Official List Research Articles

Athletic Hip Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers Associated with UCL Pathology

Objectives: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a reliable treatment for elite overhand throwers with UCL pathology. In recent years, this operation has become increasingly common among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. Predisposing factors and associated comorbidities, however, have not been well elucidated in the literature. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if professional baseball pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction had an increased incidence of hip or groin injuries 4 years prior to or following their surgery. We hypothesized that MLB pitchers who sustained hip or groin injuries may have been more likely to develop UCL pathology due to kinetic chain alterations and overcompensation at the distal upper extremity during overhand throwing. Methods: This case controlled study utilized a comprehensive list of all 247 MLB players who underwent UCL reconstruction between 2005 and 2017, through aggregation of online publicly accessible data. Application of inclusion criteria yielded a final sample size of 145. These athletes’ injury histories were identified using systematic online searches and cross referenced with the official MLB disabled list. Age, playing time, and ERA-matched controls were generated for comparison of results. Results: Of the 145 MLB pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction between 2005 and 2017, 40 (27.6%) endured a proximal lower extremity injury within 4 years of their surgery. Specifically, 16 pitchers sustained hip injuries, 13 suffered hamstring injuries, and 14 experienced groin injuries. A significantly lower rate of hip and groin related injuries, 18%, was identified in matched controls during a similar timeframe (p = 0.049). This represents an odds ratio of 1.74, indicating that players who underwent a UCL reconstruction were 74% more likely to have sustained a hip, groin or hamstring injury within an eight-year timeframe compared to matched controls. Hip injuries, specifically, were independently associated with UCL reconstruction compared to matched controls (p = 0.027). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that MLB pitchers who required UCL reconstruction sustained a higher frequency of hip injuries both before and after surgery compared to matched controls. This association is significant as treatment of antecedent hip pathology, as well as emphasis on hip and core muscle mobility and strengthening, may help reduce the UCL injury burden in MLB pitchers.

Рідкісні види мохоподібних високогір’я Українських Карпат: Мармароський і Чорногірський хребти

In general, for high mountains part of Chornohora and Marmaros ranges 27 species are known from the official lists, which is based on the results of own researches, herbarium sources (Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (LW), State Natural History Museum of the National аcademy of sciences of Ukraine (LWS) and literary sources. There are 27 rare species of Chornohora range, among them five species of Marchantiophyta and 22 of Bryophyta, while five species from Bryophyta are known for the high mountains of Marmaros range. During recent years, the species Scapania helvetica Gottsche, S. verrucosa Heeg, Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs, Pohlia elongata Hedw have been found. Among the region-rare species for the territory of Chornohora were confirmed localities for Bryophyta: Hygrohypnum duriusculum (De Not.) D.W. Jamieson, Lescuraea radicosa (Mitt.) Mönk., Sciuro-hypnum reflexum (Starke) Ignatov et Huttunen., Syntrichia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra, for the high mountains of Marmaros – Cephalozia pleniceps (Aust.) Lindb (Marchantiophyta). Of the 76 species of the Arctic-Alpine element in the flora of mosses, recently have been found: Marchantiophyta: Barbilophozia sudetica (Nees ex Hübner) L. Söderstr., De Roo et Hedd., Gymnomitrion concinnatum (Lightf.) Corda, Moerckia blyttii (Morch) Brockm. , Scapania subalpina (Nees et Lindenb.) Dumort., Bryophyta: Blindia acuta (Hedw.) Bruch et Schimp., Grimmia incurva Schwägr., Hymenoloma crispulum (Hedw.) Ochyra, Hypnum callichroum Brid., H. vaucheri Lesq., Kiaeria blyttii (Bruch et Schimp.) Broth., K. starkei (Web. et Mohr) Hag., Oligotrichum hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. et DC., Philonotis seriata Mitt., Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm., P. sexangulare (Brid.) G.Sm., Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr., Tortula hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra. Research of mosses of the high mountains of Chornogora and Marmaros ranges showed significant changes in composition of species. In the last decade there were not found some of rare species, both with the status of officially, and with the regionally rare. Further detailed study of the species composition of mosses of high mountains, the state of populations of species will enable the development of scientifically based recommendations for conservation of rare species.

Relative Age Influences Performance of World-Class Track and Field Athletes Even in the Adulthood.

The relative age effect (RAE) is a common phenomenon observed in youth sports and is characterized by a significant over-representation of athletes born close to the date of selection. However, there is a lack of research on RAE in world-class track and field athletes and it is not clear if this effect persists into adulthood. Thus, this study examined for the first time the prevalence and magnitude of RAE at world class level in all track and field disciplines. Birthdates of 39,590 athletes (51.6% females) ranked in the International Association of Athletics Federations top 100 official lists between 2007 and 2018 season of Under 18, Under 20, and Senior categories were collected. Under 18 and Under 20 athletes born in the first week of the year are about 2 to 3.5 times more likely to be included in the top-100 ranking than the athletes born in the last week of the year. RAE was overall larger in male compared to female athletes. In some disciplines (e.g., throwing events) RAE persists in Senior category. These findings suggest that in some disciplines relatively younger athletes may have less chances of reaching world-class performances even in the adulthood. Governing bodies should reflect upon their policies for athlete support and selection to minimize the RAE.

