Literary Heritage Research Articles

ABBAS SƏHHƏT – UŞAQ ƏDƏBİYYATININ ƏVƏZSİZ SİMASI

Abbas Sahhat – the Independent Face of Children's Literature Summary The mobility that began in the first decades of the 19th century gained serious content in the literary and cultural environment with enrichments throughout the century, with the arrival of new creative forces in science, culture, and literature. It explains what is standing in the general flow of coming to the twentieth century and also the specifics of the directions. A.Sahhat with all its activity, exuberant and rich talent becomes an example of this awakening, of demonstrating high cultural intelligence as a concept of national self-awareness. School, textbook, science, education, upbringing of the young generation, etc. multifaceted activities carried out in the directions clarify the irreversibility of the peripheral content and the specificity of the strengthening trends to the national aspect. "Farmer", "Ziya", "Kashkul", "Eastern Rus", etc. the problems raised on the pages of such press organizations, as well as the correspondence of large groups of intellectuals and the piling up of ongoing difficulties brought the solution to the forefront at different levels, and also focused attention on it. A.Sahhat's rich literary heritage, the content covered by him at the level of children's poetry aims to explain them with complete clarity. Rooted in the romantic spirit, this river specifies mobility over the riches of the people as a rock. Analyzing them in a broad context necessitates synchronic and diachronic approaches. Key words: A.Sahhat, children's poems, story, fable, play, article

Elaborarea fundamentelor etnoculturale ale identităţii naţionale din RSSM (1944-1954)

The study addresses an important topic related to the manufacture of ethnocultural bases of national identity in the MSSR in the first decade after its creation. The author analyzes how the theory of ethnogenesis and the history of the ”Moldovan people” was elaborated and how the theorizing regarding the concept of its Slavic and Latin-Slavic origin evolved. An important emphasis is placed on reflecting the discussions on the capitalization of the classical literary heritage, the selective recognition of some representatives of the classical Romanian literature, as well as their inclusion in the literary pantheon of the MSSR as representatives of the ”Moldovan culture”, made in a narrow frame offered by the theoretical scheme on the ”Moldovan people”.

Formation of moral values in the educational process through the ancient literary heritage

In this article, the use of innovative technologies in the educational process is considered as a productive tool for teaching ancient literary heritage. We are talking about the knowledge of the ancient literary heritage, the influence of man on the formation of his knowledge. Methodological recommendations related to the use of ancient literary heritage in the learning process were also made. The problem of accumulation, processing and dissemination of information is one of the most important tools at all stages of human development and in all fields of activity, including in the learning process. Therefore, in the article the features of the formation of moral values among students through the use of Kh.A. Yasavi's hikmets in the educational process were analyzed and differentiated from a new point of view. The study used the method of comparative analysis, which attached great importance to the essence of pedagogical conditions in the educational process. It is proved that teaching ancient literary heritage with adaptation to new innovative technologies especially contributes to the development of human qualities in students, the growth of a versatile personality. The article shows teachers effective ways to teach ancient literary heritage using innovative methods.

James Baldwin in the USSR and Post-Soviet Countries, 1970s–2010s

This article explores the history of Baldwin Studies in the USSR and post-Soviet countries (Azerbajian, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine), which is illustrative of literary approaches and interpretations characteristic of Soviet scholarship. First translations of his short stories, essays, and the play Blues for Mr. Charlie appeared in the early 1960s, followed by commentaries in leading Soviet literary and popular journals. For ideological reasons, in the 1960–70s the focus was on the writer’s public stance and involvement in the civil rights movement. It was only in the years of perestroika—“openness”—and the 1990s that his oeuvre in its entirety began to be discussed without taboos, omissions, or ideological bias. In the 2000s, the focus shifted to discussions of aspects of Baldwin’s method and peculiarities of his style. At present, James Baldwin is regarded as a key personality in contemporary US literature, though interest in his literary heritage has somewhat subsided.

Educational Poets of Uzbekistan and Indonesia: Usman Nasir and Chairil Anwar.

