Literary Creation Research Articles

Człowiek, przestrzeń i natura. Boka Kotorska w prozie Nikoli Malovicia

The article presents the imaginary structure of The Bay of Kotor in selected works ( the novels: Latajući Bokelj [Wandering Bokelj], Jedro nade [Sail of Hope] and the collection of short stories Prugastoplave storije [Striped Blue Stories]) by Nikola Malović, as well as the issues of ideological consequences of this literary creation, in which the region becomes a metonymy for the problems of the modern world. The story of the Bokelian identityis a story about rooting, about space treated as oikos, and about a man as one of the elements of this system. In Malović’s reflection, the awareness of the writer’s place of origin is combined with the awarenessof responsibility for it. Looking for the disastrous consequences for humans in the interdependence between power ( politics ) and knowledge ( civilization development ), in returning to the tradition and experiences of ancestors, he sees an antidote to the devastating activity of man, which links this concept with the current of research referred to as traditional ecological knowledge.

Spatial Form and Poetic Writing in the City of Luoyang From the Yuanhe to Huichang Periods of the Tang Dynasty

The Mid-Tang literature is an important stage in the literary history of the Tang Dynasty, and presents another high point in the creation of poetry after the flourishing Tang Dynasty, which is also known as the mid-emergence stage in the development of Tang literature. During the Yuanhe to Huichang periods, the literati living in Luoyang often gathered together to create and interact with poetry. The bureaucrats and scribes who lived in Luoyang were the mainstay of poetry writing. The bureaucrats and scribes who lived in Luoyang were the mainstay of poetry writing. They were both prominent politicians and literary leaders, but at a time of political turmoil and fierce party rivalry, they had no way out politically and had to seek a “retreat” from their career and literary expression. The Confucian scribes who were in close proximity to the bureaucratic scribes had lofty goals but unfortunate careers. With its outstanding geographical and cultural advantages, Luoyang provided favourable conditions for the gathering of bureaucratic scribes and for literary creation. It was of great importance in the development and formation of the poetic style of the Mid-Tang. This article examines the poetry of the bureaucratic scribes who lived in Luoyang during the Yuanhe to Huichang periods of the Tang Dynasty within the context of the city’s spatial form. Firstly, the historical transmutation of the geospatial form of the city of Luoyang is explained. Then, from the perspective of public architecture landscape, it explores the emotional experience and spiritual sustenance of bureaucratic scribes to Luoyang urban landscape. It examines the dynamic interaction between the internal architecture of Luoyang City and the literary milieu of the middle Tang Dynasty.

A Study of Paradigms and Theoretical Key Words of Asian American Literary Criticism

A Study of Paradigms and Theoretical Key Words of Asian American Literary Criticism

03. Theories of Urdu Literary History

Literary history of any nation is influenced by its literary tendencies, linguistic attitudes and thoughts, because literature is born of political, social, moral, religious, historical, linguistic, civilization and culture. Literary texts also help in the ideological formation of literary history. Literary criticism has played a pivotal role in interpreting, understanding and determining the status of literary texts. Thus, the theoretical construction of literature in literature has been the function of literary criticism. The theories of Urdu literary history that have been created have been taken in the light of the intellectual and ideological views of literary historians and the researcher and critical analysis and commentaries of critics. At the same time, new concepts have emerged. Under these modern concepts, literature is not just a field study, but a literary creation and the social sciences of the creator's era, including political, socio-economic, cultural, psychological, moral and religious sciences and arts. An interpretation of these collections of histories based on the interactions of thoughts, feelings and emotions that take place in human life under the influence of Contains behavioral studies. Urdu literary history has different views in its footsteps, various theories and ideas about literary history have been expressed.

FEATURES OF MODERN RUSSIAN MASS LITERATURE

Well into the 20th century, Russian literature was an important forum for societal self-understanding. This function, however, was lost during the First World War. Revolution and civil war completed the transformation of the literary establishment, although another brief flowering followed in the 1920s. The chronological pattern of Russian literature at the beginning of the 20th century is mostly oriented towards the diverse movements, groups, and schools. Although some structures persisted in part into the years after 1917, they did not prove resistant to the political, social, economic, and cultural upheavals triggered by the war. Analogously, the authors changed not only their view of the world, but also their subjects and means of expression. For this reason, the war as an historical context of literary creation (with the decisive years of 1904/05, 1913/14 to 1917/18, and 1921/22) moves to the centre, including its interrelationship with the global revolutionary undercurrent of the time.

