List Of Plants Research Articles

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND THEIR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM PLANTS AGAINST HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA - REVIEW

The terrible nature of the condition and the lack of an effective, long-lasting treatment, anticancer therapy has become one of the biggest issues in the medical field. In light of this, it is believed that discovering an effective drug is a popular research issue in the field of medical science. There is a long history of using plant-derived extracts, mixtures, fractions, and phyto-chemicals to treat liver issues. The goal of this study is to assess the scientific research on the efficacy of various bioactive compounds that have been isolated from plant extracts over the past 20 years against the fatal disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The knowledge at hand includes a number of research and tests employing plant parts such as stems, leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, bark etc. And we could deduce from the literature that the researchers conducted in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo, and other types of experiment using these extracts to obtain the best outcomes. This study aims to assess the level of progress made in the quest for a suitable, long-lasting natural treatment for HCC and makes an effort to compile a list of plants that have been shown to have hepato-protective properties. Finding new anticancer drugs derived from natural resources will receive more focus.

Solanum americanum: An alternative model crop in plant pathology

The Solanum americanum, possesses valuable features that earn it a deserved addition to the expanding list of model plants that are utilized in the fields of plant genetics, plant breeding and biotechnology. This review attempts to comprehensively highlight the crucial role of this model plant and its genetic diversity in terms of resistance against biotic pathogens. In summary, we recommend the use of this plant in future studies focused on plant-pathogen interactions.

Forest Management in an Ancient Indian Scriptures Prospective With Specific Reference to Ramayana – Literary Evidence

The relationship between ecological and culture is more apparent in ancient Indian texts, and this is mirrored in several scriptures. Ancient Indian scriptures including the Arthasastra, Sathapatha Bhramanas, Vedas, Manusmrti, Brhat Samhita, Ramayana, and Mahabharata all represented the sustainable ideas of forest ecology and conservation. The Vedic teachings demonstrate how deeply embedded sustainability was in the minds of the ancient Indians. For example, the Atharva Veda (Chand, 1997) hymn 12.1.11 reads: "O Earth! Pleasant be thy hills, snow-clad mountains and forests; O numerous coloured, firm and protected Earth! On this earth I stand, undefeated, unslain, unhurt." Another hymn from Atharva Veda (12.1.35) reads: "Whatever I dig out from you, O Earth! May that have quick regeneration again; may we not damage thy vital habitat and heart."In particular, our Indian Scriptures such as Aranyakas ("forest" works), Upanishad, and Smritis contains many descriptions on the uses and management of forests, and highlight sustainability as an implicit theme. According to the Vedic traditions, every village will attain wholeness only when certain types of forests are present. Some of these are, however, equivalent to the 'protected areas' and 'production forests' of today. The concept of participatory forest management, an important forest management paradigm today, also was prevalent in ancient India, as illustrated by the example of a village committee overseeing the maintenance of forests. In this context, Valmiki’s Ramayana is the most important source of botanical information. It is very useful in clarifying the botanical identity of various species of plAants and also their importance. It contains an extensive list of plants and also their specific geographical location. The epic also covers a vast area from Ayodhya to Lanka and thus gives an accurate account of different landscapes, mountains, river basins, forests and so on. When the Ramayana was being written, there were thick forests in Naimisharanya, Chitrakut, Dhandakaranya and Panchavati. The Bala kanda mentions the plants and forests of the region on the other side of the river Ganges, Kishkinda kanda discusses the geography and forestry and the biodiversity of the Pampa lake area; and the Aranya kanda describes the foliage of Sage Agasthya’s hermitage; Panchavati was a model of a modified ecology with fruit yielding and medicinal plants where cereals, millets and rice were found. The plants which are mentioned have an economic value, being sacred and utilitarian. Despite the prevailing notion that forestry as a "science" and "practice" originated in the Western Europe and further advanced in North America (Lewis, 2005), the principles of forest conservation and sustainable management were well entrenched in the pre-historic India. Forestry traditions have been documented in the Anciient Indian Scriptures for long. For example, the Vedas contain several descriptions on the uses and management of forests; environment consciousness, besides natural resource and biodiversity conservation, were intrinsic features of rituals and practices. Both productive as well as protective aspects of forest vegetation were emphasized .In this paper authors are making an effort to understand forest management from ancient scriptures perspectives. Vedas,Upanishand,Rmayana and Bhagwadgeeta has been used to understand. This paper is purely based on secondary, which is based on these research methodologies called Hermeneutics, which is the interpretation of ancient or classical literature (Ramayana,Vedas,Bhawadgeeta) Epistemology, which is knowing and understanding the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.

