Listening Strategies Research Articles

La comunicación en mediación social y su oportunidad para el desarrollo comunitario

El desarrollo comunitario favorece la transformación de las estructuras y sinergias sociales y conduce a los grupos sociales a una convivencia social generadora de bienestar. Nuestro objetivo principal es identificar las habilidades de comunicación del mediador profesional para facilitar los procesos de toma de decisiones y diálogo con el fin de generar iniciativas para el desarrollo de los grupos sociales. El estudio es cualitativo descriptivo y que aplica un instrumento de encuesta autocumplimentada a una muestra representativa de mediadores sociales en activo en la comunidad Catalana. Como resultados principales destaca la competencia comunicadora como eje central del rol mediador, que ha de emplear para favorecer las estrategias de diálogo eficaz y escucha activa entre las partes en conflicto. Además de la identificación del mediador como agente de desarrollo social al incidir en el empoderamiento social de los implicados y favoreciendo su autopercepción como agentes activos socialmente.Community development improves the transformation of social structures and synergies, also leads social groups to a social coexistence that generates welfare. Our main objective is to identify the professional mediator’s communication skills wich facilitate decision-making and dialogue processes in order to generate initiatives for the development of social groups. This study is qualitative descriptive and applies a self-fulfilling survey instrument to a representative sample of active social mediators in Catalonia (Spain). As main results, communication skills should be emphasized as the central role of the mediator role, which should be used to promote effective dialogue and active listening strategies among the parties to the conflict. In addition to the identification of the mediator as an agent of social development by influencing the social empowerment of those involved and favoring their self-perception as socially active agents.

Engaged Listening Experiences: A World Music Sampler

As the U.S. population has become significantly more culturally diverse, many music educators have acknowledged the necessity to implement culturally diverse musics in music curricula. One of the challenges in teaching culturally diverse musics is designing a balance between performing-based activities and other activities such as listening, improvising, and composing activities. Despite the importance of developing students’ listening skills, listening lessons are still relatively deficient within the context of world musics. Therefore, we provide general music teachers with engaged listening strategies for implementing world music lessons in music classrooms. The lessons provided in this article are appropriate for upper elementary and secondary general music classrooms.

ILLNESS AND THE LANGUAGE OF POETRY

Two interactive workshops were conducted: one for training healthcare professionals in nursing, PT, and pharmacy, and another for the continuing education for caregivers of HIV-positive patients. Active Listening and Visual Learning Strategies for Healthcare Professionals discussed the importance of using active listening skills to better hear, understand, and treat patients. Activities included viewing one WOE respondent’s artwork and hearing a clip of the respondent’s interview, followed by a facilitated discussion of how the respondent’s story about her childhood shed light on her art. Additionally two published poems about bodies and illness were shared, with discussion of how each poem’s circuitous narrative nature offered clues about the speaker’s illness and outlook on life. Cultural Humility’s activities focused on utilizing poetry to discuss how caregivers can use active listening strategies to better understand how patients cope with life-changing illnesses, and how they incorporate the challenges of those illnesses into rich, fulfilling lives.

INTEREST GROUP SESSION—REMINISCENCE, LIFE STORY AND NARRATIVE: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: WISDOM OF THE ELDERS: ART, MEDICINE, NARRATIVES, AND POETRY

The Wisdom of the Elders (WOE) is a series of autobiography production workshops conducted since 2012 through a collaboration among community, university, and municipal partners. Beginning in Murfreesboro, TN it has since been replicated in New Orleans, LA. The Wisdom of the Elders project has many elements, including life history interviews, creative writing workshops, and creative expressions that allowed elders to share their wisdom with younger generations. Our focus was to understand how personal characteristics and historical/environmental events interact to influence healthy aging. Later work extended to interviewing older hospitalized patients in order to gain insight into intergenerational themes. The interdisciplinary team has also used poetry and reflection to train healthcare professionals and caregivers to use active listening strategies to better understand how patients cope with life-changing illnesses, and how they incorporate the challenges of those illnesses into rich, fulfilling lives. WOE has been supported by the Mellon Foundation, the Meharry-Vanderbilt Community Engaged Research Core, and the Department of English, the College of Arts and Science Dean’s Office, and the Chancellor’s Higher Education Fellowship at Vanderbilt University. WOE has led to the formation of an interdisciplinary research and publication collaborative featuring distinguished clinicians, artists, and scholars from Creative Writing, Education, Geriatrics, Interprofessional Learning, Psychology, and Public Humanities.