The subjects of our research are Usman Nasir (1913-1944) and Chairil Anwar (1922-1949). Comparative study of Uzbek poet Usman Nasir and Indonesian poet Chairil Anwar allows us to uncover hidden truths of both history and literature. Comparative study can explore the remarkable similarities and features much more deeply than studying just one thing. In addition, not only will the literature of the two countries be renewed, but literary cooperation between the two countries will be strengthened. During the short lives of these two poets — about thirty years apart — they left behind original works that contributed to the rich literary heritage of their country. They were able to capture the suffering of their people in writing. They were also punished for using such bitter words. However, they continued to create until the very end of their lives.

NAHJ AL-FARADIS” AND KAZAKH WRITTEN LITERATURE BEGAN 20 TH CENTURY: SPIRITUAL HARMONY AND CONTINUITY OF TRADITION

The influence of certain historical processes and historical events on the history of the formation of any state is a natural phenomenon. One of the most important historical periods in the formation of independent Kazakhstan is the period of the Golden Horde. Today, propaganda of this era at the state level shows that this period is a truly important phenomenon. Of particular importance is the study of the political-social, historical-cultural, spiritual-literary heritage of this state, which marked almost three hundred years of history and left the ancient territory as a legacy to the Kazakh people. In particular, it can be said that the main task of literary scholars is to study the influence of the literary heritage recorded during this period on the formation of the Kazakh national worldview in later eras and its propaganda among the public today. Here is the work of Mahmut bin Ghali al-Bulgari al-Sarai al-Kerderi, written in a religious-didactic column entitled “Nahj al-Faradis” (“The Open Path of Paradise”), one of such literary relics. Here is the work of Mahmut bin Ghali al-Bulgari al-Sarai al-Kerderi, written in a religious-didactic column entitled “Nahj al-Faradis” (“The Open Path of Paradise”), one of such literary relics. The article comparatively studies the place of the medieval literary relic in the literature of the Turkic-Muslim peoples and its influence on the Kazakh written literature of the early 20th century, spiritual harmony and continuity of tradition between the works of poets.

THE STORY “ZINDAN” BY GAYAZ ISKHAKI IN THE LITERARY CONTEXT OF THE EPOCH

The classic of Tatar literature Gayaz Iskhaki was born in Kutlushkino (Yaushirma) village of Chistopolsky district in the family of a famous mullah who engaged in education and charity. First, he received knowledge, love for books and reading from parents and maternal grandmother and later in the day school of the village. He continued his studies in a famous in the Muslim world of Russia and the countries of the East madrasah of Zakir Kamalov, which not only produced future imams, hazrats, but also teachers for other madrasahs. This period of his life spent in Chistopolsky district laid the foundation for the worldview of the future writer and thinker and played an important role in shaping the personality of G. Ishaki. It was there, in the Chistopolsky prison, that the autobiographical novel "Zindan" was written, which testifies to his passion for revolutionary ideas and reflects the real facts from the life of the Chistopolsky prison. The autobiographical work "Zindan" is based on real events and provided with various historical and cultural facts and details from the literary life of the epoch. The text reflects the perception of current events by the writer who was the witness and an active participant in them. The novel "Zindan" was published in a separate edition in Kazan in 1907. Due to the humanity of the censor N.F. Katanov, the book was not confiscated and criminal prosecution against the author was not initiated. The interest of the Central Committee of Foreign Censorship of St. Petersburg manifested in 1908 in relation to the work of G. Iskhaki led to a thorough examination of the content of "Zindan" by another member of the Kazan Provisional Committee for Press Affairs N.I. Ashmarin in order to search for places with signs of "crimes". His review led to the decision of the Committee to seize Iskhaki's pamphlet "Zindan" because of the illegal content, bringing the author to criminal responsibility under the article 129 of the Criminal Code. The author of the article summarized the material on the period from the biography of G. Iskhaki spent in Chistopolsky district and revealed the great work of the scientific community of Tatarstan to return its literary heritage to the history of Tatar literature of the twentieth century. The interpretation of the story "Zindan" by various literary critics in the historical, cultural and literary context of the epoch showed that the story "Zindan" in the form of a prison chronicle introduced new ideological and thematic tones into Tatar literature and gave impetus to the rapid development of the autobiographical genre in Tatar literature being of high value as a historical source.

