Listening Technique Research Articles

The moderating role of two learning related behaviours in preschool children's academic outcomes: learning behaviour and executive function

ABSTRACT Executive function and learning behaviour play an important role in children's academic outcomes by helping them maintain attention, work cooperatively, and stay focused, especially for those from lower family socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. This study explored whether these learning-related skills were associated with children's concurrent math and literacy skills and whether they moderated the associations of family SES with math and literacy skills. Preschool children (n = 179) from early childhood education settings were directly assessed on executive function, math, and literacy skills. Executive function and learning behaviour were significantly correlated with children's math and literacy outcomes. Learning behavior moderated the association between family SES and child math outcomes. Teachers may support learning behaviour by teaching active listening and frustration management techniques, thus motivating children to actively participate in learning. This serves to buffer the negative impacts of family SES on children's academic outcomes, specifically math skills.

ШКОЛЬНАЯ МЕДИАЦИЯ КАК РЕСУРС РАЗВИТИЯ КОММУНИКАТИВНЫХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ ПОДРОСТКА

The article focuses on the problem of the need to develop the communicative abilities of adolescents in highly conflicted educational environment. There is a tendency to increase cases of active intervention of parents in school conflicts in order to protect the interests of their children, which is not infrequently an obstacle to a child's experience of interpersonal interaction based on their own resources. The ability to overcome interpersonal contradictions, restore and maintain constructive communication in conflict situations is an important task of personal development at the stage of adolescence. Communication difficulties experienced subjectively by adolescents can lead to potentially conflicting patterns of behavior – avoiding contact or displaying authoritarianism in communication. Their overcoming is possible by expanding the communicative experience and behavioral repertoire of adolescents in conflict situations. The organization and activity of school mediation services for the purpose of mediation in conflicts is an opportunity for teenagers to gain experience in negotiations, develop communication skills, and form a culture of constructive communication. The author notes that mediation has a great communicative potential: through mastering the techniques of active listening, conducting partner conversations, and feedback, the mediator creates an atmosphere of correct, business-like, and rational discussion of controversial issues. Speech strategies of «mitigation», «control over the topic», «joint search for an alternative», various tactics of raising questions, allow the parties to the conflict to activate the state of reflection and turn to the analysis of their true interests in the conflict. The article presents the experience of organizing mediation training for teenagers on the basis of the municipal resource center «League of young mediators» in Yaroslavl, during which statistically significant positive results were obtained in the development of students ' communicative abilities

Activating Audiences: How spatial music can help us to listen

This article discusses the importance of active listening when engaging new audiences with experimental and unfamiliar musical formats. Spatial music is examined as a physically immersive medium in which the audience is implicated as an active component in the execution of its performance. A brief account of the historic context of spatial music will be presented alongside speculation for the trajectory of its future; particularly its potential as a model for audience engagement. This article will first consider how spatially immersive performances have the capacity to activate listeners and how can this help to engage new audiences with new ways of listening. It will also question the notion of inhabiting spatial music, with an investigation of the multiple ways in which spatial music relates to physical space and the terms of its inhabitation. The concept of virtual listening will be discussed in response to trends towards passive hearing, as driven by recent technological developments in acoustic software and hardware, and the resultant abstraction of the spatial and social dynamics of sound in virtual space. The physiological and psychological differences between listening and hearing will also be examined as a means of establishing fundamental differences in the ways that we interact with music, and questioning what our listening habits tell us about audience engagement in the context of experimental music performance. This article will also question the individual roles of the musician, composer, architect/designer and audience in the ongoing responsibility to improve audience engagement in new, or unfamiliar musical works. Importantly, this article will also explicitly examine who we are referring to when we use the term ‘new audiences’. Major developments in acoustic technology during the last few decades have somewhat confused the diagram between music, space and listener. The understanding of which elements are active and which are passive is especially ambiguous at a time when ambisonic and binaural technologies have become developed enough to provide accurate simulations of the abstract, acoustic qualities of spaces, but on virtual terms. Architects, composers, musicians, engineers and audiences are at a crossroads in the development of new music and experimental, spatiosonic practice. ‘Spatiosonic’ is a hybrid term which is used throughout this article to describe work and phenomena which regard space (spatio) and sound (sonic) as equal, interactive partners. This article considers some of the opportunities and limitations at stake in current techniques of composition, performance and listening.

