Literary Movement Research Articles

Postmodern Vision of Absolute Truth in "Atonement" by Ian McEwan

This paper explores Ian McEwan's "Atonement" and its postmodern interpretation of the concept of ultimate truth. The novel, which takes place in the early 20th century, examines the difficulties associated with memory, narrative, and the search for the truth. This essay examines how the novel reflects the postmodern rejection the idea of ultimate truth through a study of the text. It is possible to see the novel "Atonement" as a postmodern attack on the idea of ultimate truth. It is proposed that the novel's postmodern is a conception of reality highlights the importance of memory and narrative in the construction of truth. This paper is important because it applies postmodernism theory to the novel "Atonement" by Ian McEwan, giving it a fresh viewpoint. The study underlines the significance of subjective experiences and viewpoints in our perception of reality and underscores the function of memory and narrative in truth construction. Postmodernism theory is used as a literary movement that rejects the conventional belief in objective truth and emphasizes the importance of subjectivity and fragmentation in understanding of reality. This paper attempts to analyze the notion of absolute truth in Ian McEwan's novel. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the postmodern vision of absolute truth in "Atonement" and its implications for our understanding of truth and reality. This paper aims to demonstrate how the novel challenges traditional notions of truth and offers a vision of truth that is subjective and fragmented.

“The Beads” by Maria Wirtemberska – an interperiodic comedy of consolation

The article discusses the one-act comedy The Beads by Maria Wirtemberska, which remains in manuscript. The subject of the paper is an attempt to situate the duchess's work in the panorama of creative tendencies of the time, with particular attention to the circumstances of the text's creation, the types of Enlightenment comedies, as well as the culture of the théâtre de société and masquerades. In addition, the affiliation of The Beads to sentimental and romantic literature is considered, thus highlighting the problem of the drama's positioning in relation to literary movements and periods.

Exploring Dalit Experience in Bengal: A Critical Analysis of Manohar Mouli Biswas's Narrative Surviving in My World: Growing Up Dalit in Bengal

The Namashudra community, formerly derogatorily referred to as Chandal, endured untouchability in colonial Bengal. Following the partition, in West Bengal, they initiated a revolutionary literary movement to articulate and transmute long-suppressed sorrow into a mode of resistance. It not only breaks the prevalent assumption that Dalit literature does not exist in Bangla but also serves as a challenge to the pervasive myth of Bengal being a casteless society. The article modestly endeavours to explore the intricate issues of caste within the narrative of Manohar Mouli Biswas's work Surviving in My World: Growing Up Dalit in Bengal (2015), which is a translation of his Bengali book Amar Bhubone Ami Beche Thaki (2013). The article seeks to explore how the aspects of caste, politics, and hegemony work within the text, and how existential exclusion is sincerely articulated through the literary expressions of the Bengali Dalit author. Additionally, the study has undertaken an in-depth textual analysis of Biswas's writings to investigate how he uses his works to establish an identity for his community.

Going Underground: The Author’s Body and the Mining Workplace in the Writing about Miners in Modern China

Abstract This article highlights the author’s body and its physical experience in labor history, by a focus on their historical implication for the emergence of writings about miners in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth century China. Miners and their workplace entered Chinese textual and pictorial representations at the turn of the twentieth century, as a result of the growing importance of the mining industry, the dissemination of new mining knowledge, and the formation of new social groups. Later in the 1920s, literary movements tied up with the revolutionary agenda under the influence of Marxism brought new conceptualizations of miners’ position in society and their relationship with intellectuals. When authors turned to write about miners in the late 1920s and early 1930s, they chose to legitimize their writing by descending into mine shafts to acquire the experience in the underground mining workplace and to incorporate the bodily experience into their writings. The mining lamp in texts and images from this period provides a prime example to illustrate how the author’s experience in the underground mine was embodied in the author’s and the miner’s corporeal visions and contributed a new way of seeing and representing miners. Drawing upon materials about miners of various genres, this article reveals the formulation of Chinese visual modernity within Chinese social interactions and brings the author’s body into labor history by calling attention to both its material presence in the workplace and its agentic power to inscribe workers.