ДИГИТАЛИЗАЦИЈАТА НА МАКЕДОНСКОТО РАКОПИСНО НАСЛЕДСТВО И РАЗВОЈОТ НА НАУЧНИТЕ ИСТРАЖУВАЊА

In the era of globalization, the digitization of literary heritage is a priority task in cultural policy, as it allows for the affirmation and validation of cultural identity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of digital culture in the study of Macedonian medieval literary manuscripts. Manuscripts available online through digital libraries, both inside and outside of Macedonia, are of particular importance to us. Our goal is to prove that a long-term digitization strategy is necessary to ensure quick access to the entire manuscript heritage.

XVIII CENTURY AZERBAIJAN HISTORICAL REALITY AND LITERATURE

Throughout the entire history of mankind, literature has been a fact of the time of its creation. When we look at the issue both in a universal context and in a local one, we see approximately the same picture. Just as Homer is a fact of ancient Greece, the work of the genius Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi of the 12th century is considered to be the fact of the mighty Seljuk Empire, the state of the Atabays of Azerbaijan. Khagani Shirvani's literary heritage, dominated by rebellious and grievous motives, was a literary phenomenon caused by the state of the Shirvanshahs, the Akhsitan dynasty. The invasion of the Mongols, the invasion of Emir Timur, the period-specific manifestations of discontent against oppression and slavery, the spread of philanthropy and the phenomenon of Imadaddin Nasimi.. The work of Alishir Navai, the Uzbek-Chagatai poet and statesman of the 15th century, the author of the first “Khamsa” in Turkic, and the great Turkic culture, which was called the Timurid renaissance, were echoes of Huseyn Baygara's rule which lasted 37 years, in culture, science and literature. The establishment of the Safavid state of Azerbaijan in the XVI century and the fact that Azerbaijan remained the “metropolis and central province of the state” (Efendiyev, 2007: 11) throughout the century, the domestic and foreign policy has had a direct impact on the change of the direction of literature. The biggest event was the stabilization of the tradition of writing in the Azerbaijani language, the preference for the folk language, and the rapid development of ashug poetry. If in the literature of three centuries ago there was a palace splendor, then in the poetry of this period there is already a roar of battlefields, heroic motives surpass love poems, ashug poetry, which is closer to the people, and therefore has a lot of influence and propaganda power. The 18th century Azerbaijani literature is also a “mirror that shows the straight and the crooked” of its time. The article examines the most important events in the history of Azerbaijan of the XVIII century, their influence on the development of literature and features of their reflection in artistic works.

The first literary text of the Yakut tradition in the aspect of new approaches to poetics

The article provides in-depth the issue of the first literary text, which serves as the foundation for the development of literature as a distinct system apart from the oral tradition. In this context, we aim to revisit the question of which work by A.E. Kulakovsky should be regarded as the inaugural text of Yakut literature: the chronologically first by its conception and composition or the first by publication, which became widely known to readership. The paper forwards a hypothetical proposition of the importance of the publication of A.E. Kulakovsky’s first poem “Oath of Abasy” in 1908, which was selected by the author himself from the entire corpus of his early body of work. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the first poem by A.E. Kulakovsky in the aspect of poetics of the literary text itself. The research objectives include the analysis of the poem in the aspect of identifying the “poetic principle” within and in the context of the formation of the literary text as a whole, which determined the principles of formation of the poet’s literary poetics. The results of the analysis of A.E. Kulakovsky’s first poem demonstrate that it was this exact work, rather than “Algys to Baianai”, should be seen as the first literary text of the tradition, symbolising the beginning of literature as a new type of text, distinct from folklore. Analysis of this poem confirms that literature, unlike folklore, is aimed from the start at the author’s creation of the poetic principle proper, which permeates the text on all its levels. The scientific justification of “the primary text” of Yakut literary tradition should be considered as a fully motivated departure from the ideological assessments, characteristic of Soviet literary criticism and, in particular, in the history of studying the literary heritage of A.E. Kulakovsky.

