THE STATE OF OCCITAN LINGUISTIC STUDIES: A RETROSPECTIVE FROM THE BIBLIOGRAPHER'S VIEWPOINT, WTTH A LOOK FORWARD Some thirty years ago, Pierre Bee reassured the readers of his "Que sais-je?"volumeLaLangueoccitane thatOccitanwas at last enjoying the international academic attention it deserved (Bee 124). Today, a review of Occitan bibliographic sources revealsanaltogethermorecomplexpictureofthe stateofOccitan studies, a picturewhich requires qualification. There is a successful aspect indeed, particularly inthe increasingvolume ofannual publications. Yetthereisalsosomecausefor concern. Muchwork has been done, yet much remains untouched. Many publish, yet relatively few concentrate their research efforts into building a major body of work; one-shot efforts~"one-offs" to our British colleagues-offer little evidence ofsustained interest commensuratewith the inherent significance ofOccitanwithin the Romance fold. On the brighter side, there are now extensive forums for presentation of papers and for publication. And access to published materials is facilitated by bibliographic work focusing on both general and specific areas of interest to Occitanists. The purpose of this article is to remind Occitanists of bibliographic sources, to reassure them by rapidly reviewing what has been done, to motivate publications and conference talks by listing availablejournalsandvenues, and, finally,tostrikeafaintwarning noteforthefutureofthediscipline.Throughout,thefocusisonlinguistic studies, but includes literary studies ofimmediate interest tolanguagestudy, e.g., anthologieswithagrammarreview,critical editions, studies ofmanuscript tradition, and the like. Studies of Occitan linguistics fall into a number of major areas or domains: bibliography, dictionaries, medieval and modern grammars, language history, dialectology, sociolinguistics, onomastics, phonetics and phonology, morphology and syntax, etymology, lexicon,and,finally,literaryandnon-literarytexts.The categories ofliterary and non-literary texts can be separated into author-specificorgenre-specificlistings; alternatively,theycanbe joined together to span all writing. The literary koiné generally known as Old Provençal, which stands against the multiplicity of Old Occitan dialects, figures in its ownrightas animportant focus of study. 106KATHRYN KLINGEBIEL Access to Occitan materials becomes easier by the year. Bibliographies of general interest to Occitanists-literature and linguistics,medievalaswellasmodern-haveappearedannuallyin TENSO since its first issue (1985-1986), thanks to the efforts of Wendy Pfeffer; from 1989, linguistics and literature appear in alternateissues. Thebibliographysupplementvolumes to Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, retitled Romanische Bibliographie in 1961, have been published since 1875. Occitan literature and language listings appear separately, with a delay of some two years, in Year's Work in Modern Language Studies. The InternationalBibliographyofthe ModernLanguageAssociationprovides Kast-year information on both linguistics and literature. With the ILA bibliography now available in CD-ROM format as well as hard copy, the researcher's task becomes less time-consuming, with on-line searches and the capability of saving searches to diskette. Anumber ofjournals publish general annualbibliographies inwhich literaryandlinguistic references canbefound: Cahiersde civilisation médiévale publishes an annual medievalbibliography; both the Revue deslangues romanes andAnnalesdu Midi publish or have published listings for the whole of the Occitan domain. Cultura Neolatina published a bibliographyissue in 1983.Beiträge zurNamenforschungprovides regular bibliography. Onoma publishes onomastic bibliography from time to time, most recently in vol. 29 (1987-1989). On-going annual bibliographies of Occitan linguistics are available inBibliographielinguistique, publishedsince 1939, andin the more recent German publication Bibliographie linguistischer Literatur(from 1975).TheMLA-affiliated ComparativeRomance Linguistics Newsletter, launched by Yakov Malkiel and currently edited by Joel Rini (University of Virginia), provides annual linguistic bibliographies for all the Romance languages. Occitan linguisticsreferencesarealsoavailablewithinthepagesoftheBulletin signalétique (Paris). Among specialized bibliographies, Glanville Price's bibliography of Occitan syntax (medieval and modern) appeared in Studia Neophilologica between 1965 and 1978. Monographs of literary bibliography include: Bonnet 1979; D'Herde-Heiliger 1985; Zufferey 1981. Under the direction of Francois Pic, the Centre international de documentation occitane (CIDO) in Béziers playsan important role inencouraging manytypes ofOccitanbib- Occitan Linguistics107 liography, including Pic's own work (1971, 1981) and additional volumes devoted to, e.g., regional listings ofOccitan scholarship, discography, literary pseudonyms. The Association internationale d'études occitanes (AIEO) promises to become another steady source of materials. At its second conference in Turin (1987), thanks to the initiative of Father Giuliano Gasca-Queirazza, the AIEO distributed a bookletofauto -bibliographiesgeneratedbyparticipants; itpublishesa growing list of Bulletins in paperback format which can appear much more quickly and more economically than hardcover volumes . It is thus that the papers of the third AIEO conference (1990)appearedbeforetheendof1992,whilethe 1987papersstill await publication. Specificallylinguistics-orientedbibliographyalsoappearsin monograph format...