic fields, such as general pragmatics, speech-act theory, communication studies, and stylistics, will find Sell's terminology and ways of thinking readily accessible. However, as he notes in his Introduction, he is careful in each essay to explain, for the benefit of non-specialist readers, whatever terms and linguistic models are needed to understand it. While this practice is laudable, as are Sell's lucid expositions and textual analyses, it leads to repetition. In essay after essay, the reader finds similar arguments and explanations, yet Sell varies the examples and texts he analyzes in support of his positions. Each essay is self-contained. Sell notes that they need not be read consecutively. In fact, doing so requires rereading (or skipping) similar passages. Further, in contrast to what would be expected in a book where each chapter builds on the arguments of the preceding one, Sell does not lay out the origins and contexts of literary pragmatics, or present a comprehensive survey of foundational works and authors in the related linguistic fields. Readers wishing to review or acquaint themselves with them must look carefully throughout the essays to find references. Sell situates his approach within the context of contemporary forms of literary inquiry, which consider literary works in relation to other cultural productions and discourses ("worlds"). In particular, he explores the links between literary and non-literary ("human") communication, especially the potentiality for reciprocal dialogue. He distinguishes his aims from those of communication specialists who tend to focus on language as serving the exchange of information, or on its manipulation for hegemonic purposes. Sell seeks appreciation of communicative good practices. Often ignored by readers and literary scholars, the potentiality for dialogic communication exists in the relationships among writers, readers, and critics, and has important ethical and aesthetic dimensions. Sell aims to redress this lack of awareness, and "to develop a historical literary pragmatics that would re-humanize the discussion" (3). From various angles and through discussions of a wide variety of literary genres, authors, and texts, [End Page 175] the essays push back against the notion of social determination of identity, the hyper-specialization of literary terms and practices, and the "disnaturing" of the reading experience, and encourage fostering an egalitarian human relationship, or "dialogicality," between authors and readers. The ethical component of such dialogues assumes the capacity of readers to acknowledge and reciprocate authors' faith in literary communication and in their readers. In several essays, the close readings of texts in their historical-cultural contexts show how a writer—playwright, poet, or novelist—might recognize and respect readers' autonomy. These literary analyses exemplify and seek to promote in readers and critics a reciprocal response to what Roger Sell sees as writers' courtesy towards and trust in the reader's open-minded acceptance of the author-as-other. When readers achieve the desired "proactive catholicity" (208), both ethical and aesthetic needs are satisfied. Frequently referring to Keats's "negative capability," the book focuses on literary works (as well as critical/reading practices) that are free of coercive dogmatism, do not have designs on their readers, and allow for their free agency as individuals. Having dealt elsewhere with the dialogic ethics in the addressivity of Wordsworth's poetry, in the essay included here Sell considers the possible range of reader responses to Wordsworth's late poetry—often unappreciated by readers and critics alike. For Sell, the poet's explorations of his own aging invite readers' reciprocal thoughtfulness, open-mindedness, and honesty. Sell's particular animus is toward those postmodern intellectuals and literary critics who view all cultural productions as inevitably expressing or...

Прагматичні функції стилістичних засобів в діалогічному мовленні героїв роману Річарда Олдінгтона «Death of a hero»

This article deals the role and place of stylistic devices in a work of art in the literary pragmatics context. Operating on the level «author – work – reader», literary pragmatics offers an interpretation of the text together in the light of hidden information. The paper focuses on the stylistic analysis of the dialogues of the characters in Richard Aldington’s novel “Death of a Hero” and defining the pragmatic functions of the given stylistic devices as source of implicit information. In addition to direct descriptions, Richard Aldington characterizes his characters through their speech. Stylistic figures in the dialogues help to assess the situation and understand the way of thinking of characters and their personal features. Phonetic and graphic stylistic devices often indicate the social background of the speaker, his emotional state and situations in which dialogues take palce. Syntactic stylistic means in dialogues are usually broken sentences, they do not add much aesthetic beauty or understanding of ideas, but they allow the author to make characters more believable so that readers feel for them. Syntactic stylistic devices in the dialogues of the novel provide readers with an opportunity to complete the thought of the character, to understand the course of their thoughts. The most frequently used stylistic devices in the dialogues of the novel Richard Aldington are of a lexical stratum; they not only enrich the language of a character, but also allow to evaluate their intelligence, depth of knowledge, imagination level, social background, age group, era. It is thanks to the stylistic devices that the author implicitly manages to explain that there has always been an abyss of misunderstanding between the protagonist and his surrounding, regardless of where he was at a certain stage of life. The contrast of the use of tropes in the speech of the protagonist before and after he became a soldier, demonstrating the fundamental changes in his outlook, shows a particularly important pragmatic function of the stylistic devices usage.