"Diwani Hikmet" Collection Versions and Their Textology

The scientific article “Versions of the collection “Diwani hikmet” and their textology” is devoted to the analysis of different collection versions Hoja Ahmed Yasawi hikmets, known as “Diwan Hikmet”. The article covers the issues of textology, variant text and its evolution over time. The study begins with a historical overview of the collection, emphasizing its importance in the cultural and literary heritage. The authors examine various versions of “Diwani Hikmet” and offer a detailed textual analysis, identifying differences and similarities between them. The main emphasis is on identifying variants of the text introduced by different copyists and editors over time. The authors consider the influence of cultural and historical contexts in shaping these versions, and highlight key points that determine textual diversity. The article also emphasizes the importance of this study for a better understanding of the Sufi poetry and philosophy of Hoja Ahmed Yasawi. The authors argue that analyzing the textuality of Diwani hikmet not only reveals its evolution, but also helps shed light on the historical and cultural aspects of Sufism in Kazakhstan. Thus, the article provides a valuable perspective on the «Diwani Hikmet» collection versions, its textology and its significance for understanding the spiritual heritage of Hoja Ahmed Yasawi in the modern research context.

An Eco-Translatology Approach to Analyzing the English and Arabic Translations of Pamuk's My Name is Red

The trajectory of translating Pamuk’s literary heritage into more than sixty languages attracts the attention of a number of scholars (e.g. Horta, 2017, EriŞ, 2019). Pamuk’s unique mingling of Eastern and Western cultures makes it significant to scrutinize the dispositions and worldviews of translators. This paper aims at depicting the eco-linguistic cultural plethora of factors that play a role in the translator’s lexico-grammatical decisions. To this end, the English translation of Pamuk’s My Name is Red by Göknar (2001), as well as the Arabic one by Abdulli (2000) are dissected. Lexico-cultural behaviours concomitant to the representation of nature in both target texts are analysed. Results shed light on how eco-translatology can help inform and give insights to modern translation studies.

Exploring the Depths of the Afro - American Literary Heritage: Yaa Gyasi's Homegoing as a Case study

Exploring the Depths of the Afro - American Literary Heritage: Yaa Gyasi's Homegoing as a Case study

RELEVANSI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA INDONESIA DI ERA DIGITAL

Advances in digital technology have significantly changed the educational landscape, including the teaching and learning of literature. This research explores the relevance and sustainability of learning Indonesian literature in a digital environment. It examines the dynamics, challenges and opportunities that arise from digital platforms in the context of Indonesian literature education. It explores how digital tools and resources are reshaping pedagogical approaches, curriculum development, and student engagement in the study of Indonesian literature. Using a qualitative methodology it investigates the perceptions of educators, students and stakeholders regarding the integration of digital technologies in literature learning. It examines the effectiveness of digital platforms in increasing access to Indonesian literary works, encouraging critical thinking skills, and promoting cultural appreciation and identity. It also assesses the sustainability of digital initiatives in literature education, taking into account factors such as infrastructure, digital literacy and institutional support. The findings of this study contribute to the discourse on the role of digital technology in maintaining the relevance and vibrancy of learning Indonesian literature. Ultimately, this research advocates for a balanced approach that integrates traditional pedagogical principles with innovative digital practices to enrich the learning experience and preserve appreciation for Indonesia's literary heritage.