Burden of suicide presented as one of the leading causes of death: uncover facts or misrepresent statistics?

BackgroundSuicide is a relatively rare incident. Nevertheless, parts of the literature on intentional self-harm behaviour state that suicide is one of the leading causes of death. We aimed to assess the evidence behind the statement that suicide is a leading cause of death across all ages, with reference to the methods of ranking causes of death.MethodsTwo sets of data were used: For the European Union (EU) we used cause specific mortality statistics from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) for the data-year 2014, and globally and for the WHO European Region we used data from Global Health Estimates (GHE) 2015. We used different sets of rules to select mutually exclusive leading underlying causes of mortality for Europe (EU28). We also present lists with estimates of leading causes of death globally, and for the WHO European Region based on the GHE 2015.ResultsIn 2014, 1.2% of all reported deaths in the Europe Union (EU28) were due to suicide, and 1.4% globally (2015) according to the WHO estimates. In Europe, suicide was ranked as number 11 and 15 in the two different ranking lists we used, and according to GHE-2015, suicide was ranked as the 17th leading cause globally, and number 14 in the WHO European Region. Looking at the differences by sex, suicide for males was ranked as the ninth and the tenth leading cause of death in two ranking lists for the European Union. For females, suicide was number 13 in the first and 23 in the second list, respectively.ConclusionsDifferent cause lists and rules for ranking produce different leading causes of mortality. The quality of data can also affect the ranking. Our rankings suggested that suicide was not among the ten leading causes of death in Europe or globally. To ensure that ranking causes of death is not driven by political motives and funding considerations, standard methods and official tabulation lists should be used. The rankings do not necessarily present the causes of mortality of greatest public health importance.

State Register of Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Real Property as it Stands

The aim of the study is to investigate the current state of registration and list of cultural heritage real property of our country. The methodology of the research consists in a historical analysis of the chronology of the lists of protected monuments in Ukraine; methods of reviewing, systematizing and comparing the registers of monuments were also used. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the real condition of the state registration of cultural heritage real property of Ukraine. Conclusions. It is established that today there is no complete, general and official register of cultural heritage real property of Ukraine, which considerably complicates the processes of research, preservation, popularization and use of objects of cultural heritage in tourism. State register of real estate monuments of Ukraine – the main official list of Ukrainian cultural heritage objects – is incomplete and unfinished; including historical and cultural objects on the register often depends on the change of the political and ideological system. Currently, the most comprehensive register of cultural heritage real property of Ukraine is the only public electronic register of historical and cultural monuments of Ukraine, created by the Public organization “Wikimedia Ukraine”.

Gazelles and muppets in the city: risk sharing and firm growth quantiles in a junior stock market

Abstract Financialization is persuading academics and policy-makers that the growth of SMEs can be unleashed by promoting their quotation on stock markets. Is it true? Answering can give clues on the functions that stock markets actually perform in the financialized world, from collecting finance for productive investments, to providing opportunities for value extraction; from a selection device to a risk-sharing mechanism. The associated effects may be amplified in segments catering to companies that do not satisfy the listing requirements of the official list, such as junior markets. In this article, we test hypotheses linking the shape of the firm growth rates distribution to the functions performed by a junior stock market, through quantile regressions. We use a sample of UK manufacturing companies listed on Alternative Investment Market (AIM), the junior segment of the London Stock Exchange, and comparably small and young unlisted companies. We find that the operating revenues and total assets of AIM-listed gazelles grow faster than for their unlisted peers, after controlling for lagged values of size, age, and growth. Yet, there is a loss reinforcing effect for companies listed on the AIM. After controlling for endogeneity by estimating instrumental variable quantile treatment effects, our findings dismiss the existence of a treatment effect of AIM and are consistent with the stock market attracting relatively risky companies.

Detecting manager’s fraud risk using text analysis: evidence from Iran

PurposeIn accounting and finance, researchers have used many ways to detect manager’s fraud risk. Until now, many researchers have used some data mining methods in these two fields to detect this risk. The purpose of this paper is to compare the precision of two data mining methods in detecting such a risk.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, this paper analyzed the texts of board’s reports and used two methods including the convex optimization (CVX) method and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method. In this way, the words of these reports, which have the greatest power in explaining the manager’s high fraud risk index, were identified. Using these words, this paper presented a model that could detect manager’s high fraud risk index in companies.FindingsThe results indicated that both methods can detect the manager’s high fraud risk index with a precision between 82.55 and 91.25 percent. The LASSO method was significantly more precise than the CVX method.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of access to an official and reliable list of firms suspected to fraud and the lack of access to the Microsoft Word (MS Word) file of board’s reports were two of the most important limitations of this study.Practical implicationsRegulatory bodies and independent auditors can consider the proposed methods in this study for assessing the fraud risk for a firm or other legal parties.Originality/valueThis paper avoided using merely financial statements data to detect the manager’s fraud risk index and focused on texts of board’s reports for the detection process. The capabilities of data mining and text mining methods for detecting the manager’s fraud risk index using board’s reports were tested in this paper. By comparing CVX and LASSO results, this paper indicated that methods with a binary-dependent variable have more power and are more precise than methods with continuous-dependent variables for detecting fraud.

