Literary Attitudes Research Articles

The system of images in A. Varlamov's novel "The Mental Wolf"

This article is devoted to the study of the images of the main characters of the novel, representing the author's complex view of the pre-Soviet period of Russian history, the First World War and the Revolution. Each character is characterized by his own system of ideological coordinates that form the picture of the world in the novel, expressing the national and cultural consciousness of the era. The character's deep characterization is based on a value paradigm, the constituent elements of which are attitude to nature, religion, homeland, and war. It is considered how these value characteristics are reflected in the life position of each character represented in the novel.The purpose of the article is to consider the system of images in A. Varlamov's novel "The Mental Wolf". The need to consider this problem is determined by the general literary position that the author's idea of life is expressed through a system of characters. The author uses the following research methods: comparative, hermeneutical and comparative typological. With the help of a systematic approach, an analytical study of images is provided. The analysis of the image system in the novel allowed us to correlate the images with the compositional structure of the work, to consider their position in the chronotope, to determine the characterological conflict in the novel. As the analysis made it possible to determine, the characters of Varlamov's novel form a system. Its main feature is the complex connections between the characters. The system of images in the novel is based on the idea of their attraction – repulsion. Relevance is seen in addressing one of the key problems of literary criticism based on the work of a modern author. It is established that complex connections of attraction, repulsion and pair interaction are established between the characters of the novel, which ultimately allows us to talk about a complex ideological concept of the novel depicting a person and his spiritual world in an era of changing social, cultural and political paradigms.

金宗直 ｢乇羅歌｣의 전승과 그 의미

This work is done in order to identify the literary status of 14 verses of Kim Jongchik’s Taklaga. Taklaga is a literary work drawing upon stories of Kim Jongchik collecting from people of Jeju whom he encountered at Seonghwan station. In this poem, he embodied literally folklore, local products, and sea of Jeju. Kim Jongchik was sacrificed by the event of sawha, but was later reinstated by the honor of sarim. Accordingly, Taklaga was continuously mentioned by many junior scholars. Kim Sangheon expressed his responsibilities as a king’s inspector as well as king’s education projects. While Lee Jeung recorded his schedule in Jeju, he also collected the record of folklores and customs of marginal regions of Jeju. Kang Sukkyu revealed the feeling of a deep farewell by sending Jeju pastor Lee Heeryong; and Kim Chingui showed a warm hearted view towards Jeju people. Meanwhile, Nam Gumyeong comprehensively expressed the reality and ideals of Jeju through three series of poems drawing upon Taklaga. All of these poems delicately expressed their feelings for Jeju based upon what they saw and heard along with their respect for Kim Jongchik. Taklaga can be evaluated as the very first work that presents Jeju's customs and products comprehensively. And it can be said that the literary position of Taklaga is unique in that many juniors have made reference to it in composing their own poems.

Carmen Sylva (Queen Elisabeth of Romania): A Trans-National Writer

Abstract Elisabeth of Neuwied (1843-1916) was the first Queen of Romania and the wife of Charles I Hollenzolern-Sigmaringen. As a writer she is known under the name of Carmen Sylva. The Queen was a very active and gifted personality but one of her main interests was literature. This article focuses on Carmen Sylva’s literary position as a writer who rejected narrow nationalism although her public position obliged her to impersonate Romanian values while integrating them into an Occident all too eager to spread all over the place. Carmen Sylva is an interesting case of a European trans-national literary identity.

디지털 교과서를 활용한 초등 문학 교육 모델 연구: 초등 교사 전문가 심층면접을 중심으로

Digital textbooks in literature education focus on understanding, experiencing, and creating literature. This study analyzed their use in elementary schools, finding that they enhance material exploration, multimedia learning, and interactive literary learning, offering diverse educational experiences. They contribute to the acceptance and creation of literary works and foster literary attitudes, with a focus on both textbook content and learner engagement. The model incorporates interests and knowledge levels in forming literary attitudes and involves background knowledge, text analysis, and communication. It also supports work creation through tools and collaboration, and employs digital technologies like artificial intelligence to deepen the understanding and creation of literature.

Творчество и литературные стратегии Евдокии Ростопчиной в 1830-х – начале 1840-х годов sub specie концепции социального поля литературы

The article considers the literary position and works of Russian poetess Evdokiya Rostopchina in the light of Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the social field of literature. In the 1830s Rostopchina mostly writes specifically “female” poetic texts, mainly devoted to love and rooted in the world of secular entertainment (balls). Her poems are addressed to her friends and acquaintances from genteel society. The poetry is characterized by confidential intimacy diaristic features. Her poetical works suggest a highly educated reader: these texts are equipped with epigraphs in different languages. From the late 1830s, the poetess begins to comprehend herself as the successor of the great Russian poets: A.S. Pushkin and V.A. Zhukovsky. The struggle for symbolic capital and a place on the field of literature causes a change in the genre system of her creativity: the poetess cultivates poetic epistles, connected with the form of the aristocratic album. At the same time, she writes and publishes a poem dedicated to the ruling empress, capable of endowing her with symbolic capital. Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, Rostopchina’s literary attitudes and strategy begin to be perceived as distinctly archaic, leading to her marginalization.