Hachan Markas Lavrinovičius’ commitment to the Karaim language Trakai dialect preservation and revitalisation

The paper introduces Markas Lavrinovičius’ most significant jobs in the Karaim cultural heritage preservation and revitalisation. Markas Lavrinovičius (1938–2011) was a Doctor of Science, Lithuanian Karaims’ Hachan, and the Chairman of the Lithuanian Karaims’ Religious Community. He was an active Karaim community member who made an important contribution to the language research and its revival. He described Karaim customs and traditions, compiled Karaim literary heritage, and prepared it for publication; he also described the Biblical stories in the Karaim language, translated relative Turkic-speaking nations’ folk fairy tales into Karaim, and compiled and computerised the Russian-Karaim dictionary. In addition, the article contains a review of the Karaim language coursebook titled 100 karaj tiliniń üriatiuviu. Troch karaj sioziu ([100 Karaim language lessons. Trakai dialect]) – one of his most significant works, containing a thorough research on the Karaim grammar, conducted by Markas Lavrinovičius and Diana Lavrinovič. Despite being surrounded by non-Turkic languages for 625 years, the Karaim language Trakai dialect has managed to preserve its purity and remain untouched throughout the centuries. Unfortunately, it currently faces the threat of extinction. Therefore, teaching the mother tongue was Markas Lavrinovičius’ ultimate goal.

Bridging the Digital Divide: Developing Local Digital Heritage Content and Investigating Localized Digital Solutions

Abstract The digital divide, in my view, is not only created due to the lack of local contents but also due to the fact that few digital contents from local sources are found in the digital libraries of higher education in Ethiopia. Likewise, the creation and dissemination of local contents could be facilitated not only by the presence of local digital contents but also by the presence of usable digital technology at a local level. This article aims to give a practical solution to bridging the digital divide by unlocking local heritage knowledge through creating digital contents from locally grown literary heritage as well as by developing a localised digital library system. Therefore, this article presents the research processes and results that were undertaken to unlock local heritage knowledge and developed the localised digital library system: customising a free and open-source software; digitising and translating the local literary heritage contents; and building the digitised and translated literary heritage contents into the localised digital libraries, which Greenstone digital library software was used to customise into local use. The English version of the Greenstone user interface (macro files) was translated into the Tigrinya language, one of the locally spoken languages in Ethiopia. For translation purposes, a list of suitable and compatible Tigrinya words and phrases that basically fit with the meaning of the English version of the Greenstone spreadsheet was developed. As a result of this translation work, the Tigrinya language interface has become one of the languages that are included in Greenstone digital library software version 2.83 for the first time (Language short name=ti “long name=ትግርኛ (Tigrinya)” default encoding=utf-8). To unlock the heritage knowledge and build the localised digital library with local digital collections, a sample of Ethiopia’s ancient Ge’ez parchment manuscripts were digitised and translated into Tigrinya and English languages. To facilitate the retrieval of information and to be easily recognised by internet search engines in the Tigrinya language, a local specific metadata standard for Ethiopia’s ancient Ge’ez parchment manuscripts was developed at three hierarchical levels, at manuscript level, at chapter level and at page level, with each translated page tagged using HTML. To facilitate the link between the translated text and the corresponding digital image, an “item” file was created using a WordPad. As a result, three collections were built into the customised digital library: the digitised image of the Abushakir manuscript as well as the Tigrinya and English translated texts of the same manuscripts. The functionality and usability of the localised digital system was tested by searching keywords and browsing titles from the built collection of the Tigrinya text and the original digital image of the manuscript. The result of this test shows that the localised digital library system is capable of allowing end-users to discover the information they want at the granular level from digital content of the local literary heritage. Therefore, further manuscript collection through digitisation, translating into local language and building the digitised collection into this localised digital library system is necessary for wider access to the local literary heritage digital content and for bridging the digital divide in the long-term.

