Literary Development Research Articles

Slovenian Poet and Austrian Writer: Maja Haderlap’s «Hybrid» Identity and Overcoming Post-Memory Trauma

The cоntemporary literature of the Slovene minority living in Austrian Carinthia is a special phenomenon that combines national and multicultural components, as well as bilingualism. A striking example of this is the work of M. Haderlap (b. 1961), who writes poetry in Slovenian and prose in German. Her German-language novel «Engel des Vergessens» («Angel pozabe», 2011) is about the collective trauma of the past experienced by the Slovenian population who participated in the anti-fascist resistance during the Second World War (physical extermination and deportation to concentration camps), had a wide resonance in the European German-speaking sociocultural space. The plot is based on the personal story of the writer’s grandmother and father, who went through the Gestapo and Ravensbrück. One of the ways to express his attitude to a tragic topic and at the same time overcome the consequences of the post-memory mechanism was the choice of language for the author. By creating a novel in the language of the national majority on a topic that is «inconvenient» for its speakers and painful for the national minority, Haderlap, firstly, makes an attempt to distance himself from personal experiences, and secondly, to attract the attention of the general Austrian public to historical injustice, to evoke fellow citizens an impulse to repentance. The hybrid identity of the writer, who perceives her bilingualism as an undeniable advantage of creative self-expression, reflects the real trends in the literary development of Europe: the monolingual paradigm is being replaced by a focus on poly-and heteroglossia.

The Major Additions in the Samaritan Pentateuch Tradition

Abstract One of the most prominent characteristics of the SP tradition is the inclusion of major additions in the text, which consist of material duplicated from other parts of the Pentateuch. While most of these additions involve mechanical and faithful copying of the Pentateuchal material, this paper discusses four major additions that reflect distinctive editorial practices. The editors responsible for these additions slightly revise the copied material, primarily through moderate-sized omissions, in a manner that responds to the tension and congestion inherent within it. Recognizing the peculiarity of this group of variants has implications for the literary development of the SP.

MORAL LESSONS AND VALUES IN UZBEK AND KOREAN FAIRY TALES: AN INSIGHT INTO CULTURAL BELIEFS

In recent years, Uzbek folklore has become increasingly interested in comparing it with the folklore of other peoples and nationalities. Comparing the features of a number of genres created at the stage of the nation’s literary development - fairy tales, epics, ritual folklore, this article is of great importance in establishing literary cooperation in the era of the Third Renaissance.The common features of Uzbek and Korean folklore genres are the presence of folk heroes and legends, who express courage and resourcefulness, and often go on epic journeys or quests. These heroes are revered in their cultures for their extraordinary qualities and deeds as symbols of strength and virtue

The Influence of African Heritage on Afro-American Literary Expression

This research paper explores the profound influence of African heritage on Afro-American literary expression. It begins by examining the historical context, emphasizing the impact of the transatlantic slave trade and early Afro-American literature's retention of African cultural elements. The Harlem Renaissance is highlighted as a pivotal moment that celebrated African roots and set the stage for future literary developments. Central themes derived from African heritage, such as resistance, resilience, and connection to ancestry, are analyzed, illustrating their prominence in both historical and contemporary works. The paper deal with storytelling techniques and narrative structures influenced by African oral traditions, folktales, and myths, highlighting how these elements enrich Afro-American literature. The use of rhythmic language, communal narration, and the call- and-response pattern are discussed as significant aspects that enhance narrative depth and cultural authenticity. The integration of African symbols, music, and communal values as cultural motifs is explored, showcasing how these elements infuse literary works with layers of meaning and cultural resonance. The reclamation of African identity is a key focus, with discussions on Afrocentric perspectives in modern literature, the impact of the Black Arts Movement, and contemporary literary movements. The challenges and opportunities of navigating dual heritage and cultural hybridity are addressed, emphasizing the complexities of identity formation and cultural expression.

Archiater Caesarius: Johannes Crato as Philip Sidney’s Forgotten Mentor?