The traditional uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.

Bai Hua Qian Hu (Qianhu; Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn) is a classical medicinal plant traditionally prescribed for respiratory ailments, including cough, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, phytochemistry, botany, quality control, and traditional uses of P. praeruptorum in order to support future investigations into the scientific and therapeutic promise of this important medicinal plant. Information pertaining to P. praeruptorum was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Springer, SciFinder, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Web of Science), as well as toxicology papers from local conferences, M. Sc. and Ph.D. theses and dissertations, local magazines, classic texts on Chinese botanical drugs, and peer-reviewed journals. The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) was utilized to verify the taxonomy of P. praeruptorum. P. praeruptorum was found to contain more than 119 distinct phytochemicals, including simple coumarins, pyranocoumarins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, ketones, organic acids, and sterols, among others (e.g., praeruptorins A and B). Both crude plant extracts and purified metabolites of P. praeruptorum have been reported as treatments for hypertension, osteoporosis, Huntington's disease, and cancer. In addition, extracts of P. praeruptorum are reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including osteogenic, anti-osteoclastogenic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Research into the pharmacology and phytochemistry of P. praeruptorum partially support both traditional uses and extraction methods. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationships between these metabolites, their molecular mechanisms, their structure-function roles, and their antagonistic and synergistic effects.

Network pharmacology-based investigation of the effects of Shenqi Fuzheng injection on glioma proliferation and migration via the SRC/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn the clinic, Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) is used as an adjuvant for cancer chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Aim of the studyWe screened potential targets of SFI action on gliomas by network pharmacology and performed experiments to validate possible molecular mechanisms against gliomas. Materials and methodsWe consulted relevant reports on the SFI and glioma incidence from PubMed and Web of Science and focused on the mechanism through which the SFI inhibits glioma. According to the literature, two primary SFI components—Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge—have been found. All plant names have been sourced from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). The cell lines U87, T98G and GL261 were used in this study. The inhibitory effects of SFI on glioma cells U87 and T98G were detected by CCK-8 assay, EdU, plate cloning assay, scratch assay, Transwell assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Western blot. A subcutaneous tumor model of C57BL/6 mice was constructed using GL261 cells, and the SFI was evaluated by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The targets of glioma and the SFI were screened using network pharmacology. ResultsA total of 110 targets were enriched, and a total of 26 major active components in the SFI were investigated. There were a total of 3,343 targets for gliomas, of which 79 targets were shared between the SFI and glioma tissues. SFI successfully prevented proliferation and caused cellular S-phase blockage in U87 and T98G cells, thus decreasing their growth. Furthermore, SFI suppressed cell migration by downregulating EMT marker expression. According to the results of the in vivo tests, the SFI dramatically decreased the development of tumors in a transplanted tumour model. Network pharmacological studies revealed that the SRC/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be the pathway through which SFI exerts its anti-glioma effects. ConclusionsThe findings revealed that the SRC/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be involved in the mechanism through which SFI inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells.