Listening to Radiation Damage In Situ: Passive and Active Acoustic Techniques

Knowing when, why, and how materials evolve, degrade, or fail in radiation environments is pivotal to a wide range of fields from semiconductor processing to advanced nuclear reactor design. A variety of methods, including optical and electron microscopy, mechanical testing, and thermal techniques, have been used in the past to successfully monitor the microstructural and property evolution of materials exposed to extreme radiation environments. Acoustic techniques have also been used in the past for this purpose, although most methodologies have not achieved widespread adoption. However, with an increasing desire to understand microstructure and property evolution in situ, acoustic methods provide a promising pathway to uncover information not accessible to more traditional characterization techniques. This work highlights how two different classes of acoustic techniques may be used to monitor material evolution during in situ ion beam irradiation. The passive listening technique of acoustic emission is demonstrated on two model systems, quartz and palladium, and shown to be a useful tool in identifying the onset of damage events such as microcracking. An active acoustic technique in the form of transient grating spectroscopy is used to indirectly monitor the formation of small defect clusters in copper irradiated with self-ions at high temperature through the evolution of surface acoustic wave speeds. These studies together demonstrate the large potential for using acoustic techniques as in situ diagnostics. Such tools could be used to optimize ion beam processing techniques or identify modes and kinetics of materials degradation in extreme radiation environments.

TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF GURU TERHADAP SISWA KELAS VII DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SMP NEGERI 1 ENAM LINGKUNG PADANG PARIAMAN

ABSTRACT "Teacher's Expressive Speech Against Class VII Students in Indonesian Language Learning at SMP Negeri 1 Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman Regency". Essay. Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. Indonesian Language and Literature Department and Regional Language and Art Faculty, Padang State University. The reason for this research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman Regency, grade VII, was the strategy of teacher's utterance on how students sometimes still use mixed code in their speech. The intended speech acts such as speech acts praise, blame, criticize, thank you, congratulate, and condolence. Data collection was carried out by the skillful free listening (SBLC) technique, recording, and recording. Data obtained from recordings are then transcribed into written language. Based on the data analysis conducted it can be concluded as follows. First, the results of this study indicate that Indonesian language teachers in class VII 1 of SMP Negeri 1 Enam Lingkung use four types of expressive speech acts, namely expressive speech acts praise, expressive blame speech acts, expressive speech acts criticize, and expressive speech acts to thank. Secondly, the strategy of speaking Indonesian language teachers in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman District, there are four, namely to speak frankly without further ado, to be forthright with pleasant politeness, to be forthright with small talk of negative politeness, and strategy berututr vaguely. The most dominant spoken strategy used by Indonesian teachers in class VII is the strategy of speaking honestly without further ado. Kata Kunci: Strategi, tindak tutur ekspresif

CODE MIXING USED BY STUDENTS OF FRENCH STUDY PROGRAM STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

The communication process involving a code mixing is an alternative to avoid misunderstandings in a bilingual community, a community having the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages, referring either to individuals or the entire society. This study aims to analyze the forms of code mixing using qualitative method. The data were obtained from recording of conversational discourse. The data collection strategy used the referral method, supported by basic techniques, namely tapping and advanced techniques, the skillful in-flight listening technique (SBLC). The results show that there are code mixing with the insertion of morphological elements in forms of nouns, numerals, verbs (infinitive and conjugation), adverbs (question and time), and adjectives; the insertion of phrase in terms of noun phrases (objects and numerals), verb phrases, and adverb phrases); the insertion of clause in the forms of noun clauses, numeral clauses, verb clauses, and adverb clauses; and the insertion of idiomatic forms. Code mixing of students of French language is also found in English language.