Philip Sidney’s European sojourn (1572–1575) proved to be a formative experience, one that shaped his political and literary development. Unsurprisingly, it has received much commentary. However, one rather neglected sphere of influence on Sidney’s education that deserves fuller attention is the coterie of high-standing and learned figures based in Central Europe, many of whom Sidney either corresponded with or met in person. This paper will examine – using the example of the German humanist Johannes Crato von Krafftheim (1519–1585), personal physician to three Holy Roman Emperors, as a case study – how Sidney might have been inspired by the unique continental area of irenicism and the flourishing of new ways of understanding Man and Nature by means of medicine and botany.

BULGARIAN LITERARY POETICS AND STYLISTICS IN THE PERIOD 1970 - 2020

This article is a fragment of a larger study, which is intended to be a chapter of a collective monograph with the working title “Bulgarian Literary Studies – History, Poetics, and Stylistics during the Past Half-Century”. The time span covers the decades fom 1970 to 2020, and the methodology of the ambitious review includes descriptive, but also theoretical-judgmental and critical discourse. Initially the target audience of the volume was the foreign reader, for whom the Bulgarian literary studies are outlined against the background of the large Slavic family of literary schools. However, our claims are that it would be interesting and useful to the Bulgarian reader as well. The article offers a brief overview of the development and state of Bulgarian literary and theoretical thought in the last five decades. It traces the schools, conceptual ideas, and traditions in the study of literature over the ambitious period of half a century, including biographical texts by literary theorists and specialists in literary poetics and stylistics. Specific analyses of Bulgarian and world literary classics are also provided, illustrating the directions and trends in the development of Bulgarian literary and academic thought. The main representatives of several generations of literary theorists, known not only in Bulgaria, but also in Europe and the world, have been selected. The tangible results are outlined, as well as the perspectives in the development of literary theory in Bulgaria and, in general, the future of literary poetics and stylistics in the world of new media and changed receptive and creative realities.

Краеугольный камень советской литературы: РАПП и литературный процесс 1920–30-х годов как предмет изучения (историографическое введение)

This article is devoted to the historiography of the RAPP, the literary process of the 1920s, and the history of the falsification of the role which the “proletarian literary movement” played in literary development until 1932. RAPP was not only the main instrument of Party control in literature – and from the late 1920s to 1932 a monopolist – but was also a testing ground for the state art of Socialist Realism. But after the the Central Committee Resolution all public mentions of the RAPP were ceased. In the post-Stalin period, the historical and literary process of the 1920s began to be portrayed in a more complex way, but RAPP remained an institution non grata, although its careful rehabilitation was set in motion. Despite RAPP’s central place in the early Soviet literary process, it has turned out to be the least studied. This situation, when one of the key institutional foundations of Soviet literature of the 1920s and early 30s was dismantled and never subsequently adequately studied, created a distorted picture of the literary process that did not allow for an understanding of how it was controlled and managed by the Soviet Writers’ Union based on the management model tested in RAPP.

Addressing socio-scientific issues with interactive concept cartoons: design of a web-based educational instrument

ABSTRACT A goal of science education is for students to develop scientific literacy. Scientific literacy involves the acquisition of factual scientific knowledge and the ability to assess the credibility of scientific assertation. Furthermore, students should be able to include ethical considerations. Realising this goal is complicated because it requires the development of argumentation skills, content knowledge, and an understanding of Nature of Science. Teachers struggle to apply effective strategies in the classroom. Few studies have shed light on usable, effective strategies. Therefore, the research goal is to identify features that encourage students to explore socio-scientific issues. To stimulate the development of scientific literary and support teachers, a web-based educational instrument was designed. In this study, the effects and influences of its features in the context of socio-scientific issues are investigated. The instrument provides a sequence of concept cartoons alternated with an interactive diagram. The instrument is deployed in 14 classrooms in both primary and secondary schools. In this paper, we present the educational instrument and report on its practical implementation and its constituent features. The results indicate that students show active involvement during their interaction with the instrument and reveal both the merits and challenges regarding the various features.