Herbal Healing Traditions: A Study of Folk Medicines Used by Traditional Healers of Sonamukhi Block, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

This ethnobotanical study aims to dive into the traditional medicinal practices used by tribals in Sonamukhi Block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Focusing on the use of medicinal herbs, the study carefully investigates the intergenerational wisdom kept by traditional healers, who play an important role in healthcare administration. Through conversations with traditional healers and patients, a thorough list of medicinal plants used to treat various diseases has been developed. The study demonstrates that traditional healers successfully use these medicinal plants to produce herbal medications, offering insights into the painstaking process of herbal medicine preparation that was explored in depth during the investigation. These findings highlight the significance of joint efforts to preserve indigenous knowledge and encourage the incorporation of traditional healing techniques into contemporary healthcare. The research study focused on the complicated junction of scientific methodologies and traditional beliefs, indicating the possibility for effective collaboration between scientific institutions and indigenous populations to improve healthcare practices. The studies' thorough examination of medicinal plant usage and herbal medication manufacturing emphasizes the importance of preserving, recording, and using this unique traditional knowledge for the benefit of world healthcare.

Synergistic amelioration between Ligusticum striatum DC and borneol against cerebral ischemia by promoting astrocytes–mediated neurogenesis

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLigusticum chuanxiong Hort (LCH), with the accepted name of Ligusticum striatum DC in “The Plant List” database, is a widely used ethnomedicine in treating ischemic stroke, and borneol (BO) is usually prescribed with LCH for better therapy. Our previous study confirmed their synergistic effect on neurogenesis against cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Aim of the studyMore and more evidence indicated that astrocytes (ACs) might be involved in the modulation of neurogenesis via polarization reaction. The study was designed to explore the synergic mechanism between LCH and BO in promoting astrocyte-mediated neurogenesis. Materials and methodsAfter primary cultures and identifications of ACs and neural stem cells (NSCs), the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model and the concentrations of LCH and BO were optimized. After the OGD-injured ACs were treated by LCH, BO, and their combination, the conditioned mediums were used to culture the OGD-injured NSCs. The proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NSCs were assessed, and the secretions of BDNF, CNTF, and VEGF from ACs were measured. Then the expressions of C3 and PTX3 were detected. Moreover, the mice were performed a global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model and treated with LCH and (or) BO. After the assessments of Nissl staining, the expressions of Nestin, DCX, GFAP, C3, PTX3, p65 and p-p65 were probed. ResultsThe most appropriate duration of OGD for the injury of both NSCs and ACs was 6 h, and the optimized concentrations of LCH and BO were 1.30 μg/mL and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. The moderate OGD environment induced NSCs proliferation, migration, astrogenesis, and neurogenesis, increased the secretions of CNTF and VEGF from ACs, and upregulated the expressions of C3 and PTX3. For the ACs, LCH further increased the secretions of BDNF and CNTF, enhanced PTX3 expression, and reduced C3 expression. Additionally, the conditioned medium from LCH-treated ACs further enhanced NSC proliferation, migration, and neurogenesis. The in vivo study showed that LCH markedly enhanced the Nissl score and neurogenesis, and decreased astrogenesis which was accompanied by downregulations of C3, p-p65, and p-p65/p65 and upregulation of PTX3. BO not only decreased the expression of C3 in ACs both in vitro and in vivo but also downregulated p-p65 and p-p65/p65 in vivo. Additionally, BO promoted the therapeutic effect of LCH for most indices. ConclusionA certain degree of OGD might induce ACs to stimulate the proliferation, astrogenesis, and neurogenesis of NSCs. LCH and BO exhibited a marked synergy in promoting ACs-mediated neurogenesis and reducing astrogenesis, in which LCH played a dominant role and BO boosted the effect of LCH. The mechanism of LCH might be involved in switching the polarization of ACs from A1 to A2, while BO preferred to inhibit the formation of A1 phenotype via downregulating NF-κB pathway.

Проблемы квалификации незаконного оборота растений и их частей, содержащих психоактивные вещества, а также грибов, содержащих псилоцибин и (или) псилоцин

Purpose: research of such items of illicit drug trafficking as plants and plant parts containing psychoactive substances. Methodology: study and analysis of judicial practice of higher courts and scientific research of natural science specialists; formal legal and technical legal methods. Conclusions: there is a lack of due attention to the problem of selling narcotic plants and their parts, as well as narcotic mushrooms using information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet); the question is raised about the selection of mushrooms containing psilocybin and (or) psilocin from the List of plants containing psychoactive substances, since mushrooms are not plants. Scientific and practical significance: the authors propose the dispositions of art. 228, part 1 art. 228.1, art. 229.1 and art. 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the dispositions of the relevant articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, after the words ‘...or their parts containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances’, add the words ‘mushrooms containing psilocybin and (or) psilocin’. Also part 2 of art. 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented with the words: ‘Acquisition of items specified in Part 1 of this article using the media or electronic or information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet)’, which in general will make it possible to suppress their illegal trafficking.