Igbo endearment terms: In-group identity construction in selected novels by Achebe and Adichie

The continuing and increasing interest in the study of identities in the humanities and the social sciences since the turn of the twenty-first century points to the significance of the subject matter in human evolution. Against such a significant backdrop, we scrutinise the symbolic parallel between the use of endearment terms and the construction of identities in the works of two prominent Nigerian novelists – Chinua Achebe and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Despite studies on their respective novels, extensive studies on how these Nigerian novelists deploy linguistic resources to enunciate in-group identity are still inadequate. Using social constructionism and literary pragmatics as our theoretical point of reference, we contend that these novelists’ use of Igbo endearment terms function as a linguistic means by which in-group identities are constructed, drawing our data from four of the authors’ novels: Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Anthills of the Savannah and Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun. Our critical and textual analysis reveals that the use of Igbo endearment terms are strategies for illuminating how literary characters use language in socio-discursive encounters to enact and re-enact as well as maintain their belonging to or membership of a group.

An Analysis of the Linguistic Features of The Minister’s Black Veil from the Perspective of Literary Pragmatics

The Minister’s Black Veil is one of the most classic short stories written by American romantic writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), From the perspective of literary pragmatics, this paper analyzes the language features of the novel, such as words and sentences, grammar, semantic ambiguity, rhetoric and conversational implicature based on cooperative principle, so as to explore the superb writing style and literary art of the novel, better understand and appreciate this literary work, and provide a new perspective and reference for the study of British and American literature Direction.

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Herzog Ernst: Stabreimende Wortpaare im Umfeld des Frühmittelhochdeutschen

Abstract As part of an ongoing larger project collecting and analyzing the alliterating word-pairs in early German (especially Old and Early Middle High German) texts, we turn to Herzog Ernst in an effort to assess the anonymous author’s use of the widely used rhetorical device in the context of earlier and then contemporary praxis. For the first time, the entire body of word pairs in Herzog Ernst are documented and studied in their narrower and broader contexts, including questions of literary genre, semantics, pragmatics, and stylistics. Findings from earlier studies are included and assessed, where necessary also emended. Hence, we have a better appreciation of the author’s rhetoric in its Early Middle High German and especially the Spielmannsepos context.

From Speech Acts to Literary Genres: Toward a Factual and Fictional Discourses Typology

In recent decades, speech act theorists began analyzing discourses in order to describe the logic that governs the use and understanding of language in the context of interlocutions. This paper is in the wake of those studies. It questions the fruitfulness of the notion of speech acts in literary pragmatics, analyzes some literary genres and proposes a discourse typology containing eight generic categories that reflect the possible links between factual and fictional discourses. In doing so, it offers a response to a question raised many years ago by a literary theorist that is directed to speech act theorists.

Voice Management In The Mawlid By Mirza Safvet-Beg Bašagić

Mawlid is a poetic literary work about the birth and life of the Muhammad, the Messenger of God. Mawlid by Mirza Safvet-beg Bašagić is one of the most signifi cant mawlids written in the Bosnian language. The text of the Mawlid is analyzed from the perspective of literary pragmatics. The paper takes into consideration the relationship between the author and narrator in the text and voice management in the Bašagić’s Mawlid.

Los mecanismos de la interpretación: la eficacia de la ficción en la reconstrucción de la memoria a propósito de Los girasoles ciegos

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the important role that fiction can play in the reconstruction of historical memory. We start from some concepts proposed by phenomenology, and those wisely used by the literary pragmatics and aesthetics of reception, in order to explain the effect that fiction has on the reader regardless of contents or themes. The choice of Los girasoles ciegos is to illustrate the effectiveness of fictional stories in the reconstruction of historical memory through the use of four stories present suitable formal features. These stories allow the reader to interpret the text as own experience.

试析克莱齐奥小说《飚车》中人物对话的语用感染力

文学语用学将语用学理论与文学理论相结合，用于文学作品的欣赏与批评。本文以勒•克莱齐奥的《飙车》为例，结合语用学的相关理论，对小说中的人物对话选段进行语用学分析，挖掘语用感染力，揭示对作品的深度理解，以更好地理解和欣赏小说。 Literary pragmatics is widely applied in the literary appreciation and criticism by integrating pragmatic theories with literary theories. Based on relevant pragmatic theories, this paper, through a literary pragmatic analysis of some dialogues excerpted from La Ronde et autresFaits Divers of J.M.G. Le Clezio, attempts to dig out its pragmatic appeal and reveal the depth of the work so as to better understand and appreciate the novel.