The Politeness Comments on The Indonesian President Jokowi Instagram Official Account Viewed From Politico Pragmatics and The Character Education Orientation in The Disruption Era

Politeness of expression and character education are both crucial aspects, in the current era of disruption, especially concerning sociopragmatic political purposes. The realization of politeness acts of language in the context of communication and global communication has now penetrated without limits on social distance, time, and goals. The problem is the act of language in electronic media, especially Instagram, giving space to the user to be more open in expressing his goals and objectives, including to the president in relation to specific goals and politics. This study aims to identify the forms of positive politeness acts of followers' comments on President Jokowi's official Instagram account and describe the intent of politico pragmatic power of positive politeness of followers of Jokowi's Instagram accounts. The data source of this study was the speech of followers on the official Instagram account of Indonesian President Jokowi #MenujuIndonesiaMaju managed by the President's Digital Communication Team for the period October-November 2018. The study data were in the form of comments from Jokowi's Instagram account followers who had positive politico pragmatic politeness. The data collection technique was carried out using documentation, note-taking techniques, and continued with heuristic listening techniques. Data analysis was performed with an intralingual equivalent technique which was strengthened by an extra lingual equivalent and sharpened with Levinson's politeness analysis technique based on the principle of harmony in Javanese culture. The results of the study showed that the form of positive politeness acts that were most used by followers was by giving attention to the speech partners. Political propaganda power of dominant followers’ comments was in the form of the power to ask and support rather than the power of praise, the power of influence, the power of motivation, and the power of suggestion. It shows that Instagram account followers have an optimistic attitude towards Jokowi's leadership. Jokowi's managerial, and leadership performance has a positive face among followers. This power of praise, motivation, and advice is an essential component in the formation of children's character education in the current era of disruption of education.

PENGGUNAAN SAPAAN MASYARAKAT TUTUR DALAM BAHASA SUMBA DIALEK KAMBERA DI DESA LAIPANDAK, KECAMATAN WULLA WAIJILU, KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

The purpose of this research is to describe (1) types of greetings, (2) greeting functions, and (3) factors that influence the use of greetings in the Sumba language of dialect Kambera in Laipandak Village, Wulla Waijilu District, East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive. The data collection technique uses the method of listening with basic tapping techniques along with advanced techniques, namely the skillful listening technique (SLC), namely skillful listening techniques (SLC), recording techniques, and note-taking techniques; and proficient methods with basic fishing techniques accompanied by advanced techniques, namely leading skill techniques. The data analysis technique uses the translational equivalent method with the basis of the determinant elements (PUP) accompanied by advanced techniques, namely the comparative connection technique equates the main thing (HBSP). Presentation of the results of data analysis using formal and informal methods. The results of this study indicate that (1) types of greetings consist of (a) pronouns, (b) self-names, (c) greetings of kinship terms, (d) the title of 'noble' Maramba, or 'servant', and profession, (e)Â a deixis or pointer greetings, and (f) a zero characteristic; (2) the greeting function consists of calls, arrangements for speech turn, rituals and social contexts, requires and reduces threats; and (3) factors that influence the use of greetings consist of age, gender, situation, social status, kinship relationships, and intimacy relationships.

THE STRATEGIES OF HUMOR MATERIAL CREATION: TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS (STRATEGI PENCIPTAAN MATERI HUMOR: ANALISIS TRANSITIVITAS)

The purpose of this research was to find out strategies in creating Indonesian humour materials. This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. In collecting the data, the researcher used listening technique by taping and writing. In analyzing data, this research applied equalizing reference method by comparing technique to support codification, reduction, presentation, and interpretation such as work design of qualitative research. As the result of this research, it has been found 8 strategies in creating Indonesian humour materials, namely: (1) exploiting the common truth that people already know, (2) changing constituents with his language experience, (3) putting false pronouns deliberately, (4) conveying something incomplete, (5) diverting different languages, (6) providing an unrelated response at all, (7) exploiting the language gap to distort its meaning, and (8) conveying something unnatural, absurd, even impressed controversy.