Nomos, Narrative, and Nephi: Legal Interpretation in the Book of Mormon

Abstract The Book of Mormon helped launch one of America's most successful religions, and millions around the world accept it as scripture. It is thus one of the more influential books to have been published in the United States. Ironically, precisely because of its role in the founding of Mormonism, the text of the Book of Mormon has often been ignored. Recently, however, the Book of Mormon has begun to attract the attention of scholars whose interest in the text goes beyond either religious devotion or the academic study of Mormonism. Rather, they look to the text as a literary creation of interest in its own right. This article brings this new approach into dialogue with the influential legal theory of Robert Cover. In so doing, it breaks new ground in the study of law and literature and shows how a close reading of the Book of Mormon text reveals a subtle debate about the nature of rule following that intersects with contemporary discussions in legal theory. These narratives illustrate an important feature of what we might call the phenomenology of legal experience, namely the way in which law carries within itself—rightly or wrongly—claims to transcendence.

Dante’s True Constellation: Writing the Stars in Aratus, Ovid, and Paradiso 13

This essay uses the constellation writing of Ovid and Aratus to gain comparative perspective upon Dante’s constellation writing in Paradiso 13. Though Dante did not know the Greek poetry of Aratus, the two authors share the goal of bringing the heavens into human view. For Aratus, the constellations are tools for enabling celestial observation. The constellations give form to the firmament. They enable observers to distinguish between stars and therefore to perceive and track celestial structure and motion. But the constellations do not leave a mark upon the sky. Rather, as Ovid’s poetry also helps show, they must continually be rediscovered and reformed through guided observation. The essay explores how these aspects of constellations help Dante to imagine unique forms of literary creativity in Paradiso 13. For Dante, the heavens need to be divided up by fictions in order to be described by poetry. But Dante’s constellation writing suggests how such fictions might not be etched onto the world once and for all. Instead, like constellations, they emerge in the moment of being perceived. In this sense, constellations help Dante to imagine creativity without impact; that is, human art that does not mark or change a preexisting environment. Dante’s constellations gain a sense of immediacy from their ephemerality and their reliance upon a perceiving viewer or reader. Constellation writing helps Dante to bridge the gap between human and divine art by turning human perception into a mirror of divine creation.

From Conquerors to Enchanters: Ways of Apprehending Reality Through Novelistic Creation

Creators of new worlds through their novels, André Malraux and Romain Gary equally reject the real universe – considered as odious, tragic, absurd – as well as any purely mimetic link between this universe and literary creation. But the two novelists translate this opposition into completely different registers. If Malraux’s writing seems to express the desire for a direct confrontation and defiance, Gary’s work is rather characterized by a mocking, disdainful attitude towards reality, which the writer intends to conquer mainly by humor. Our article aims to show that Gary’s literary response, far from being an escape, represents a rebellion that is just as powerful (and, in certain aspects, more relevant for our times) than the commitment and the fight explicitly assumed by Malrucian writing.

Універсальні поняття в культурі і методології традиціоналізму

The article examines the methodology of integral traditionalism as a tool for the analysis of myth, art, literature and the identification of universal metaphysical foundations of culture. René Guénon’s teaching is considered as one of methods of literary criticism that goes beyond philology itself. The methodological approaches of traditionalism, whiche were ahead of the structuralist turn in the humanities, allow to enrich the field of literary studies as well. The article points out its advantages and disadvantages, and compares the traditionalists’ approach with the more measured method of Mircea Eliade and his view of “mystical” and “esoteric” creativity in literature. According to traditionalism, some literary texts should be read primarily as works of a metaphysical and occult nature. This means that a purely philological approach to their analysis may be counterproductive. Traditionalists propose to go beyond literary studies and connect it not only with philosophy and religious studies, but also with theology and metaphysics. In this study, we show how René Guenon and his students interpreted the texts of Dante Alighieri, Victor Hugo, Gustav Meyrink, Hermann Hesse and others from the perspective of esotericism. At the same time, we show the limitations of this approach in the analysis of poetry and works of mass literature, where authors are guided by fashion or pure sensual inspiration.

Does authoritarianism necessarily stifle creativity? The role of discipline-focused authoritarian leadership.

A burgeoning body of research has shown that authoritarian leadership (AL) embodies the characteristics of "light" and "dark," meaning that it does not always have a negative impact on employees' creative activities. However, studies explaining this potential positive effect are insufficient. To extend the AL and creativity literature, we draw on self-determination theory and event system theory, and elicit discipline-focused AL and appointment event criticality to examine whether, when, and how authoritarian leaders affect employee creativity positively. With time-lagged data collected from 435 employees and their direct leaders in China, we found that discipline-focused AL has an indirect positive effect on employee creativity through creative self-efficacy. Additionally, appointment event criticality strengthens the positive relationship between discipline-focused AL and creative self-efficiency, and the indirect impact of discipline-focused AL on employee creativity through creative self-efficiency. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Baptists and the Writing of Literature in the Nineteenth Century

ABSTRACT The attitude of Baptists towards writing creative literature in the nineteenth century was a matter of priority rather than widespread prejudice. This article suggests that on a highest level of priority, though ranked below the writing of theology, sermons and the defence of Christianity, seems to have been the production of essays, as closest in style and content to theology. Then came the writing of verse, sometimes rising to the level of poetry, and thereafter numerous examples of biography and juvenile fiction, with some autobiography. Less frequent are short stories and historical novels, and finally there are rare instances of the adult novel. This article offers examples of all these genres, and suggests that the order of priorities stems from the high value that Baptists placed on truthful witness to inner spiritual pilgrimage. As wider background, the article considers the part played by Baptist booksellers and editors in fostering the writing of literature.