Harmony in nature: understanding the cultural and ecological aspects of plant use in Ladakh

BackgroundTraditional knowledge (TK) in Ladakh encapsulates a repository of experimental wisdom cultivated over millennia. Despite this cultural wealth, dwindling interest among the younger generations in the region’s age-old practices underscores the urgency to document TK. The current study investigates the diverse usage of plants in Surru, Wakha and Lower Indus valleys of Western Ladakh exploring the influence of socioeconomic and ecological factors.MethodsA stratified random sample approach was adopted to select 540 respondents for gathering information of useful plants through interviews and questionnaires. Participant observation, questionnaires, open-ended and semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Free listing was done to create an extensive list of plants and their uses. Ethnobotanical metrics such as relative frequency of citation (RFC), relative importance index (RI), cultural value (CV) index and cultural importance (CI) index were computed to assess species applicability. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to discern significant differences in knowledge levels based on valleys, gender, education and religion using TK as a response variable.ResultsAltogether, we recorded 246 plant species under various ethnobotanical uses from Western Ladakh. These include medicinal (126), fodder (124), wild ornamentals (86), food (81), fuel wood (54), dye (20), religious (31) and others (34). Novel plant reports include Berberis brandisiana Ahrendt and Dactylorhiza kafiriana Renz. The dominant plant family is Asteraceae with 35 species. Suru valley exhibits the highest number of cited plants followed by Wakha-chu and Lower Indus valleys (192, 168 and 152 species, respectively).ConclusionDisparities in plant use understanding are evident among different groups, prompting further investigation through intercultural comparisons. Plants such as Arnebia euchroma, Juniperus semiglobosa, and Artemisia species emerge with cultural importance. Gender, valley affiliation, religious background and the remoteness of a village all influence local plant knowledge. These variations are linked to socioeconomic disparities among communities.

Codonopsis pilosula water extract delays D-galactose-induced aging of the brain in mice by activating autophagy and regulating metabolism

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCodonopsis pilosula (C. pilosula), also called “Dangshen” in Chinese, is derived from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. (C. pilosula), Codonopsis pilosula var. Modesta (Nannf.) L.D.Shen (C. pilosula var. modesta) or Codonopsis pilosula subsp. Tangshen (Oliv.) D.Y.Hong (C. pilosula subsp. tangshen), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been regularly used for anti-aging, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lungs, regulating blood sugar, lowering blood pressure, strengthening the body's immune system, etc. However, the mechanism, by which, C. pilosula exerts its therapeutic effects on brain aging remains unclear. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of C. pilosula water extract (CPWE) on the hippocampal tissue of D-galactose-induced aging mice. Materials and methodsIn this research, plant taxonomy has been confirmed in the “The Plant List” database (www.theplantlist.org). First, an aging mouse model was established through the intraperitoneal injections of D-galactose solution, and low-, medium-, and high-dose CPWE were administered to mice by gavage for 42 days. Then, the learning and memory abilities of the mice were examined using the Morris water maze tests and step-down test. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to visualize histopathological damage in the hippocampus. A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the marker protein of astrocyte activation, and autophagy-related proteins, including microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62, in the hippocampal tissues of mice. Moreover, targeted metabolomic analysis was performed to assess the changes in polar metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in the hippocampus. ResultsFirst, CPWE alleviated cognitive impairment and ameliorated hippocampal tissue damage in aging mice. Furthermore, CPWE markedly alleviated mitochondrial damage, restored the number of autophagosomes, and activated autophagy in the hippocampal tissue of aging mice by increasing the expression of LC3 protein and reducing the expression of p62 protein. Meanwhile, the expression levels of the brain injury marker protein GFAP decreased. Moreover, quantitative targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that CPWE intervention reversed the abnormal levels of L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, serotonin hydrochloride, succinic acid, and acetic acid in the hippocampal tissue of aging mice. CPWE also significantly regulated pathways associated with D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolisms, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. ConclusionsCPWE could improve cognitive and pathological conditions induced by D-galactose in aging mice by activating autophagy and regulating metabolism, thereby slowing down brain aging.