소셜리스닝 기법을 활용한 취·창업 관련 스포츠컨버전스 교과과정의 스포츠기업 선호도 분석

이 연구는 최근 기업에서 사용하고 있는 소셜리스닝 기법을 활용하여 스포츠기업 취·창업을 위한 교과과정의 선호도를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 기업에서 요구되는 전문인력 양성 교육과정의 기초 자료와 실무형 교육을 위한 기본 방향을 제시 하고자 한다. 17개 교과과정의 연관어 6,529개 중에서 가장 많은 언급량은 스포츠 행정 및 조직관리, 스포츠 IT 그리고 스포츠 미디어 교과과정의 순으로 나타났다. 세 가지 영역의 교과과정 선호도의 결론은 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, ‘스포츠 행정 및 조직관리’ 컨버전스 교과과정과 관련하여, ‘스포츠 업무’와 ‘스포츠 정책’ 을 내포한 컨버전스 교과목의 확대가 필요한 것으로 분석되었고, 스포츠운영에 관련된 컨버전스 교과목이 선호되었다. 즉, 스포츠기업은 현장 실무에 부합한 실무 운영에 관계된 교과목을 선호한다.BR 둘째, ‘스포츠 IT’ 컨버전스 교과과정 중 ‘스포츠 게임’과 ‘스포츠 앱’ 관련 교과의 비율을 높임으로써 현 스포츠산업 트렌드에 기민하게 대응할 수 있고, 이와 관련한 교과목이 선호되고 있어 향후 스포츠기업 취업 및 창업에 크게 도움이 될 것이라고 본다.BR 셋째, ‘스포츠 미디어’ 컨버전스 교과과정 중 뉴미디어 마케팅(모바일, 인터넷중계, 게임) 관련 교과목이 개설될 필요성이 있다. 현재 스포츠 비즈니스 영역은 ‘게임’, ‘방송’, ‘모바일’, ‘인터넷’을 활용한 뉴미디어 마케팅이 긍정적인 반응을 보이고 있으며, 교육 현장에서도 뉴미디어를 활용한 교과과정을 선호한다.

UNDERSTANDING DISCHARGE COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOURS IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE

Abstract BACKGROUND One of the most important transitions in the continuum of care for children is discharge to home. However, optimal discharge communication between healthcare providers and parents who present to the emergency department (ED) with their children is not well understood. Current research regarding discharge communication is equivocal and predominantly focused on evaluating different delivery formats or strategies with little attention given to communication behaviours or the context in which the communication occurs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this mixed methods study was to characterize the process and structure of discharge communication in a paediatric ED context. DESIGN/METHODS Real-time video observation methods were used in two academic paediatric EDs in Canada. Parents who presented with their child to the ED with one of six illness presentations, a Canadian Triage Acuity Score of 3 to 5, and English speaking, were eligible to participate. All ED physicians, learners, and clinical staff members were also eligible to participate. Provider-parent communication was analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) to code each utterance. Parent comprehensive was evaluated using a follow-survey 72 hours after discharge. RESULTS A total of 106 unique ED visits involving six illness presentations: abdominal pain (n=23), asthma (n=6), bronchiolitis (n=4), diarrhea/vomiting (n=20), fever (n=27), and minor head injury (n=26) were video recorded. The average length of stay in the ED was 3 hours, with an average of three provider-parent interactions per visit. Interactions ranged in time from less than one minute to 29 minutes, with an average of six minutes per interaction. A total of 34,544 unique utterances were coded across all interactions. The majority of patient visits were first-time visits for the illness presentation (63.2%). Physicians most commonly gave medical information (22.9%) or asked close-ended medical questions (9.4%), whereas nurses most commonly gave orientation instructions (20.9%). Medical trainees were most likely to employ active listening techniques (e.g. back channels, 14.2%). Communication that included post-discharge instructions for parents comprised 8.5% of all utterances. Overall, providers infrequently assessed parental understanding of information (2.0%). Parent satisfaction with the amount of information communicated was generally high (89.6% agreed or strongly agreed). CONCLUSION This is the first discharge communication study to be conducted in a paediatric ED context using video observation methods. Provider-parent communication was predominantly characterized by the exchange of medical information, with little time devoted to adequately preparing parents to care for their child at home. Greater assessment of parental comprehension is needed to ensure that parents understand important instructions and know when to seek further care.