DEPICTION OF WOMEN IN CARTER’S THE BLOODY CHAMBER AND ELLIS’S AMERICAN PSYCHO

Women have always been an important part of literature, no matter how were they presented. They are key characters in the development of the plots in works of all literary periods and literary movements. They are presented as victims, villains, weak, strong, intelligent, and sacrificing. This paper will bring a comparative outlook how women are presented in Bloody Chamber and American Psycho. Both Carter in Bloody Chamber and Ellis in American Psycho have women as main protagonists, and no matter these works belong to the postmodernist period, the images of women have a lot of traces from the earliest times. It means, we see women as victims of patriarchal society and families, we see them as sexually submissive and undervalued gender. They try to point out if these women are able to do something to change the way their actions and behavior are judged and how the society views them. This paper gives a comparative outline of these famous literary works, presenting a part of English and American Literature. This is what is presented in this paper, hoping that it will give a glimpse of not only women, their role and position in the society, but the whole society as well, presented in British and American literature.

The Reflection of Social Atomism in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

The tumultuous history of the twentieth century is known to have witnessed transformative events ranging from World War I to World War II. These events with drastic social and political influences have led to a revival of interest in studying the recesses of human mind in the field of literature. Modernism as a literary movement, especially in the wake of World War I, has had its leading role in exploring human psyche, but has simultaneously become the focal point of numerous discussions with its elusive nature. This contentious aspect of modernism can be said to have become manifest in its tackling the issues of social fragmentation, solipsism and capitalism within literary realm. The entirety of the referred points also falls into the scope of Social Atomism Theory which is believed to have gained prominence in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At this point, it must be noted that, one of the most well-known poems of modern period, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, provides an apt site for delving into the concept of social atomism. Relevantly, this article aims to elucidate the ways in which the experiences of Prufrock align with those of an alienated or socially atomised individual.

Feminist publishing projects after Franco: Solidarity through cultural translation

In the 1960s and 1970s, second-wave feminism promoted important feminist publishing platforms, especially in North American and European countries. After the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939-1975), the need to seek foreign ideological mothers led to the emergence of the first feminist series and journals in Spain. In Barcelona, in 1976, the journal Vindicación Feminista(1976-1979) was born, giving voice to many international feminist authors and their publications. A year later, in 1977, inMadrid, the publishing house Debate produced the series Tribuna Feminista(1977-1982). In 1978, in Barcelona, the first Spanish feminist publishing house, LaSal. Edicions de les Dones (1978-1990), was founded. In this article, three post-Francoist feminist publishing projects based on “solidarities” arepresented. All of them were “agents of cultural translation” that shared a main objective: to normalize Iberian feminism by introducing new literary movements, works and authors for theoretical discussion after the National-Catholic-patriarchal regimeof Francoism. The arrival of feminist literature through practices of “solidary cultural translation” was crucial to the social transformations at the time.

The Influence of African Heritage on Afro-American Literary Expression

This research paper explores the profound influence of African heritage on Afro-American literary expression. It begins by examining the historical context, emphasizing the impact of the transatlantic slave trade and early Afro-American literature's retention of African cultural elements. The Harlem Renaissance is highlighted as a pivotal moment that celebrated African roots and set the stage for future literary developments. Central themes derived from African heritage, such as resistance, resilience, and connection to ancestry, are analyzed, illustrating their prominence in both historical and contemporary works. The paper deal with storytelling techniques and narrative structures influenced by African oral traditions, folktales, and myths, highlighting how these elements enrich Afro-American literature. The use of rhythmic language, communal narration, and the call- and-response pattern are discussed as significant aspects that enhance narrative depth and cultural authenticity. The integration of African symbols, music, and communal values as cultural motifs is explored, showcasing how these elements infuse literary works with layers of meaning and cultural resonance. The reclamation of African identity is a key focus, with discussions on Afrocentric perspectives in modern literature, the impact of the Black Arts Movement, and contemporary literary movements. The challenges and opportunities of navigating dual heritage and cultural hybridity are addressed, emphasizing the complexities of identity formation and cultural expression.