Ecological and floristic features of modern plant groupings on the territory of the Kipchak archaeological complex

The article presents the results of the study of the peculiarities of the existing vegetation cover on the territory of the Kipchak archaeological complex (Republic of Bashkortostan). The data of ecological and botanical description are presented, which contribute to the interpretation of the natural state of vegetation groupings on the territory where archaeological surveys are conducted. The investigated burial ground and settlement are part of the objects of the Kipchak archaeological complex and are located near the village of Kipchakovo. The article includes a list of vascular plants that were discovered and described in this area during the survey in 2022, indicating their relevance to the trial areas of the Kipchak archaeological complex. According to the survey data the most widespread species of vascular plants were identified, they include: Vicia tenuifolia Roth, Fragaria vesca L., Trifolium alpestre L., Galium verum L., Achillea millefolium L., Achillea millefolium L., Dactylis glomerata L., mountain clover Trifolium montanum L., Trifolium medium L., Galium boreale L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski. To date, the study area is assessed as slightly disturbed.

Prediction of potential suitable habitats in the 21st century and GAP analysis of priority conservation areas of Chionanthus retusus based on the MaxEnt and Marxan models.

Chionanthus retusus (C. retusus) has a high economic and medicinal value, but in recent years it has been included in the list of China's major protected plants and China's Red List of Biodiversity due to the serious destruction of its wild germplasm resources. Based on 131 sample points of C. retusus, this study simulated potential habitats and spatial changes of C. retusus in the 21st century using the Maxent model combined with the geographic information system ArcGIS, predicted prioritized protected areas by the Marxan model, and assessed current conservation status through GAP analysis. The results showed that (1) when the regularization multiplier was 1.5 and the feature combinations were linear, quadratic, and fragmented, the area under the curve of the subjects in the training and test sets were both above 0.9, the true skill statistic value was 0.80, and the maximum Kappa value was 0.62, meaning that the model had high accuracy; (2) Temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, min temperature for coldest month, and precipitation of wettest month had relatively strong influences on species' ranges. (3) The moderately and optimally suitable habitats of C. retusus were primly located in the areas of southwestern Shanxi, central Hebei, western Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Anhui and Hubei; (4) Under different future climate scenarios, the area of each class of suitable habitat will increase for varied amounts compared to the current period, with a general trend of expansion to the south; (5) The C. retusus priority protected areas were mainly located in most of Shandong, southern Liaoning, southwestern Shanxi, western Henan, and central Hebei, and its conservation vacancy area was relatively large compared to its protected area. These results will provide scientific strategies for implementing long-term conservation of C. retusus in China and similar regions under warming conditions in the 21st century.

Medicinal flowering plants distributed in both Vietnam and Indonesia: The diversity and proposing some solutions for development

The list of medicinal plants distributed in both Vietnam and Indonesia has not been published systematically, leading to many difficulties in developing medicinal plants distributed in both Vietnam and Indonesia. The most important goal is to build a list of medicinal flowering plants with information about specific medicinal uses. The paper assessed the diversity of species, genera, families and classes of the medicinal flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) distributed in both Vietnam and Indonesia. The study has enumerated 922 species, 600 genera, 140 families, 2 classes of Magnoliophyta, distributed in both Vietnam and Indonesia. Plants for timber with 61 species (1 class, 30 families, 55 genera). Ornamental plants with 93 species (2 classes, 32 families, 77 genera). Edible plants (edible fruits, seeds) with 86 species (2 classes, 38 families, 70 genera). Plants for essential oil with 11 species (2 classes, 7 families, 10 genera). Vegetables with 99 species (2 classes, 43 families, 80 genera). Dyed plants with 28 species (1 class, 13 families, 23 genera). Plants for fibre with 4 species (2 classes, 4 families, 4 genera). Plants for food of animal with 48 species (2 classes, 10 families, 32 genera). A model built for research and development of those species based on comprehensive cooperations and supports from agriculture, construction, fashion, forestry, food, ornamental and pharmaceutical organizations. The results provide a lot of valuable information, contributing to the development of cooperation of Vietnam and Indonesia on medicinal plant diversity research and application orientation.