대학생의 학습동기에 따른 영어듣기전략 분석

대학생의 학습동기에 따른 영어듣기전략 분석

Assessing Students Metacognitive Listening Strategy Awareness of Ambo University Second Year English Major Students

Assessing Students Metacognitive Listening Strategy Awareness of Ambo University Second Year English Major Students

Explicit Listening Strategy Training for ELF Learners

Even though it is recognized as the macro-language skill most strongly correlated with the rapid development of foreign language skills, listening is reported to be the most under-researched and the most neglected by foreign language teachers. Motivated by our will to improve as L2 listening teachers, we embarked on an action research project aiming to develop a series of listening training approaches based on contemporary listening research. Focusing on a combination of metacognitive, top-down and bottom-up strategies, twelve English as a lingua franca-informed listening training activities were implemented at a private Japanese university. This paper provides a review of the listening training program for 147 Japanese students. It considers pre and post-program listening assessment, student perceptions of their self-efficacy as L2 listeners, teachers’ observations and student reactions to the explicit training program. While the program was received favorably by students, as indicated by their positive stance towards listening and communicating in English at the end of the treatment, no improvement in listening test scores was observed.

The Effect of Metacognitive Listening Strategy Instruction on Omani Grade 11 EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension and their Metacognitive Listening Awareness

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of metacognitive listening strategy instruction on Omani Grade 11 EFL learners’ listening comprehension and their metacognitive listening awareness. The sample of the study included two groups (experimental and control, n=112) from grade 11 students from one of the schools in Muscat Governorate in the academic year 2017-2018. Two research instruments were used to collect data: a listening comprehension test and metacognitive awareness for listening questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that students in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in the control group in the listening comprehension as a result of the metacognitive listening strategy instruction. Similarly, there was a statistically significant increase in the experimental group students’ metacognitive listening awareness as a result of the intervention. In light of these findings, implications and recommendations for further studies were offered. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.9.14

Identifying Language Learning Strategies Used by ESL Learners in A Rural Primary School

Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) are crucial and helpful in the learning of English as a second language (ESL). However, it appeared that the unawareness of their LLSs has affected ESL learners in the area of this study in their learning of English language. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the LLSs used among ESL learners in a rural primary school. Data were collected using a survey research design through questionnaire. A set of questionnaire comprises four parts were given to a group of 30 Year 6 pupils in a rural area primary school in Borneo, Malaysia. Data collected showed that majority of or almost all respondents used the listening strategies listed in the questionnaire. Meanwhile, only limited speaking strategies being used by respondents in this study. This is because there was a big number of respondents who felt that speaking strategies are not significant to them due to limited usage of English language. These findings illuminated that majority of the respondents did not use some speaking strategies listed in the questionnaire when learning the English language. For translation strategies, data collected showed that the respondents used the translation strategies listed in the questionnaire when learning the English language. The findings of this study benefit the language teachers in primary schools in a way that these findings appear to be a good reference for them to be aware of their teaching approaches and to ensure their approaches suit learners’ LLSs. Overall, the findings of this study showed that listening and translation strategy supported learners more in their language learning.

Exploiting the speech-gesture link to capture fine-grained prosodic prominence impressions and listening strategies

In this paper, we explore the possibility to gather perceptual impressions of prosodic prominence by exploiting the strong prosody-gesture link, i.e., by having listeners transform a perceptual impression into a motor movement, namely drumming, for two domains of prominence: word-level and syllable-level. A feasibility study reveals that such a procedure is indeed easily and speedily mastered by naïve listeners, but more difficult for word-level prominences. We furthermore examine whether “drummed” annotations are comparable to those gathered with more established annotation protocols based on cumulative naïve impressions and fine-grained expert ratings. These comparisons reveal high correspondences across all prominence annotation protocols, thus corroborating the general usefulness of the gestural approach. The analyses also reveal that all annotation protocols are strongly driven by structural linguistic considerations. We then use Random Forest Models to investigate the relative impact of signal and structural cues to prominence annotations. We find that expert ratings of prosodic prominence are guided comparatively more by structural concerns than those of naïve annotators, that word-level annotations are influenced more by structural linguistic cues than syllable-level ones, and that “drummed” annotations are driven least by structural cues. Lastly, we isolate two main listener strategies among our group of “drummers”, namely those integrating structural and signal cues to prominence, and those being guided predominantly by signal cues.