Deconstruction of Cultural Location: Evaluation of Dvija Kanai as the Pioneer of Namasudra Literature

Despite being one of the largest ethnic communities in Bengal delta, the Namasudras have never been acknowledged in the domain of production of knowledge, especially literature. The present article is a maiden attempt to locate the root of their literary heritage and to evaluate their contribution to literature. In this endeavour, the article transcends the Namasudra history that began in 1812, and goes beyond it, especially in the medieval period. It argues that the medieval folk poet Dvija Kanai who composed a folk ballad named Mahua was the first literary representative of this community. In this respect, this article deconstructs the modern literary culture of Namasudras, namely Dalit literature in which they have made a significant contribution. It argues that, unlike the modern Dalit Namasudra writers, the folk poet Dvija Kanai was the pioneer of Namasudra literature. 1

Female images in A.P. Platonov's fairy tales

This article examines female images based on the material of A.P. Platonov's fairy tales. The purpose of the study is to expand the understanding of the author's literary heritage, as well as to show important aspects of human nature, human relations and the role of women in history and culture. The tasks that were solved within the framework of this study: 1) to analyze the role of women in Platonov's fairy tales; 2) to study the image of women through the prism of the socio-cultural context; 3) to identify the types of fairy-tale heroines found in the works of A.P. Platonov. The heroines of fairy tales are represented by such female images as the "heroine-savior" or "warrior woman", "evil stepmother", "good fairy" or "sorceress", wise "old lady". The methods used are literary analysis, typological analysis, cultural approach, structural method and others. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that for the first time the material of analysis is female images in A.P. Platonov's fairy tales. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the following conclusions were made: the study of female images in Andrei Platonov's fairy tales allows us to see a variety of typological images of women, socio-cultural features inherent in his works, features of domestic life, motherhood and other aspects related to women. Studying these aspects helps to broaden the reader's horizons. The heroines also serve as a critique of social norms and values, to identify problems of inequality, discrimination or injustice. Studying these images helps to understand the difficulties and challenges faced by women, their role and position in society, their rights, responsibilities and limitations. The author uses female images as symbols or metaphors to convey certain ideas or concepts, they help to expand the understanding of the text and discover hidden meanings.

A Literature Review on Karabakh Women Poets of the 19th Century

The 19th century was the beginning of a period in the history of Azerbaijan in which new views, different approaches, and judgments emerged. The upheavals in social life as a matter, of course, led to the awakening of literary and artistic thoughts, and enlightenment, and elucidated the development of public, ethnic, and national identity. In the 19th century, the poetic assemblies functioning in Karabakh contributed to the development of literature, especially poetry, and the inclusion of poetry in social life and its impact on it. Thanks to the "Meclis-i Uns" and "Meclis-i Feramushan" literary assemblies, poets living in Karabakh came together and depicted the problems of the period, social life, and nature in their poems. Referring to these literary samples, it is feasible to see the view of 19th-century Karabakh. Aghabeyim Agha, Khurshidbanu Natavan, Fatma Khanim Kamina, and Ashuq Peri were female poets grown up in the Karabakh literary environment in the 19th century. Research related to the life, art, and literary personality of women poets who grew up in Karabakh was thoroughly scrutinized and investigated based on the qualitative method in the article. As a result of our research, we have come to the following conclusions; There is a need to prepare coherent comparative texts from the work of female poets. The works of these poets were published due to the permission of Soviet censorship. Poems with religious content were not included in these books, and Sufi works were presented as secular and divine poems. Keywords: Karabakh, Enlightenment, Poet, Literary Heritage, Azerbaijan.

The Nobel Prize in Literature: An Analysis of Success Stories and Development of Possible Recommendations

ABSTRACT The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of a wide readership in the criteria for selecting nominees and the choice of laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature in the world, as well as the main factors that help to win. The purpose of this article is to study the creativity of writers and poets who received the award over the past three years from the viewpoint of national identity, language and its linguistic status, translation aspect, reception of creativity and influence on the world community, and readiness to solve global issues of humanity through their manifestation in texts. The methodological basis of the article is a theoretical and comparative approach to the linguistic analysis of the literary heritage of one author or another. This article points out the main issues that exist in the international community in determining the nominees and laureates of the Nobel Prize; it characterizes how national identity, the use of national language resources, and the presence or absence of translations of literary works influence the choice of the winner; it also considers how political and global processes can affect the selection of candidates, as well as how the main recommendations were formulated.