Role of Plant derived-medicine for controlling Cancer

This review paper has highlighted a list of plants containing active phytochemicals with anticancer potential, as well as data supporting their use in cancer therapy, animal models, and their pharmacological properties. Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell division and proliferation that result from disruption of molecular signals that control these processes. Cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled division of cells in the body. The cancer cells when malignant, invade various parts of the body through the bloodstream. The spread of cancer from its cells or tissue of origin to another healthy part of tissues or organs is called metastasis. Some of the regular characteristics of cancers are apoptosis, angiogenesis, multiple replication, growth signal production, insensitivity to signals of anti-growth and metastasis. These features make cancer cells to have continuous growth, long time survival and the potential to invade normal cells. Moreover, if these activities are not blocked, cancer cells will continue to increase, overwhelm and finally kill the patient with cancer. Oncology is the study of cancer. An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer. An oncologist may also be called a cancer specialist. Today, despite considerable efforts, cancer still remains an aggressive killer worldwide. The success rate of these therapies is diminished by toxicities, drug resistance, recurrence and treatment failure. A significant challenge associated with cancer is that treatment is as much an art as it is a science. Therefore, there is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anticancer drugs. Several factors, such as environmental factors, habitual activities, genetic factors, etc., are responsible for cancer. Many cancer patients seek alternative and/or complementary treatments because of the high death rate linked with cancer and the adverse side effects of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and stem cell therapy. Medicinal plants could also possess effective anticancer compounds that may be used as adjuvants to existing chemotherapy to improve efficacy and/or reduce drug-induced toxicity; such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting to improve patients’ quality of life. Cell death is caused by the whole plant extracts via apoptosis. However, majority of plant extracts have been researched for cancer prevention rather than treatment, resulting in low efficacy and uptake in practice. Prevention is certainly an attractive cancer management strategy. Thus it might be possible to reduce the process of carcinogenesis with regular use of these plants along with a healthy lifestyle.

Rare faction of flora of the designed landscape reserve “Balka Shchurovka”

The article is devoted to the study of the modern distribution of certain rare plant species within the "Balka Shchurovka" beam system (near the settlements of Dniprovske, Novomykolaivka of the Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of the Dnipropetrovsk region) and substantiation of the prospects for granting the object the status of a nature conservation area. The natural diversity of the vegetation cover of the designed reserve consists of zonal steppe vegetation, bairach forests, psamophilic and petrophilic communities, and meadow vegetation. According to indicators of biodiversity, the territory b. Shchurovka is one of the most valuable within the borders of Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of Dnipropetrovsk region. In the process of researching the flora of the planned reserve, a number of new locations of species rare for the region and the region were discovered. 26 regionally rare plant species grow here, 13 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species from Resolution 6 of the Berne Convention and Annexes of the Habitats Directive, presented in the flora of Ukraine, 1 species from the World Red List. The list of plants of the Dnipropetrovsk region included in the Red Book of Ukraine includes 56 species of vascular plants, of which 13 species grow within the b. Rat, which is 23% of the total number of red book species of Dnipropetrovsk region. An important and interesting feature of the layer of sand exposed on the right slope of the gully is the presence of blocks of red sandstone enriched with iron oxides. Near the sandstone outcrops, a characteristic complex of flora has formed on sandy soil with the participation of Sempervivum ruthenicum Schnittsp. & C.B. Lehm, Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. s.l., Thymus pallasianus Heinr.Braun, Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. (Taeniopetalum arenarium (Waldst. & Kit.) V. N. Tichomirov), Achillea leptophylla M. Bieb. Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb and Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill grow here. s.l. - rare species from the Annexes of the Habitats Directive, Annex I of the Berne Convention, which prefer biotopes with an intact structure as part of rare coenoses. The study of the rare fraction of the flora of the beam system in the context of the conservation of biodiversity of the Right Bank Steppe of the Dnieper region can become the basis of the nature conservation concept of sustainable development of the region.