Góngora, máquina barroca en el archivo de Néstor Perlongher

"In this article I analyze the way in which Néstor Perlongher (1949-1992), an Argentine writer and anthropologist, reads Luis de Góngora. The inquiry uses texts selected from a wide archive that includes, in addition to his published poetry, unpublished texts, interviews, correspondence, academic articles and literary essays. During this article, I argue that Góngora was read by Perlongher with a creative direction, far from philological pretensions, which allowed him to encrypt some concepts within his aesthetic proposal. The conformation of the Neo-Baroque has created a critical vulgate that assumes the confluence of postmodern philosophy, the works of Lezama Lima and Severo Sarduy, and a rereading of the Golden Baroque, however the latter has not been quite observed or is taken for granted without investigating the nooks and the scope of its presence. This article contributes to gauge the role and influence that the reading of a baroque poet of the xvii th century had within a poet linked to a literary movement of the xx th century.Keywords: neo-baroque; poetry; gongorism; neobarroso; aids"

Aliran Romantisisme: Historisitas, Karakteristik, dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Sastra Arab

This study explains the beginning of the emergence of romanticism in the Arab world, details its characteristics, and describes some of the influences of romanticism on Arabic literature. This type of research is descriptive qualitative using a library research approach. The data in this research is in the form of historical discourse, its characteristics, and its influence on Arabic literature. Data sources were taken from several books and e-journals. Data collection techniques are carried out using documentation. Data analysis was carried out in 4 stages: data reduction, data presentation, validation and confirmation of conclusions. This research shows that romanticism emerged in the Arab world around the 20th century, brought by Khalil Mutran. This school opposes classicism, which limits the space for expression in poetry. The prominent characteristics of this school are At-Tabi’iyyah, Al-’āṭifah, Al-Khayāl, creative and free. Among the influences of romanticism is the rise of several romanticist literary movements that essentially reinforce the presence of romanticism. In addition, there was a renewal of magazines and newspapers.

Misapprehensions of a Caustic Eye: A. D. Hope and the Failure of Angry Penguins as a Modernist Literary Movement

ABSTRACT This article reconsiders A. D. Hope’s cutting appraisal of the group of young poets and artists from the University of Adelaide who have come to be known colloquially as “the Angry Penguins”. Setting aside the influence of the Ern Malley affair on the Penguins’ perceived importance, the article proposes that Hope has contributed fundamental misrepresentations about the identities of the Penguins cohort and their aspirations for Australian literary identity. Contrary to Hope’s opinion, the Angry Penguins—at least in the initial phase of their development—were not purveyors of an impenetrable brand of Australian surrealism, but were, rather, a group of diverse young poets advocating for the internationalisation of Australian cultural identity.

RELOOKING BEAT GENERATION AND THE SPIRIT OF REBELLION IN HOWL

In the history of American Literature, the Beat Generation secures a position which defines the spirit of protest in literature. The Beat Generation or Beat Movement was not only a literary movement but also a cultural movement that spearheaded several counter-cultural movements in the second half of twentieth-century America. This essay explores and examines the rebellious traits of the Beat Generation by addressing their style, technique, language and content. While the Beats were against the conformist values of post-war America, they also challenged the established traditional values. These challenges and protests are studied by analysing Allen Ginsberg’s poem “Howl”. As “Howl” marked the beginning of a new era in literature. The poem is not only rebellious in style or content, but it paved the way to an end to censorship of literary texts. The paper briefly delves into the history of the movement and how it corresponds with the content of the “Howl”.