The Demons of Pre-Islamic Poets Authorization by Ibn Shahid Al-Andalusi (d. 426 A.H) in His Message Minions and Cyclones : An Analytical Study


 
 
 
 This brief study aims to examine the message of the Followers and Cyclones by Ibn Shahid Andalusian (Died on 426 H) take up the text of a dialogue by Ibn Shahid and his companion is the Jinn (Zuhair bin Namir) for the demons of the pre-Islamic poets Those he interviewed in succession, the dialogue of devil Imru al-Qais then they had a dialogue with devil Tarfa bin Al-Abd, then the third dialogue of the demon of the pre-Islamic poet Qais bin Al-Khatim, and at the end of each dialogue Ibn Shahid takes the license to excel from the followers of these great poets.
 Therefore, the researchers dealt with these dialogues with technical analysis and the intention of the writer from conducting the dialogues on the tongue of the interlocutors leading to granting him a license to excel From the presence of these followers, to respond with it to his envious, haters and tyrants, thus, he has won in the arena of literature after he relied on the weapon of imagination, which built this literary position by creating this immortal literary work, which was considered a prominent landmark of our immortal Arabic literature.
 
 
 
 
 The researchers affected that this approach be through two interrelated topics, the first is the presentation of the text and its study in terms of structure and style, standing on Verses, drawing the characters, analyzing their symbols, and linking all of this to the poet’s biography and his artistic doctrine.

Сибирская ученица «школы читателей Ахматовой»

A totally forgotten feuilleton placed in Tomsk newspaper in 1916 is reproduced with a historical commentary. It belonged to a pen of art expert Tatiana Sapozhnikova-Chernavina (1887– 1971) and was never mentioned in any of numerous bibliographic lists on Anna Akhmatova’s creative works. She is known as brave fugitive female for her heroic escapade from USSR in 1932 together with her husband, a prominent fishery biologist, and little son. Her early works as a literary observer are worth to be included in contemporary circularization (e.g. an essay on Ilya Ehrenburg’s poetry et al.). The article “Modern Poetesses: Anna Akmatova” was an attempt to reconstruct the net of motifs spanning the poems of the book “Rosary” (1914). The foreword to the annotated republication points some relevant patterns of the literary attitude of Sapozhnikova-Chernavina as well as lists some of the main milestones of her biography including the episodes when she is represented as an eyewitness of swiftpassing but meaningful tragic moments in the history of Russian poetry under Soviets. A question is raised about picking up her scattered literary heritage.

Из писем М.Н. Муравьева 1776 г.: А.А. Барсов, В.И. Майков, М.М. Херасков и «Вольное российское собрание»

The article is devoted to one of the most important events in the literary biography of Mikhail Muravyev, that has not yet attracted the attention of researchers, i. e. his joining the “Free Russian Assembly” in 1776. For the analysis of this problem the author of the article uses unpublished letters of the writer, which are stored in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum (Moscow). We publish and comment in the appendix to the article eight Muravyev’s letters to his father and sister. These materials allow us to take a fresh look at the history of Muravyev’s relationship with A.A. Barsov, Kh.A. Chebotarev, V.I. Maikov, M.M. Kheraskov, I.I. Melessino. In addition, these data also allow us to present a reconstruction of Muravyev's reception of literary position of A.P. Sumarokov. In just a few days at the end of 1776, Muravyev, who later would be famous for the lack of a public activity, became a part of a large and complex intellectual and social environment that included Moscow poets, scientists, and high-ranking Freemasons. Our hypothesis is that these acquaintances determined the whole subsequent life of the writer, since, perhaps, it was the “Muscovites” who nominated Muravyov to the role of educator of the Grand Dukes Alexander and Constantine and thereby helped him take a place at court, which ultimately led to his sharp rise in the beginning of the Alexander era, cut short by sudden death in 1807.

ТРЭВЕЛ-ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА К.Д. БАЛЬМОНТА НА СТРАНИЦАХ ЖУРНАЛА "ВЕСЫ" (ОЧЕРК "В СТРАНАХ СОЛНЦА")

The article analyzes the travel journalism of K.D. Balmont. In 1905, the famous symbolist poet turned to travel journalism for the first time. The essay “In the Countries of the Sun” described his journey to Mexico, primarily Mexican antiquities. The essay was published in the magazine “Libra” (“Vesy”), which expressed the literary position of the symbolists. However, despite Balmont’s belonging to the symbolists, they practically ignored the essay and considered it a symptom of Balmont’s creative crisis.