WAYS TO EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF WORDS IN ELEMENTARY GRADES

In the article, in the classes of mother tongue and reading literacy, enrichment of students' vocabulary, development of connected speech, development of literary and aesthetic thinking, formation of speech culture, development of speech effectiveness and students' language The methods of activation of the horse are discussed.

On Suwenxue 俗文學 and Its Status under Different Literary Views

The connotation of suwenxue 俗文學 has an inextricable relationship with a particular view of literature. Different views of literature have their respective prescribed values, which bring different understandings of suwenxue and different evaluations of its status in literary history. Rather than defining suwenxue based on its external features, this article examines it from three representative literary views: the Chinese traditional literary view, the literary view under the Tang-Song transition hypothesis, and Zheng Zhenduo's 鄭振鐸 (1898–1958) literary view. The Chinese traditional literary view centers on articulating Confucian emotions and conveying the Confucian Dao. Accordingly, suwenxue falls within the scope of unorthodox literature and has a lower literary status. The progressive historical view of the Tang-Song transition hypothesis—that suwenxue originated from poetry and prose— represents the direction of literary development and should be accorded high status. Finally, Zheng Zhenduo takes suwenxue as a literary discipline, a fresh and original view that expands the territory of Chinese literature.

Reconciling what is and was: hybrid and remixed literature in an environmental time

Recent literary developments, in digital culture and in marginal and hybrid forms, offer us new ways to reconcile our relationship with time, history and human agency. Remixed and hybrid forms, as shown, can unify disparate rhythms and frames, different temporal references from different historical periods, in one synthesized rhythmico-temporal environment. In a perceiving subject, the experience highlights a general poiesis of making and presents itself as a form of agency that can be applied to everyday life through an enhanced understanding of time, rhythm and material culture.

Climatic Changes and Its Role in the Formation of Literary Styles of Dari Language and Literature

In this article, reliable explanations have been given about the concept of climate according to the definitions of this term in old and new dictionaries of the Dari language. Also, the extensive verbal and semantic use of this term in the poetry of poets of different styles of Dari Persian has been argued by giving examples of the poems of famous Dari language poets. In the same way, the literary developments of the Dari language that took place in the poetry and prose of this language and its characteristics in terms of form and meaning due to climatic changes were discussed. The formation of literary styles in the Dari language and its nature as a result of accepting more features that have been the result of the impact and necessity of the climate and environment have been reflected according to the views and opinions of researchers and experts.

Filling in the gaps: early middle English, nationalist philology, and reparative codicology

ABSTRACT Ongoing interventions by antiracist scholars and activists demonstrate the lasting impact that the racist, nationalist, and colonialist foundation of the field has had on modern perceptions of the pre-Conquest English past and those who study it. This article identifies the impact of the same ideologies on the study of early Middle English literatures and its place in canonical accounts. The deployment of medieval English literatures in a teleological effort to establish histories of whiteness and legitimize white colonial superiority. However, close interrogation of the linguistic and literary developments of the period threatened the very structures they were invoked to sustain. Effectively, early Middle English was placed in a medial position that invoked its presence only to deny its importance. This article offers an alternative. Eve Sedgwick's conception of ‘reparative reading’ has resonances with both the material forms in which early Middle English is preserved, and the human experiences that underlie that preservation. Fragmentary lyrics, like the couplet from Poema Morale, provide an example. These snippets point to the presence of a widely circulating ‘cultural repository’ that could negotiate the structures of institutional (primarily Latinate) literacy and opened those frameworks to dynamic participation by a wide range of readers and users.