C. S. Lewis Contra Mundum: How the Whole World Groaned and Found Itself Modernist

Just as Athanasius stood against Arianism (the ascendent faith of the ruling class of his day), Lewis stood against Modernism (the ascendent literary movement of his day). This paper will explore Lewis’s pugnacious resistance to Modernism, both as a literary-critic and as a writer of fiction, in the light of his core theological convictions, which include, like Athanasius, a firm belief in Incarnation—in the embodiment of Logos in the material world. In treating this topic, this paper will consider Lewis’s main opponent, Modernist poet T. S. Eliot, who seemingly represents all that Lewis fights against; it will explore the theological underpinnings of Lewis’s disagreement with Eliot and will evaluate Lewis’s desire to retain the image (broadly speaking) in the light of his profoundly Incarnational faith. What is more, it will aim to link that deeply Incarnational faith to his programme of literary re-enchantment.

C. S. Lewis’s Laugh at Modernism: The St(r)eam of Consciousness in “The Shoddy Lands”

Although C. S. Lewis wrote at a time when Modernism was in bloom, he highly decried this literary movement, clearly expressing his disapproval of the entire paradigm of that age. In the article “On Juvenile Tastes”, he claims that the contemporary literary world showed little concern with the narrative art, but more with literary novelties, a category in which he includes the famous technique of “the stream of consciousness”, which he critically nicknamed “the steam of consciousness”. Even if he never actually used this technique per se, he pretended to do so in the short story “The Shoddy Lands”, which explores the mind of Peggy, a very shallow character. The result is highly amusing and thought-provoking, showing in a literary manner his opinion about Modernism. This paper will analyse some aspects of the short story mentioned above in the light of the stream of consciousness technique and reveal Lewis’s intention in apparently engaging with this modernist psychological narrative mode.

LAS CONFIGURACIONES DE LA MEMORIA EN LA NOVELA INDIGENISTA LA SERPIENTE DE ORO

The present work has the purpose of planting the configurations of memory in the novel La Serpiente de Oro, by the Peruvian author Ciro Alegría, considering the Latin American indigenist movement, its context and importance, especially in Peru, seeking to highlight primarily the changes in the political scenario and social development of Latinoamérica, and the more active participation of indigenous peoples in Latin American society during the 19th century. In this way, with the aim of understanding the field of the literary production of the indigenist movement, Indigenism, the investigation is based on conjectures of anthropologists and historians such as Menezes (2015), who in the light of Baud (2003) support the conjecture of that Indigenism was a political and literary movement. In addition, this investigation analyzes the memorialistic questions in the previously mentioned narrative, considering, for example, the assumptions of Maurice Halbwachs in “A Memoria Coletiva” (2006). The literary critic manifests the idea that memory, when at a certain moment it is lost in new societies, the only way to keep them safe is through a narrative. In this sense, the indigenist soap operas, as well as the (authentic) indigenist movement, had the function of keeping indigenous memories safe, because it considers the reality of the indigenous person, as a man of the land.

Virility, fascism and regeneration in post‐Civil War Spain: On interpretations of literary Romanticism under the Franco regime

AbstractIn the years immediately following the Spanish Civil War, the political culture of Falangism developed a deeply gendered regenerationist discourse, which proposed that regeneration would only be possible if the nation recovered its virile attributes. This article focuses on a case study that allows us to better understand this gendered conception of the nation in terms of virility: the discourse developed around the Spanish Romantic writers of the 1830s, a literary movement difficult to incorporate within conceptions of the virile nation. This gained prominence particularly because several centenaries associated with these writers occurred during the war and post‐war period.