LO19: Understanding discharge communication behaviours in a pediatric emergency care context: a mixed methods study

Introduction: Optimal discharge communication between healthcare providers and parents who present to the emergency department (ED) with their children is not well understood. Current research regarding discharge communication is equivocal and predominantly focused on evaluating different delivery formats or strategies with little attention given to communication behaviours or the context in which the communication occurs. The objective of this study was to characterize the process and structure of discharge communication in a pediatric ED context. Methods: Real-time video observation and follow-up surveys were used in two academic pediatric EDs in Canada. Parents who presented with their child to the ED with one of six illness presentations, a Canadian Triage Acuity Score of 3-5 were eligible to participate. All ED physicians, learners, and staff members were also eligible. Provider-parent communication was analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) to code each utterance. Parent health literacy and anxiety were measured upon admission to the ED. Parent recall of important discharge information and satisfaction with communication was assessed within 72 hours of discharge. Results: A total of 107 ED patient visits were video recorded and a total of 70,000 utterances were coded across six illness presentations: abdominal pain (n=23), asthma (n=7), bronchiolitis (n=4), diarrhea/vomiting (n=20), fever (n=27), and minor head injury (n=26). The average length of stay for participants was 3 hours, with an average of three provider interactions per visit. Interactions ranged in time from less than one minute up to 29 minutes, with an average of six minutes per interaction. The majority of visits were first episodes for the presenting illness (63.2%). Physician utterances coded most commonly involved giving medical information (22.9%), whereas nurses most commonly gave orientation instructions (20.9%). Learners were most likely to employ active listening techniques (14.2%). Communication that provided post-discharge instructions for parents comprised 8.5% of all utterances. Overall, providers infrequently assessed parental understanding of information (2.0%). Only 26% of parents recalled receiving important discharge information deemed relevant to their childs disposition. Yet, parent satisfaction with the amount of information communicated during the ED visit was generally high (89.6% agreed or strongly agreed). Conclusion: This is the first study of ED discharge communication to be conducted in a pediatric setting using video observation methods. Provider-parent communication was predominantly characterized by giving medical information, with little time devoted to preparing families to care for their child at home. Greater assessment of parent comprehension of discharge communication is needed to ensure that parents understand important instructions and know when to seek further care.

Flexible real-time transmission scheduling for wireless networks with non-deterministic workloads

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly used in industrial applications such as the Internet-of-Things, Smart City technologies and critical infrastructure monitoring. Industrial WSNs often operate in a cluster or star configuration. To ensure real-time and predictable performance, link access is typically managed using time-slotted superframe methods. These methods generally use static and potentially inefficient slot assignments. In this paper, we propose to dynamically readjust time slot lengths as a technique to minimize overall energy consumption. Our approach combines real-time performance guarantees with energy conservation methods through a set of dynamic modulation based adaptive packet transmission scheduling algorithms that are designed to reclaim unused slot times. To support our reclaiming method in a wireless environment we introduce a novel low-power listening technique called reverse-low-power listening (RLPL) as part of an overall Hybrid Low-Power Listening (HLPL) protocol. We evaluate our algorithms using Castalia simulator against an oracle-based approach, and show that our dynamic slot reclaiming approach, coupled with HLPL, can introduce substantial power savings without sacrificing real-time support which may be a new approach towards improving industrial wireless standards.

KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN KALIMAT DALAM RUBRIK “OPINI” MAJALAH PENDAPA TAMANSISWA

The purpose of this research is to describe ineffective sentences on the "Opinion" rubric of Pendapa Tamansiswa magazine. In the detail of purpose, this research is to describe (1) the ineffectiveness of words selection, (2) the ineffectiveness of sentences structure, and (3) the uncertainty of apply spelling words. Kind of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research is the ineffectiveness sentences in the "Opinion" rubric of Pendapa Tamansiswa magazine. The source data of this research is “Opinion” rubric on Pendapa Tamansiswa magazine. In this research the source data from magazines that were published from 2005 until 2015. From eight Pendapa Tamansiswa magazines, there are eleven rubric opinions. The method of providing data is listening. The technique of provision data uses listening technique and note technique. The method to the analysis of data is agih method, while the analysis technique of data use the base technique for direct element., with other techniques like replace technique, expansion technique, return technique, and disappeared technique. The result this research is a description of ineffectiveness sentences in the “Opinion” rubric of Pendapa Tamansiswa magazine. From 631 sentences that were analyzed, there are 263 sentences or several 41,68 % that not effective. There are ineffectiveness sentences. (1) The ineffectiveness of words selection as many as 59 sentences or 9,35 %, includes (a) the ineffectiveness of words selection and (b) the incompatibility words selection. (2) the ineffectiveness of sentence structure are 46 sentences or 7,29% includes (a) not the unity of ideas, (b) the blend sentence, (c) the waste of sentence, (d) not synchronous sentences, (e) not logically sentences. (3) Spelling inaccuracy several 132 sentences or 20,92% , includes (a) the improper use of letters, (b) the inaccurate of writing, (c) the imprecise use of punctuation, and (d) the inaccuracy of writing the absorption element. (4) The mixed effectiveness amount of 26 sentences or 4,12% , includes (a) the ineffectiveness of word choices and the ineffectiveness of sentence structure, (b) the ineffectiveness of word choices and inaccuracy of spelling amount, (c) the ineffectiveness of sentences structure and inaccuracy of spelling, and (d) the ineffectiveness of word choices and the ineffectiveness of sentences structure and inaccuracy of spelling.

Language lateralisation through dichotic listening in a group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

IntroductionDichotic listening is one of the most common techniques used to determine the hemispheric lateralisation of language, using pairs of stimuli that are presented simultaneously, one in each ear to induce auditory competition between the two ears. Right-ear advantage for the perception of words is considered the most important indicator of left hemispheric lateralisation of language. Greater variability in hemispheric lateralisation has been found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to mechanisms of brain plasticity. ObjectiveConfirm right-ear advantage for the perception of word pairs using the dichotic listening technique in a group of right-handed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. MethodsA 60 word-pair dichotic listening technique was used, controlling the appearance, duration and ending of each pair of stimuli. Twenty-seven (27) right-handed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied, obtaining their laterality index based on the number of words perceived in each ear. ResultsRight-ear advantage with a significant difference (p<0.0001) was observed between both ears. According to the laterality index, 78% of the patients had left hemispheric lateralisation of language. ConclusionThe presence of right-ear advantage for the perception of word pairs is a constant pattern that suggests hemispheric lateralisation of language in patients with epilepsy. Considering its scope and limitations, dichotic listening can be used to screen preoperative patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. There are no reports on the Mexican population on this subject.

Patient consent at the core of care

Respecting a patient's decision is an obligation even in the case of cognitive disorders. Obtaining their consent for treatment requires attentive listening, adapted communication and reassurance techniques. The aim is to establish a relationship of trust and to create a calm and reassuring atmosphere. Caregivers are often placed at the heart of a complex situation and must therefore choose the best strategy.

Speech Perception by Left-handed Preschoolers with Different Types of Hemispheric Laterality

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of speech perception while teaching a foreign language to left-handed preschoolers. The relevance of the study is based on the insufficient state of knowledge of the issue and a new approach to the issue of left-handedness. Currently, left-handed children are no longer retrained and that was the reason for creation of different educational technologies. The study used interesting methods of speech study: the differential hearing sensitivity determination technique by J.A. Vedenyapina, the dichotic listening technique by D. Kimura adapted by B.S. Kotik. Conclusively significant differences were found when we compared most of the indicators in the group of left-handed preschoolers with different types of Functional Brain Asymmetry (FBA). There were conclusively significant differences identified by comparing the left-handed and right-handed preschoolers with strong right hemispheric laterality at all levels of differential hearing sensitivity. The results can be used by teachers of various types of educational institutions, as well as the parents of left-handed children.