Rare faction of flora of the designed landscape reserve “Balka Shchurovka”

The article is devoted to the study of the modern distribution of certain rare plant species within the "Balka Shchurovka" beam system (near the settlements of Dniprovske, Novomykolaivka of the Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of the Dnipropetrovsk region) and substantiation of the prospects for granting the object the status of a nature conservation area. The natural diversity of the vegetation cover of the designed reserve consists of zonal steppe vegetation, bairach forests, psamophilic and petrophilic communities, and meadow vegetation. According to indicators of biodiversity, the territory b. Shchurovka is one of the most valuable within the borders of Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of Dnipropetrovsk region. In the process of researching the flora of the planned reserve, a number of new locations of species rare for the region and the region were discovered. 26 regionally rare plant species grow here, 13 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species from Resolution 6 of the Berne Convention and Annexes of the Habitats Directive, presented in the flora of Ukraine, 1 species from the World Red List. The list of plants of the Dnipropetrovsk region included in the Red Book of Ukraine includes 56 species of vascular plants, of which 13 species grow within the b. Rat, which is 23% of the total number of red book species of Dnipropetrovsk region. An important and interesting feature of the layer of sand exposed on the right slope of the gully is the presence of blocks of red sandstone enriched with iron oxides. Near the sandstone outcrops, a characteristic complex of flora has formed on sandy soil with the participation of Sempervivum ruthenicum Schnittsp. & C.B. Lehm, Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. s.l., Thymus pallasianus Heinr.Braun, Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. (Taeniopetalum arenarium (Waldst. & Kit.) V. N. Tichomirov), Achillea leptophylla M. Bieb. Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb and Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill grow here. s.l. - rare species from the Annexes of the Habitats Directive, Annex I of the Berne Convention, which prefer biotopes with an intact structure as part of rare coenoses. The study of the rare fraction of the flora of the beam system in the context of the conservation of biodiversity of the Right Bank Steppe of the Dnieper region can become the basis of the nature conservation concept of sustainable development of the region.

An update review on monoterpene indole alkaloids and biological activities of Tabernaemontana species occurring in Brazil

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe Tabernaemontana genus belongs to the Apocynaceae family of which 30 species are found in Brazil. Some Tabernaemontana species are used by Brazilian indigenous people and other communities, or are listed in the Yanomami Pharmacopeia. Ethnopharmacological data include use(s) for muscle problems, depressed sternum, back pain, abscess, indigestion, eye irritation, earache, itching, vaginal discharge, as an aid for older people who are slow and forgetful, mosquito and snake bites, infection by the human botfly larvae, calmative, and fever. Obviously, many of these uses are attributed to the alkaloids found in Tabernaemontana species. Aim of the reviewThe aim is to gather information on Tabernaemontana species occurring in Brazil, as sources of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). In addition, we aim to collect reported experimental demonstrations of their biological activity, which may provide the foundation for further studies, including phytochemistry, the development of medicinal agents, and validation of phytopreparations. Material and methodsThe Brazilian Flora 2020 database was used as source for Tabernamontana species occurring in Brazil. The literature review on these species was collected from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Scifinder. The keywords included names and synonyms of Tabernaemontana species found in Brazil, which were validated by the Word Flora Online Plant List. ResultsA literature survey covering the time frame from 1960 until June 2023 resulted in 121 MIAs, including 48 not yet reported in the last review published in 2016. Some alkaloid extracts, fractions, and isolated alkaloids present evidenced biological activity, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, and against snake venoms, among others. Notably, ethnopharmacological based information has been the basis of some reports on Tabernaemontana species. ConclusionsOur literature survey shows that Tabernaemontana species present bioactive MIAs, such as voacamine and affinisine, demonstrating significant cytotoxicity activity against several tumoral cell lines. Those compounds can be considered promising candidates in the search for new anticancer drugs. However, the Amazonian plant biome is increasingly damaged, which may lead to the extinction of biological diversity. This threat may also affect Tabernaemontana species, which have scarcely been investigated regarding the potential of their phytochemicals for the development of new drugs.