Lu Xun’s Heteromodal Realism

Abstract This article posits modern Chinese realism as heteromodal, capable of encompassing many modes of narration from a plurality of literary movements. Heteromodality results from the heterochronic Chinese importation of Western literary history, the simultaneous reception of what were originally successive historical periods. The fountainhead of heteromodal Chinese realism is Lu Xun’s 1918 “Diary of a Madman,” one of the first modern vernacular Chinese short stories. Though Lu Xun has long been considered a foundational writer of realism in China, critics have complicated this designation by pointing out his modernist or symbolist proclivities. This article redefines Lu Xun’s realism by enlarging the scope of inquiry beyond “Diary” itself to scrutinize its main Russian intertexts: Nikolai Gogol’s 1835 story “Diary of a Madman” and Leonid Andreev’s 1904 novella Red Laugh. Examining the elements that Lu Xun’s story cannibalizes from Russian intertexts, which have themselves defied straightforward categorizations such as realism, the article intervenes in long-standing discussions about the nature of realism in modern China and, more broadly, in recent conversations about peripheral realism.

IMPACT OF BRITISH LITERATURE ON GLOBAL LITERATURE

The influence of British literature on global literature is enormous. In so many ways, British literature has influenced world literature. The Anglo-Saxon period established the British literature tradition, which continues to influence world literature today. In this blog post, we will look at various aspects of British literature's influence on global literature. The study of literary works from the United Kingdom and other countries around the world is known as British and world literature. It includes classic and contemporary works, often translated into English, that reflect regional and historical cultural and social norms. Individuals who study British and world literature gain insights into the historical, social, and cultural contexts in which the works were written. This allows for a better understanding of human experiences and the appreciation of different points of view. British literature composition is the process of creating written works in the English language that originate in or are related to the United Kingdom. This includes works written by British authors throughout history in the genres of fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction. Different literary movements, such as Medieval, Renaissance, Romanticism, and Postmodernism, have shaped the evolution of British literature composition. The composition of British literature has had a significant impact on the literary world and continues to inspire many contemporary writers.

Краеугольный камень советской литературы: РАПП и литературный процесс 1920–30-х годов как предмет изучения (историографическое введение)

This article is devoted to the historiography of the RAPP, the literary process of the 1920s, and the history of the falsification of the role which the “proletarian literary movement” played in literary development until 1932. RAPP was not only the main instrument of Party control in literature – and from the late 1920s to 1932 a monopolist – but was also a testing ground for the state art of Socialist Realism. But after the the Central Committee Resolution all public mentions of the RAPP were ceased. In the post-Stalin period, the historical and literary process of the 1920s began to be portrayed in a more complex way, but RAPP remained an institution non grata, although its careful rehabilitation was set in motion. Despite RAPP’s central place in the early Soviet literary process, it has turned out to be the least studied. This situation, when one of the key institutional foundations of Soviet literature of the 1920s and early 30s was dismantled and never subsequently adequately studied, created a distorted picture of the literary process that did not allow for an understanding of how it was controlled and managed by the Soviet Writers’ Union based on the management model tested in RAPP.

Жанровые дефиниции в современной читательской литературной критике

The article studies definitions of genre that exist in mass readers’ minds and appear in their book reviews. While readers’ literary criticism and other forms of online-communication per se are now beginning to draw scientific interest, the problem of genre in fiction book reviews written by readers has been underinvestigated. Non-professional literary critics have a rather vague idea of literary genres that often lacks logic and does not comply with traditional hierarchy of genres. Readers try to fit the text they have read into a genre system they understand, but if it does not fit they create or coin a new genre definition that reflects their own understanding of the text, how they define its subject matter and what the text made them think about. In the minds of novice readers genre definition is closely related to the plot and their personal opinion of the book. Genre criteria analysis is often overlooked or seems arbitrary, oftentimes readers use the first genre definition that comes to their minds, i.e. a socially-agreed-upon definition, a convenient definition, a general definition, or a definition that has been widely used lately (for example, in the movie or book advertisements). Using their own reading experience, reviewers create their own reader’s glossary, in which literary movement is intertwined with their own estimation of the book quality, stylistic devices are mixed up with the author’s individual writing style, and reader’s emotional response becomes a genre criterion.