A Study of the Problems of People's lives in the novels ‘Malarum Sarugum (The Flower and the Dried Leaf)’, ‘Thaakam (Thirst)’, ‘Setril Manitharkal (Humans in the Mud)’, ‘Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum (Out with the Old)’, and ‘Sennel (Red Rice)

Novel literature, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, was a form of literature that emerged to describe and explain the new society. The novel literature is based on the conflict that arises within man and between man and society, as well as the problems, struggles, and human nature that are directly related to real life. The issues of life, struggle, and consequences of the grassroots people mentioned in Tamil novels, the literary creativity of the teachers, etc., are the subjects of study in novels such as T. Selvaraj’s 'Malarum Sarukum', Ku Chinnappa Bharathi’s 'Thaakam', Rajam Krishnan’s 'Setril Manitharkal', Sivakami’s 'Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum' and Solaisundara Perumal’s 'Sennel'. In these novels, the landlessness of the poor, wage problems, unemployment, and the caste inequality that results from it are deepening, and the slavery, the inability to fight together as an organization, the exploitative tendencies of the farm landlords, and thus the poverty among the labourers becomes the basis of many problems and weakens the lives of the labourers. Novel literature highlights the social contradictions and the various problems that arise in people's lives. In this way, the title of this thesis has been undertaken with the objective of examining these novels, which are centered on the workers who are the axis of society, and to identify and reveal the various problems found in them.

ОСВІТНІЙ ЗВ'ЯЗОК «ВЧИТЕЛЬ ‒ УЧЕНЬ» У РЕФЛЕКСІЯХ НАУКОВЦІВ МИНУЛОГО (ІІ ПОЛОВИНА ХІХ – ПОЧАТОК ХХ СТ.)

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the functioning of the "Teacher-Student" system in the autobiographies of scientists written in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, the popularity of the images "I-Student", "Student", "I-Teacher", "Teacher" is determined, which allows us to draw conclusions about the awareness of the authors of autobiographies of the mechanisms of building a university career and the peculiarities of the researcher's scientific creativity. It was determined that for scientists-authors of autobiographies the most important component of the "Teacher-Student" system was the image of "I-Student". Depicting education as an autobiographical fact, the memoirists focused their attention on the moment of their own apprenticeship, which, in their opinion, was largely the result of self-education and supported by a belief in one's own destiny. The "teacher" acted as a catalyst, giving a certain direction to the process of acquiring "mastery". The transition to the status of "Master" was sometimes accompanied by a break with the person who claimed the role of "Teacher", in particular, in the case when the mentor could not ensure the student's entry into the university environment due to inappropriate moral or professional qualities. In such a case, the figure of the teacher was replaced by a "patron", which actually legitimized the change of status, certified the level of "mastery". At this stage, "mastery" was confirmed by scientific achievements and recognition by authoritative persons.The figure of the "Student" remained outside the boundaries of autobiographical texts, which, most likely, can be explained by various reasons: on the one hand, the fact that the process of formation of scientific schools was just beginning, and this phenomenon was not understood by memoirists; on the other - the history of writing autobiographical texts, most of which were not finished due to various circumstances. In addition, it can be assumed that the peculiarities of the vision of the "Teacher-Student" system in the mentioned autobiographical texts are due to the specifics of scientific creativity, which, like literary creativity, is primarily the result of individual work.

The Case of Geoffrey Chaucer and Cecily Chaumpaigne: New Evidence

The Case of Geoffrey Chaucer and Cecily Chaumpaigne: New Evidence

Echoing Retorts in Hárbarðsljóð and Lokasenna

Echoing Retorts in <i>Hárbarðsljóð</i> and <i>Lokasenna</i>

Символы как отражение философских взглядов А. Рэнд в романе «Атлант расправил плечи»

Ayn Rand (Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum), a famous American writer of the XX century, who emigrated to the United States from post-revolutionary Russia at the age of 21, captured the readers’ attention in her historical homeland with great delay, only at the turn of the XXI century. In the short time since then, she has gained wide and, as well as in the rest of the world, ambiguous fame in Russia; she has become an object of criticism, but more from the perspective of her economic views than the literary merits of her works. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the literary features of “Atlas Shrugged”, the main novel in A. Rand’s creative work, in the light of the author’s philosophical ideas. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that Rand’s style has not yet been seriously analysed, despite the fact that Rand herself attached great importance to this aspect of literary creativity. The research findings have shown that the literary form of “Atlas Shrugged” has no less philosophical meaningfulness than its philosophical content.