Factors Affecting Bilingual Learning

This article thoroughly explores the advantages of bilingual education through a literature review of previous research results, paying particular attention to motivation, self-identity, ethnic identity, and learner background. The examination of motivation is comprehensive, revealing its dynamic nature and combining motivation and self-efficacy to demonstrate its profound impact on academic outcomes. Furthermore, the article highlights the critical role of self-identity and national identity, illustrating the association between cultural awareness and language acquisition. In this section, the article finds that cultivating early national identity positively impacts childrens literary development. Also, the use of language plays a crucial role in self-identity, which infers that language shapes people. In addition, this study explores the impact of native language and residence time on bilingual proficiency through learner background. In this section, the study also considers the age factor and the input and quality of English. Finally, it emphasizes the complexity of bilingual education and the inseparable relationship of various influencing factors and then provides practical suggestions for educators and future research.

Mapping the literature on decent work: A bibliometric analysis of sustainable development goal 8

AbstractThe bibliometric study based on the Scopus database aims to investigate the global literary development of “decent work” over a span exceeding two decades. The noticeable surge in publications since 2015 underscores the growing significance of the concept. Limited representation of lower‐middle and lower‐income countries, except India, among the top 10 contributors is observed, revealing a considerable research gap in the study of decent work. The research highlights five principal themes: the labor market's impact on economic development, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, gender equality, governance, and social justice, as well as decent work, job quality, education, well‐being, and job satisfaction. The study also shows the importance of the topic in different fields. Future researchers may consider the variables or indicators identified for surveys and questionnaire construction.

ПЕЧАТНЫЙ СОЦИАЛИЗМ И (МНОГО)НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДЕТСКАЯ КНИГА

Presenting the collection of archival articles on the creation of national literatures for children in the USSR, the brief introduction proposes to see the early Soviet construction of a new subfield of national literatures as yet another example of invented traditions. New children’s literatures in Soviet republics demonstrated their deep involvement in the common — Soviet — literary development and simultaneously their cultivated sense of cultural autonomy, marked by specifically national themes, plots, and styles. Translations of international classics into national languages added a necessary “global” and “universal” dimension to national children’s literatures. In turn, the activation and instrumentalization of folklore helped to identify and popularize “specific” ethnic points of view and intonations. As the key example of this dynamics, the introduction examines two performative “parades” of national children’s literatures, which were staged in the journal Detskaia literatura (Children’s Literature) in 1936–1937 and in 1971–1972. Within forty years, almost universal complaints about the lack of qualified children’s writers were replaced with extensive reports about highly developed systems of creation, production and dissemination of literature for children.

The Images of Rain and Spring in Ibn-Zaydoon’s and Wordsworth’s Poetry: A Comparative Stylistic Study of Selected Poems

This study examines the representation of rain and spring images in poetry, basically in Ibn-Zaydoon's and Wordsworth’s selected poems. This study relies on the analytical and theoretical aspects of Parallelism theory of the American School of Comparative Literature. It focuses on studying “the idea of similarities in humanity’s social and historical evolution, which means harmony in the process of literary development” (Enani, 2005, p. 42). The study is also based on the analytical approaches of Russian Formalism that focuses on studying “Similes, metaphors, structures, ironies, rhymes, and symbols” (Bressler, 2011, p. 49). The significance of the study is to introduce a comparative study between two poets whose languages, religions, and traditions are different. Ibn-Zaydoon and Wordsworth represent nature as the perfect place for pleasure, peace, and tranquility. These two poets glorify spring and rain specifically and their psychological influences on humankind.