Sayyid Qutb: An Intellectual Biography

Sayyid Qutb: An Intellectual Biography

Book Review: Gustavo Carvajal. Women, Memory, Dictatorship in Recent Chilean Fiction - Palabra de Mujer, University of Wales Press, Iberian and Latin American Studies, 2021, 240p. ISBN-10:1786838036/ISBN-13: 978-1786838032

Abstract Elisabeth of Neuwied (1843-1916) was the first Queen of Romania and the wife of Charles I Hollenzolern-Sigmaringen. As a writer she is known under the name of Carmen Sylva. The Queen was a very active and gifted personality but one of her main interests was literature. This article focuses on Carmen Sylva’s literary position as a writer who rejected narrow nationalism although her public position obliged her to impersonate Romanian values while integrating them into an Occident all too eager to spread all over the place. Carmen Sylva is an interesting case of a European trans-national literary identity.

La tensión autoral en Amparo Dávila: un estudio de la postura feminista de la escritora

An analysis is proposed of the feminist projection of the Mexican writer Amparo Dávila (1928-2020). Accordingly, the article starts with a theoretical framework that links feminist literary criticism with the concept of “literary posture” of Jérôme Meizoz (2007) for the study of those inter­views which present an attempt of configuration by Davila of an image of an individualist author. Secondly, the articulation of a feminine literary support network in which the writer participates within the literary field will be considered. After that, we will offer some notes for a future analysis on “El huésped” which, by taking back this tale to its place of production, enlightens anew its feminist potential. Finally, the conclusion sums up the causes and consequences of the ambivalent relation with feminism that the Davila’s literary position presents.

The Angrily Bored Condition of Exile in Caribbean Literature at the Turn of the Millennium

This essay discusses the relationship between anger, boredom, and exile in Caribbean literature published in the wake of the nineties, a decade profoundly marked by a change in sensibility, by analyzing Ena Lucía Portela's El pájaro: pincel y tinta china (1999) and Rafael Franco Steeves's El peor de mis amigos (2007). Specifically, in both texts, I detect a fluidity between the concepts of time, water, and a need to disappear. Disappearance as a heterotopic state seems to be connected to a need to destabilize single-authored discourses, functioning as mandates on how to live. This essay, then, argues that disappearance is the most radical effect of subjectivities that operate as, what I call, "angrily bored exiles," a political imagination that challenges the boundaries between subject and object as well as between body, space, and time. If neoliberalism imposes an anxiety about being bored, the exiled position inhabits boredom angrily to enunciate alternate ways of existing. The essay turns this literature into an evaluation of this emotional literary position within a broader context. I propose that the angrily bored mood from the nineties tempered the blind fervor of the sixties and has given contemporary Caribbean subjects a more complicated perspective on their options when imagining utopic representations.

From Criticism to Practice: Music in the Early Literary Heritage of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko

The article examines the relationship between the literary work of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko that preceded the opening of the Moscow Art Theater, and his directorial activity. For him, journalism, fiction and drama formed a unity that had a serious impact on his pedagogical and staging practice. The main issues related to the topic of the work have been repeatedly raised by researchers of theater and literature, but have not yet come to the attention of musicologists, which determines the main parameter of the study’s novelty. In this context, the article aims at pinpointing the actual musical textual details, and its main methodology is based on the interpretation of statements and their comparison with the factual theater history. The article attempts to review the “favorite repertoire” of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko as a writer — the musical works mentioned in his novels, stories and plays. There is also identified the “projections” of such sympathies on the design of performances. The article reveals fundamental differences in V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko’s attitude to vocal and instrumental music, the special role of opera in his perception of the world. There is noted the tendency to attach special semantic and moral-ethical meaning to sound components, as well as the affordance, opened in dramas of the late 1890s, of maximum avoidance of noise elements for the sake of relief identification of a word. The article ends with an attempt to substantiate from a musical standpoint the failure of the drama “In Dreams” at its first and only staging at the Moscow Art Theater (1901). The conclusion contains a number of findings characterizing the musicality of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko in 1898, at the time of the opening of his theater. There are partially highlighted the stages of his evolution not mentioned before, which led the director to experiments in the genre of tragedy at the turn of the 1910s and 1920s, the foundation of his own opera studio and the revision of literary positions that remained relevant for the last decades of his life and work.

Modelling Speaker Attribution in Narrative Texts With Biased and Bias-Adjustable Neural Networks.

Literary narratives regularly contain passages that different readers attribute to different speakers: a character, the narrator, or the author. Since literary narratives are highly ambiguous constructs, it is often impossible to decide between diverging attributions of a specific passage by hermeneutic means. Instead, we hypothesise that attribution decisions are often influenced by annotator bias, in particular an annotator's literary preferences and beliefs. We present first results on the correlation between the literary attitudes of an annotator and their attribution choices. In a second set of experiments, we present a neural classifier that is capable of imitating individual annotators as well as a common-sense annotator, and reaches accuracies of up to 88% (which improves the majority baseline by 23%).