Autopercepção de idosos a respeito de suas condições auditivas, de sua escuta e de suas estratégias de comunicação

Introdução: Estudos recentes na área da Fonoaudiologia vêm considerando a velhice, para além de aspectos orgânicos, a partir da participação social e da autonomia da pessoa idosa. Nesse sentido, cabe ressaltar o papel da linguagem, concebida como atividade dialógica, na promoção do envelhecimento ativo, a qual depende da possibilidade de escutar e de ser escutado. Objetivo: Investigar a autopercepção de idosos a respeito de suas condições auditivas, de sua escuta e de suas estratégias de comunicação. Método: Tendo em vista a análise dialógica do discurso, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com sete idosos, com e sem perda auditiva, participantes de uma Oficina da Linguagem que ocorreu em uma Universidade localizada no Sul do Brasil, durante o ano de 2016. Resultados: Os enunciados produzidos pelos participantes evidenciam que os idosos fazem uso de estratégias para ouvir melhor, tais como aproximar-se do falante, olhar de frente e prestar atenção no outro. No que diz respeito à autopercepção da escuta, alguns idosos relacionam o fato de não ouvirem às experiências negativas na infância e aos seus anos na escola. Conclusão: A possibilidade ou dificuldade para escutar, na percepção dos participantes, distancia-se de explicações de caráter orgânico e indica a importância da valorização e do acolhimento à palavra singular do outro. Assim, essa percepção pode servir de referência a outros profissionais que trabalham com idosos, para que possam atuar, considerando cada idoso como único e suas produções discursivas como singulares. Essa mudança de olhar pode favorecer a autonomia, a qualidade de vida e a inserção social dessa parcela da população.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY AND METACOGNITIVE LISTENING STRATEGIES OF EFL LEARNERS

The present study was conducted to identify the relationship between critical thinking and metacognitive awareness listening strategies of Intermediate EFL learners. It also, investigated difference between the learners with high and low critical thinking ability on their performance in metacognitive listening strategies use. The participants of this study were 120 first year university students from the Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Bitola, Macedonia. Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Questionnaire, Meta-Cognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire and listening comprehension tests were used as instruments of this study. The results of this study revealed that there was a strong positive significant correlation between critical thinking ability and metacognitive listening strategies. In order to investigate difference between learners with high and low critical thinking ability and their metacognitive listening strategies use an independent sample t-test was employed, and the results showed a significant difference between the learners with high and low critical thinking ability and their metacognitive listening strategies use.

Probing the Underlying Principles of Perceived Immanent Accents Using a Modeling Approach.

This article deals with the question of how the perception of the “immanent accents” can be predicted and modeled. By immanent accent we mean any musical event in the score that is related to important points in the musical structure (e.g., tactus positions, melodic peaks) and is therefore able to capture the attention of a listener. Our aim was to investigate the underlying principles of these accented notes by combining quantitative modeling, music analysis and experimental methods. A listening experiment was conducted where 30 participants indicated perceived accented notes for 60 melodies, vocal and instrumental, selected from Baroque, Romantic and Post-tonal styles. This produced a large and unique collection of perceptual data about the perceived immanent accents, organized by styles consisting of vocal and instrumental melodies within Western art music. The music analysis of the indicated accents provided a preliminary list of musical features that could be identified as possible reasons for the raters’ perception of the immanent accents. These features related to the score in different ways, e.g., repeated fragments, single notes, or overall structure. A modeling approach was used to quantify the influence of feature groups related to pitch contour, tempo, timing, simple phrasing, and meter. A set of 43 computational features was defined from the music analysis and previous studies and extracted from the score representation. The mean ratings of the participants were predicted using multiple linear regression and support vector regression. The latter method (using cross-validation) obtained the best result of about 66% explained variance (r = 0.81) across all melodies and for a selected group of raters. The independent contribution of each feature group was relatively high for pitch contour and timing (9.6 and 7.0%). There were also significant contributions from tempo (4.5%), simple phrasing (4.4%), and meter (3.9%). Interestingly, the independent contribution varied greatly across participants, implying different listener strategies, and also some variability across different styles. The large differences among listeners emphasize the importance of considering the individual listener’s perception in future research in music perception.