Educational and Literary Development of Kashmir in Dogra Era

Educational and Literary Development of Kashmir in Dogra Era

THE AESTHETIC REGIME IN THE MODERN ERA: ART AND DISCOURSE ON ART

The article traces the changes in the aesthetic conventions of Modern art in accordance with the dynamics of literary development in Great Britain. The study focuses on three key areas: the impact of “the ancients and moderns” quarrel on European philosophical and literary thought; the nuances of critical and literary discourse in Enlightenment-era Great Britain; and the reception of the Enlightenment aesthetic values and novelties in Victorian criticism, linking them to the emergence of twentieth-century modernism. The subject involves the evolution of Enlightenment aesthetics and poetics in Great Britain, particularly the departure from classical art and literature models, and the emergence of concepts like imagination, novelty, and the reader’s subjective experience of art. Seminal literary-critical essays of the eighteenth century, including works by Joseph Addison, Henry Home, Richard Hurd, and Leslie Stephen’s monograph ‘History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century”, are analyzed. The paper also examines philosophical texts by Michel de Montaigne, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, and Marquis de Condorcet to understand the oscillatory nature of philosophical thought before and during the Age of Enlightenment. The study contextualizes “the ancients and moderns” debate on models for literary excellence and accentuates its role in shaping the discourse of aesthetics and artistic creativity. Contributions by Enlightenment figures such as Addison, Home, and Hurd are explored, emphasizing how they reshaped the discourse of aesthetics by redefining the nature of beauty, the sublime, and the principles of artistic criticism, thereby influencing the literary and artistic productions of their time and beyond. Particular attention is paid to the critical views of Stephen who wrote about the “fluctuating mode” of the literature of the second half of the eighteenth century, illustrating his peculiar subjectivism as an exponent of the Victorian worldview (Stephen saw Sterne’s novels as a serious moral threat), and simultaneously reflecting the normative aesthetic views of the second half of the nineteenth century. The paper also demonstrates how the antinomianism in aesthetic thinking, which challenged traditional norms and values as seen in “the ancients and moderns” quarrel, was further evolved in the works of Friedrich Schiller and Friedrich Schlegel, the latter articulating the antinomy of “classic versus romantic”. This tradition of antinomian thinking, coupled with the rejection of the idea of linear progression in cultural evolution, a call for a reassessment of values amidst a paradigm shift in culture and the breakdown of traditional ethic and aesthetic systems, finds a notable and unique expression in Friedrich Nietzsche’s works, that significantly influenced the transition from Modernity to Postmodernity. In summary, it is argued that the Modern Age was the time of the emergence of a new aesthetic sensibility, and its aesthetic pluralism and anti-classical literary ideas were pivotal in redefining concepts of progress, novelty, and human consciousness in art and literature. This laid the groundwork for modernist art and literature, characterized by a departure from tradition and a quest for new artistic expressions of human experience.

The Gospel Text in the Legacy of N. F. Fedorov and the Idea of Projectivity of Literature

The article discusses the features of the interpretation of the gospel text by the philosopher N. F. Fedorov. It demonstrates that for the philosopher, the Gospel is not only the “eternal book” of humanity that influenced the development of literary and artistic creativity, but also a life-transforming project accomplished in the unity of human effort and God’s grace. According to Fedorov’s historiosophical model, evangelical images and plots mark the transition from “history as a fact,” based on fratricidal strife and struggle, to “history as a project,” in which the human race consciously and freely chooses the path of following Christ, accepts the ideal of love and sacrifice as the basis of thought and action, and then to “history as an act,” which becomes the realization of the “good news” about the Kingdom of God, the “work of salvation,” the work of resurrection and regulation. The fate of the prodigal son, the prudent robber, the centurion, Zacchaeus, etc. in Fedorov’s interpretation, they symbolize the turn of humanity from the “fallen state” to the divine-human service. The projective approach to evangelical images and plots echoes the philosopher’s projective approach to literary texts and is aligned with the philosopher’s interpretation of the world literary types — Hamlet, Manfred, Faust Don Juan, who, like the characters of a gospel story, act as carriers of certain ideals and images of action. However, unlike the latter, they remain within the framework of the “minor” choice. Fedorov asserts the ideal of “universal realism,” which sets the prospect of the world’s transformation. The philosopher considers the adult choice of literature, its missionary role in the liturgization of creativity, part of which may be a new development of gospel themes and plots. Just as in the analysis of literary works Fedorov builds on the plots of “Faust,” “Dead Souls,” he builds the stories of the prudent robber, Lazarus, etc., stretches the threads of interaction between the gospel plots, reconstructs the links of the gospel story, creating projects of future novels that the masters of the word should embody.