The relationship between police officers' personalities and interviewing styles

This study examined the relationship between Japanese police officers' personal characteristics and their interviewing styles. Two hundred and seventy-one male police officers who had interviewed serious criminals answered a questionnaire that assessed their personality (using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (FFI) scale), empathy (using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)), and interviewing style. There were some associations between personality and interviewing style but no personal characteristics were related to the presentation of evidence technique. The police officers who scored higher on the “perspective taking” domain of the IRI were more likely to use the active listening technique. Those who had higher levels of “agreeableness” on the NEO-FFI scale tended to employ the rapport building technique. At the time the questionnaire was administered, the Japanese police force had not provided formal training in interviewing techniques that incorporated findings obtained in psychological research. Training might in the future reduce the effect of personal characteristics on the interviewing styles of Japanese police officers.

Qui sont les djihadistes français ? Analyse de 12 cas pour contribuer à l’élaboration de profils et à l’évaluation du risque de passage à l’acte

ObjectivesThe growth of terrorism of the Islamic State in Europe leads the Human Sciences community to contribute to the psychological knowledge and the reconsideration of management of individuals who went to fight in Syria. This publication aims to illustrate the contributions of the international scientific literature by a thematic analysis (biography, the relation to the religion, the motivations of the departure in Syria) of 12 cases of young French jihadists who went to fight in Syria. PatientsThe French jihadists were encountered in psychological expertise while they were in custody for criminal association made for the commission of offenses of a terrorist nature. Materials and methodsTwo separate interviews were conducted with each young man, combining active listening techniques to confrontation techniques speech to the evidence collected in the investigation files. ResultsOne can speculate that these young people who face a lack of transmission of cultural and religious values have chosen to over-invest in the religious sphere in a movement of omnipotence. For some, adolescence was also a period of entry into delinquency, consisting of robberies, fights and trafficking, including drugs. These delinquent behaviors can also be trivialized by some. If they all manifest the wish to structure their love life, they seem to have experienced setbacks, some already divorced, most already have two young children. For most people interviewed, schooling was marked by difficulties and failures. We observed an early school leaving. None of the people interviewed seem to have actually invested their professional live. We observed high variability criminal record but also for religious motives. Some showed only partial perception and utility of religion, while others adhered to the rigoristic religious beliefs. In all interviewees, the desire to fight in Syria was, according to them, motivated by the need of helping the Syrian people victim of Bashar al-Assad regime. For most of them, the lack of safe everyday anchor would germinate the decision to go to Syria as part of a headlong rush of a disappointment in love or feeling empty. Internet played a fundamental role in the decision to go to Syria. Belief in obtaining recognition and a special status, due to support for the Syrian population, have also played an important role. They said that all derive from their experience in Syria, frustration and disappointment, in view of their hope to contribute to the fight for the benefit of the Syrian people. They would each be trained in weapons handlings. It is also important to note that most young people met were able to present an ability to adapt to the expectations of his interlocutor, to hide an emotional state and rationalize motivations. The elements obtained through clinical interviews with persons accused in connection with a “criminal association for the commission of a terrorist related offense” have allowed to highlight three specific “profiles” which we can describe the salient aspects of their personality: The “ambitious offender”, the “converted preacher” and the “connected criminal”. These clinical descriptions also allow to propose reflections on the assessment of the risk of violence and acting out among jihadists returning from Syria. ConclusionsSpecific questions on their ability to concealment are the major issue for psychological evaluation. The aim is to identify the authentic “repentant” one (already involved in a deradicalization process) from the “sleeping agent” (who is still committed in islamist networks and can provide a possible reactivation in a violent action).

Some Viable Techniques for Assessing and Counselling Cognitive Processing Weakness

Cognitive Processing weakness (CPW) is a psychological problem that impedes students’ ability to learn effectively in a normal school setting. Such weakness may include; auditory, visual, conceptual, sequential, speed and attention processing. This paper therefore examines the basic assessment or diagnostic approaches such as Diagnosis by Inclusion Approach, I.Q Discrepancy Approach and Intrinsic Processing Approach. Some effective counselling techniques examined include Free Association, Brainstorming, Responsive Listening Technique and Cognitive Restructuring. Recommendations offered suggest early diagnosis of students and use of viable techniques for counselling students with Cognitive processing weakness.