Developing a framework for investigating L2 listeners’ longitudinal development

AbstractIn research conducted by this author examining the development of adult second language listeners, one key aspect of that study was to evaluate the learners’ growth in their listening strategy use. A search of the literature, however, found no reliable conception of listener growth to guide the evaluation. Consequently, this study sought to develop such a framework. To accomplish this, cross-sectional verbal report studies comparing the strategy use of proficient and less proficient listener groups were examined, and the strategies used frequently by the proficient listeners, but infrequently by the less-proficient listeners, served to indicate developmental trends. A second component of the study was then to order these strategies into the stages of Anderson’s (1985,Cognitive psychology and its implications, 2nd edn. New York: Freeman, 2010,Cognitive psychology and its implications, 7th edn. New York: Freeman) three-stage comprehension model, those of perception, parsing and utilization. This second part of the study was conducted to address apparent flaws in past research categorizing listening strategies based on this model.

EFL Learners’ Creativity and Their Listening Comprehension Strategies

Listening is one of the fundamental language skills which plays a crucial role in facilitating language learning. However, very little research has been conducted on the relationship between EFL learners’ listening strategy use and their individual differences. Listening strategies are the techniques that we use consciously or unconsciously to understand and interpret the text we are listening and they are directly contributed to the comprehension and recall of listening input. Despite the relatively small number of investigation in the realm of listening strategies, there is a lack of research study investigating them in relation to specific traits or skills. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between creativity and the use of listening comprehension strategies by EFL learners. To this end 45 students at the advanced level were chosen out of 88. The adapted version of Listening Strategy Questionnaire was administered to the subjects to identify their listening strategies. Then, Torrance Test of Creative Thinking was administered to measure their creative abilities. The descriptive analysis indicated that these EFL learners employed meta-cognitive listening strategies more than cognitive strategies and they used cognitive strategies more than socio-affective strategies. The Pearson Correlation analysis showed that there was a statistically high, significant and positive association between Iranian EFL learners’ creative abilities and their listening strategies at <0.01 level. The correlation between creativity and meta-cognitive strategies was higher than those of other strategies, followed by the correlation between creativity and cognitive strategies and then the correlation between creativity socio-affective strategies. In the end, pedagogical implications and areas for further research were provided.

Effect of Dysphonia and Cognitive-Perceptual Listener Strategies on Speech Intelligibility

There is a high prevalence of dysphonia among professional voice users and the impact of the disordered voice on the speaker is well documented. However, there is minimal research on the impact of the disordered voice on the listener. Considering that professional voice users include teachers and air-traffic controllers, among others, it is imperative to determine the impact of a disordered voice on the listener. To address this, the objectives of the current study included: (1) determine whether there are differences in speech intelligibility between individuals with healthy voices and those with dysphonia; (2) understand whether cognitive-perceptual strategies increase speech intelligibility for dysphonic speakers; and (3) determine the relationship between subjective voice quality ratings and speech intelligibility. Sentence stimuli were recorded from 12 speakers with dysphonia and four age- and gender-matched typical, healthy speakers and presented to 129 healthy listeners divided into one of three strategy groups (ie, control, acknowledgement, and listener strategies). Four expert raters also completed a perceptual voice assessment using the Consensus Assessment Perceptual Evaluation of Voice for each speaker. Results indicated that dysphonic voices were significantly less intelligible than healthy voices (P ≤ 0.001) and the use of cognitive-perceptual strategies provided to the listener did not significantly improve speech intelligibility scores (P = 0.602). Using the subjective voice quality ratings, regression analysis found that breathiness was able to predict 41% of the variance associated with number of errors (P = 0.008). Overall results of the study suggest that speakers with dysphonia demonstrate reduced speech intelligibility and that providing the listener with specific strategies may not result in improved intelligibility.

INVESTIGATING METACOGNITIVE LISTENING STRATEGY AND LISTENING PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY ENGLISH LEARNERS

Abstract Among listening strategies that are proposed by experts, metacognitive is one of important strategies in language learning. Metacognitive strategies help students understand the way they learn and the steps they take. Hence, learners will success in learning a language. The study investigated metacognitive listening strategies awareness and the listening difficulties among the second semester students at Faculty of Letter of Universitas Pamulang academic year 2017/2018. Out of 300 students of the population, 131 students (99 females and 32 males) were chosen as the samples based on the random sampling. The data in this study were obtained through questionnaires (MALQ, Vandergrift et al, 2006) and openended questionnaire. This study revealed that overall the highest level of the students’ metacognitive awareness is problem solving and the lowest is directed attention. The students identified a number of factors that contribute to difficulties in listening comprehension: lack of vocabulary, speaker speed, accent, pronunciation, concentration, and other problems. In this paper, the findings and conclusion are discussed for classroom instruction and note substantive concerns that should be addressed in future research. Keywords: English learners, listening problem, listening skill, metacognitive, strategy