Combining Pocket Parks with Ecological Rainwater Management Techniques in High-Density Urban Environments

In this paper, the benefits of combining pocket parks with Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in densely built urban areas are demonstrated, through an application proposal in a medium to low-income neighborhood of the historical center of Thessaloniki, Greece. After an outline of the urbanization impact upon rainwater management, the features of the proposed site are presented, in particular those related to rainwater runoff (e.g., rather large ground slope, narrow sidewalks), which result in considerable nuisance, even during medium intensity rainfall events. The choice of the SuDS components, namely a small-scale rain garden and a permeable pavement zone is explained next. Then, the basic design details of the proposed rain garden are given, including the form of the inlet structures and a list of plants, suitable for the climatic conditions of many North Mediterranean regions. The role and the features of the permeable pavement zone are also discussed and some ideas for the urban equipment required to upgrade the park are presented. A preliminary estimate of the cost for the construction of the rainwater management works and for upgrading the available lot to a pocket park is also included. Compared to the cost of sewer pipe network reconstruction, it can be concluded that the proposed solution is cost-efficient, even without considering aesthetic and social benefits. Moreover, it allows for stepwise construction, based on the available funds.

Herbal Components for the Treatment of Various Kidney Disorders

Abstract:: Acute kidney injury is described as a loss of renal excretory function that occurs suddenly. AKI is one of several ailments grouped together as acute kidney diseases and disorders (AKD), in which progressive degradation of kidney function or persistent renal dysfunction is associated with irreversible loss of kidney cells and nephrons, potentially leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence and incidence of KDs are assessed in light of population disparities in the prevalence of risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, the presence of these associated illnesses does not fully explain the increased rate of progression of chronic renal disease in high-risk patients (CKD). The development of renal disease is accompanied by a decline in renal function, which eventually leads to renal failure. The current status of diagnostic testing does not allow for accurate early disease diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy efficacy monitoring. Despite significant advances in care and understanding of the causes of acute renal failure (ARF), many aspects of ARF remain controversial, confusing, and uncertain. Accurate information on the disease's prevalence, genesis, and clinical manifestations is required to successfully advocate for enough funding and resources to manage the disease. Herbal components for the treatment of a variety of kidney disorders, and the page includes a list of plants that are good for kidney treatment. This review focuses on several herbal products used to treat renal problems. It is clear from this study that medicinal plants play an important role in the fight against many different diseases. Several different plants and plant extracts have been shown to have beneficial effects in treating renal disease. These medications have great promise for use in treating kidney damage because of their nephroprotective, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing effects on oxidative stress, renal hypertension, and blood toxins such as urea, creatinine, and others. Therefore, India's traditional medicine offers a wide variety of medications that can be utilized in renal illnesses due to their effectiveness in both treating the ailment and restoring normal kidney function. Therefore, it is suggested that additional research be conducted to learn many aspects and mechanisms of medications.

A NEW REGISTRATION IN THE VASCULAR FLORA OF MOLDOVA (EASTERN ROMANIA): ALLIUM INAEQUALE

The presence of species Allium inaequale in the flora of Moldova (eastern Romania), has been reported in this paper, based on specimens collected by authors on the field, as well as on specimens stored in public herbaria. The species has been identified in arid grasslands of two nature reserves from the Central Moldavian Plateau (Vaslui County), namely: “Coasta Rupturile” Tanacu and “Movila lui Burcel” Miclești. This is a very rare plant species in Romania, found at the most western limit of its general range, and should be included, as vulnerable, in the Romanian Red List of Vascular Plants. We have also found that the registration of the species A. moschatum in the flora of Moldova was due to misidentification. Based on the current data, A. moschatum, should be replaced in the flora of this historical province by A. inaequale.