The Relationship Between Saul Bellow’s Creations and the Chicago School of Sociology

Saul Bellow was determined to be engaged in literary creation at the age of ten but he majored in sociology and anthropology in university. When he was a postgraduate student, his mentor told him that he lacked suitability to be engaged in social science research because his essays were easily turned into fictional works, and his intellect was suitable for some areas full of creativity and imagination. Surely enough, he was the first novelist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature among Jewish American writers in 1976, hence he became worldly famous as his mentor expected. Researchers had paid much attention to his literary achievement, but few studies tried to contact his accomplishment with his sociological background. In this paper, I will analyze the influence of Social Science in Chicago on his literary creations and the tendency of sociology in his works, on the basis of his academic background of sociological studies.

The Relationship Between Saul Bellow’s Creations and the Chicago School of Sociology

Saul Bellow was determined to be engaged in literary creation at the age of ten but he majored in sociology and anthropology in university. When he was a postgraduate student, his mentor told him that he lacked suitability to be engaged in social science research because his essays were easily turned into fictional works, and his intellect was suitable for some areas full of creativity and imagination. Surely enough, he was the first novelist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature among Jewish American writers in 1976, hence he became worldly famous as his mentor expected. Researchers had paid much attention to his literary achievement, but few studies tried to contact his accomplishment with his sociological background. In this paper, I will analyze the influence of Social Science in Chicago on his literary creations and the tendency of sociology in his works, on the basis of his academic background of sociological studies.

Bilingualism in culturological projection: the phenomenon of open thinking

Bilingualism is considered as a phenomenon of culture in the context of language contact. A comparative analysis of the phenomena of bilingualism and biculturality is carried out. It is shown that, while creating prerequisites for the biculturality of the subject, bilingualism, however, does not provide it. The function of choosing a language as a choice of social roles, which opens up for a bilingual subject, is shown. The leading role of language choice in the context of communicative adaptation is substantiated. The criteria of language choice are considered: social, socio-psychological and occasional-situational. Adaptive strategies are modelled in relation to speech behaviour in a communicative situation. The significance of the balance between the linguistic and ethnic identity of the subject, on the one hand, and his desire to meet the linguistic expectations of the interlocutor, on the other, is shown. The role of bilingualism as a factor in the emphasis of reflection on language is substantiated. It is shown that in a bilingual context the problems of language development go beyond boundaries of linguistics and become а subject of wide social discussions. The role of bilingualism in literary creativity is revealed, the value of using lexemes of the second language as a tool for enriching artistic expressiveness is shown. It is proved that the more languages in the applied thesaurus of the subject, the richer the emotional palette of his perception of the world. The potential of the language is revealed in relation to not only expressing, but also reflecting emotions, which expands the range of reflexive comprehension of the emotional sphere. On the material of the texts of poetic culture in Belarus, the expansion of the range of expressive possibilities of bilingual subject is substantiated and its significance for the development of artistic culture is demonstrated. The specificity of bilingual subject’s thinking is revealed. Firstly, it is substantiated that in different linguistic projections, a particular fragment of reality can not only turn with its different facets, but in general be configured in a different way, expanding the interpretive potential of the subject and his cognitive capabilities. Thus, the picture of the world of a bilingual subject turns out to be more multidimensional and more plastic. Secondly, it is shown that the possibility of switching the language code, open to a bilingual subject, entails the possibility of appealing to the values of both cultures behind the languages. The thinking of a bilingual subject turns out to be open in relation to more than one option for perceiving reality, which provides not only a richness of perception, but also an expansion of the range of understanding. Such open thinking also means expanding the possibilities of mutual understanding in cross-cultural dialogue, which ensures the effectiveness of both interpersonal communications and the success of international interactions.

Understanding of the relationship between natural emotion and artistic aesthetics in Huainanzi

"Huainanzi" is a work edited by the Huainan king Liu An in the early Western Han Dynasty, and it is also called "Huainan Honglie". There are many discourses on the relationship between emotion and artistic aesthetics in the book, which have been related to the nature of artistic generation, creative process, and aesthetic appreciation. They are systematic.“Huainanzi” puts forward some profound and important viewpoints around emotion and art, such as a deep understanding of natural emotions, Fen zhong ying wai" "Zhong you ben zhu" "Jun xing zhe" . Such propositions are elaborated in-depth in the creation and appreciation of literary and artistic aesthetics, so they have a strong aesthetic meaning. Although the original intention of the writers talking about feelings is not aimed at aesthetic appreciation, the aesthetic consciousness they reveal when talking about literature and art has a profound influence on aesthetics that cannot be ignored.