A STUDY OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES UTILIZED IN READING AND LISTENING COMPREHENSION: AN INVESTIGATION OF NURSING JUNIOR COLLEGE ENGLISH LEARNERS

The purpose of this study was to analyze English-learners’ metacognition when engaged in reading and listening tasks, to determine if there was a correlation between their reading metacognition and listening metacognition, and to determine if metacognition levels differed between students of basic, intermediate, and advanced English levels. One class of 50 nursing students in a 5-year nursing program was assigned to participate in this study for one semester. The learners were divided into three groups (high, intermediate, and low) based on their score on an English listening test. At the beginning of the semester, they listened to a lesson called “Dangerous Dining.” Five months later, the students were presented with the same lesson, though this time in written form rather than spoken form, and their reading comprehension was tested using the same questions. Then the learners were asked to fill out two online questionnaires: a 21-question questionnaire about their reading strategies, and a 30-question questionnaire about their listening strategies. The surveys were designed to gauge the participants’ metacognitive awareness. The results showed that there was a positive and strong significant correlation between the learners’ listening metacognitive strategy and reading metacognitive strategy, r=0. 775, p 0.01, respectively. The results revealed that there was a positive significant correlation between reading comprehension and listening comprehension for low-level learners. The intermediate and advanced language learners reported applying fewer listening metacognitive strategies to reading metacognitive strategies than the low-level language learners because they had internalized the listening/reading metacognitive strategies to experience them automatically and didn’t report the automated process. They thus used fewer metacognitive strategies. Article visualizations:

Assessing interactional skills in a paired speaking test

The operationalization of interactional competence (IC) within the paired speaking test format allows for a range of interactional skills to be tested. However, in terms of assessment, challenges are posed with regard to the co-constructed nature of IC, making investigations into raters’ perceptions of the construct essential to inform test score interpretation. This qualitative study explores features of IC that raters attended to as they evaluated performances in a paired speaking test, part of a Swedish national test of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Two groups of raters, 17 EFL teachers from Sweden, using national standards based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), and 14 raters from Finland and Spain, using CEFR scales, rated six audio-recorded paired performances, and provided written comments to explain their scores and account for salient features. The findings of the content analysis indicate that raters attended to three main interactional resources: topic development moves, turn-taking management, and interactive listening strategies. As part of the decision-making process, raters also considered the impact of test-takers’ interactional roles and how candidates’ performances were interrelated. In the paper, interaction strategies that were perceived as more or less successful by raters are highlighted. The findings have implications for our understanding of raters’ operationalization of IC in the context of paired speaking tests, and for the development of rating scales and guidelines that reflect the social dimensions of the construct.

EFL Learners’ Listening Strategy Awareness viewed from Their Learning Styles in the Extensive Listening Class

Abstract. Albeit listening comprehension as the vital role of language input, most EFL students have a somewhat negligent concern of it in the process of mastering EFL. Accordingly, the listening educators need to confirm students’ listening strategy awareness related to their learning styles for enhancing the quality of teaching listening. To this end, the study aims at assaying EFL students’ listening strategy awareness between visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners who got an explicit strategy instruction of Extensive listening class and those who did not get the explicit strategy instruction. The participants of the study were 38 sophomore EFL students of English departments at Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. Listening strategy awareness questionnaire, learning style questionnaire, and interview were utilized as the data collection instruments. The results elucidated that explicit listening strategy instructions have raised students’ direct attention strategies. Strategies of interpreting the meaning in their head and translating keywords that they have listened potentially impact on students’ mental translation strategy awareness. Indeed, visual learners in the control group have a higher strategy awareness dealing with person knowledge than in an experimental group. Then, auditory learners have similar scores for both groups — meanwhile, a bit higher score of person knowledge possessed by the kinesthetic learners in the experimental group. However, the statistical findings elucidate that there are no significant differences between the experimental and control group. Interview results confim that explicit strategy instruction of extensive listening class enables learners to create a good atmosphere in listening class, and their competence of listening instruction.