A Critical Exploration of the Ideals of Marxist Approach in the Poetic Works of Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Kaifi Azmi

This paper aims to objectify Marxist tendencies in the poetry of Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi, the illustrious, revolutionary poets of the post-imperial era who have dedicated their art to resist against anarchy, tyranny, capitalism and misrule, and to create an utopian society where peace and equality would prevail. The paper is an endeavor to show how Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi were influenced by Marxist ideology and how they wanted the world to be a better place. However, these poets belonged to different social, political and cultural contexts. These poets have projected their Marxist utopian vision in reaction to capitalist hegemony in their respective social order. The sufferings and resistance of the oppressed were depicted by them. This paper also discusses the influence of Marxism on Romantic literary attitude and how these poets dropped their romantic approach for resistance.

GENDER ASPECT OF THE NOVEL PANAS MIRNY'S POVIYA

Historical events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries contributed to the fact that women were forced to expand the list of their traditional social roles, which could not but lead to the fact that the status of a woman began to change in literary works. The development of women's movements, and especially the feminist movement, contributed to the growth of widespread attention of researchers to the study of the role and image of women in Ukrainian literature. Focusing on the differentiation of the male and female in the literature, we get the opportunity to radically change the idea of the social status of a man and a woman, their relationship in the conditions of the hierarchy formed in a concrete-historical society. Analysis of the category "gender" allows you to differently evaluate sociocultural processes, formed stereotypes of the interpretation of the problem of power and dominance in social life, profession, career, household life of people depending on their gender. The gender aspect of literary criticism provides ample opportunities for interpreting the artistic text as a kind of gender picture of the world, where the male and female type, the nature of the worldview, is specifically revealed. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that feminism from the point of view of history and sociology has been studied very thoroughly, and from literary positions - in insufficient. The consideration of Panas Mirny's novel Poviya in the gender aspect contributes to the identification of national features of the existence, life and culture of the Ukrainian people.

К литературной биографии Ольги Чюминой

The article presents little-known documents and evidences, concerning the early biography of Olga Nikolaevna Chyumina (1858 –1909) — a poet, a writer, a translator — including ego-documents. The author of the article observes the peculiarities of her relations with modernist writers and her literary position, expressed largely in opposition to modernists. Despite the fact that nowadays Chyumina is almost forgotten, at the turn of the 20th century she was a famous writer who achieved both the attention of critics and high fees. The article examines the beginning of her creative career, the relationship with the critic V.P. Burenin, the first publications dedicated to the memory of General M.D. Skobelev. The author quotes from letters stored in archives, in which Chyumina writes about herself and subjects the role and place of women in literature to reflection. Chyumina wrote from a male person before women writers of the modern era began to resort to this technique. Critics have noted this feature, at the same time in the reviews she was advised not to raise serious topics, which corresponds to the traditional attitude towards women writers. In the second book of poems, Chyumina seems to have found exactly her voice, but the rapid development of new trends pushed this figure into the background.

ЛИТЕРАТУРНО-ОБЩЕСТВЕННАЯ ПОЗИЦИЯ СОВЕТСКОГО НЕМЕЦКОГО ПИСАТЕЛЯ АНДРЕАСА ЗАКСА В ВОПРОСАХ РЕЛИГИИ И ЦЕРКВИ (1930–1960-Е ГГ.)

The Soviet-German writer Andreas Saks (1903–1983) is known as an atheist, an activist of anti-religious propaganda in the 1930s carried out in the Republic of the Volga Germans, and as an author satirizing the religious superstitions of people and the vices of clerics. Applying the biographical approach of intellectual history the author of the article reconstructs A. Sack’s literary and social position on matters of church and religion. As sources for that the author uses Sack’s anti-religious humorous stories as well as his unpublished reviews of the works by Astrakhan novice writers where he expresses his views on the church, clerics and religiosity. There is a conclusion in the article that in those anti-religious works Andreas Saks remained tactful and delicate as he derided the religious superstitions of individual people, mostly, from an older generation who were baptized before the October revolution of 1917. Theomachism and the insulting the people’s religious feelings are not found in his works. It may reflect the Soviet Germans’ “cultural resistance” to the antireligious and anti-clerical campaigns waged by the communist authorities, to the closures of churches and repressions against the clerics in the 1930s. On the other hand, that reflects the writer’s understanding of man’s religiosity as “a complex existential issue” and his realization of big difficulties in “an ideological fight” against church and religion.

Trendy Monsters: The Nazis, the Perpetrator Turn, and Popular Culture

Trendy Monsters: The Nazis, the Perpetrator Turn, and Popular Culture