PSY16 COST PER RESPONDER ANALYSIS OF GUSELKUMAB VS ADALIMUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF MODERATE TO SEVERE PSORIASIS IN THE BRAZILIAN PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Biological therapies have been a breakthrough in the treatment of plaque psoriasis (PsO), but wide variations exist in patient response. Guselkumab (GUS) has been shown in 2 head-to-head phase 3 trials to be superior to adalimumab (ADA) for the treatment of moderate to severe PsO. This study aims to estimate the cost per responder of GUS compared to ADA in moderate to severe PsO patients from the Brazilian private healthcare system perspective. This cost per responder analysis used drug acquisition costs and PASI 90 response rates to compare GUS and ADA. Drug costs were obtained from the official price list. The annual cost was calculated using the dosage described in each of the drugs labels. Week 48 PASI 90 response rates for both treatments were derived from the VOYAGE 1 trial. The cost per responder was calculated by dividing the total annual costs for both induction (1st treatment year) and maintenance phases (2nd+ treatment years) by the proportion of patients achieving a PASI 90 response, assuming the same responses for both treatment phases. GUS showed lower overall treatment costs of BRL 47,736 in the induction and maintenance phases compared to ADA. Cost per PASI 90 responder in the induction phase (1st year) was BRL 112,722 for GUS vs. BRL 216,561 for ADA. For the maintenance phase (2nd+ year) the cost per PASI 90 responder was BRL 91,587 for GUS vs. 208,540 for ADA. From the perspective of the Brazilian healthcare system, GUS achieved lower costs per PASI 90 responder compared to ADA for the treatment of moderate to severe PSO.

PBI15 COST PER RESPONDER ANALYSIS OF GUSELKUMAB VS SECUKINUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF MODERATE TO SEVERE PSORIASIS IN THE BRAZILIAN PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Anti-interleukin (IL) therapies have emerged as a major group of treatment for autoimmune diseases. In a head-to-head phase 3 trial, guselkumab (GUS) demonstrated superior long-term response through Week 48 compared to secukinumab (SEC) in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (PsO). We sought to compare the cost per responder of these two therapies in the management of moderate to severe PsO from the perspective of the Brazilian private healthcare system. Costs per responder for GUS and SEC were compared in the 1st year (induction phase) and 2nd+ years (maintenance phase). Costs drug acquisition (following drug label dosage) and were retrieved from the Brazilian official price list. The efficacy analysis was based on the ECLIPSE trial, for which the primary endpoint was PASI 90 response at week 48. Efficacy data only through week 48 are available, and it was assumed that PASI 90 responses were the same for both the induction and maintenance treatment phases. The cost per responder was calculated by dividing the annual costs for each drug by the proportion of patients achieving a PASI 90 response. Overall treatment costs for the two years assessed in the model was BRL 31,113 lower in the GUS arm. The cost per responder result was lower for GUS compared with SEC in both induction and maintenance phases. The cost per PASI 90 response for the induction phase was BRL 101,783 vs. BRL 147,390 and for maintenance phase BRL 82,699 vs. BRL 119,754 for GUS and SEC, respectively. Based on the perspective of Brazilian private healthcare system, GUS demonstrated lower costs per responder compared with SEC for the treatment of moderate to severe PsO.

Official Correction 132: correction of entries concerning Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) on the Official Lists

Official Correction 132: correction of entries concerning Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) on the Official Lists

A Global Comparison of Internationalization Support Characteristics Available on College of Pharmacy Websites

Objective. To compare the information regarding entry-level pharmacy degree programs available on college websites worldwide from the perspective of international students. Methods. Data on pharmacy colleges and schools were extracted from the Official World List of Pharmacy Schools on the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) website. The website of each pharmacy college was accessed and the content was analyzed. A scoring method was created to compare the websites. Results. Of the 1839 pharmacy colleges listed worldwide, 246 had no website. Approximately half of pharmacy colleges with websites did not have a complete English version of their site. Academic information considered important by students, including the course syllabi, admission requirements, program costs, and a faculty directory, was not available on 73%, 44%, 65% and 43% of the websites, respectively. The websites of pharmacy colleges in Oceania, North America, and Europe provided the best information for international students, with these regions scoring an average of 9.2, 8.8, and 6.7, respectively out of 12 points. In comparison, pharmacy colleges in Central Asia and East and Southeast Asia scored an average of only 0.2 and 1.5 points, respectively. Conclusion. There are still a high proportion of global colleges of pharmacy without websites. Also, the quality of pharmacy colleges' websites is unevenly distributed around the world. To fulfill the information needs of international students, pharmacy colleges should provide an English version of the website and include at least a complete syllabus of all the courses, financial information (costs and grants), a complete faculty directory, and all the administrative requirements for application and enrollment.

Kultúrhéroszok vagy hivatalnokok

The 17th book of Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋, compiled by Lü Buwei 呂不韋 inthe 3rd c. B.C., comprises two lists of officials who are credited with initiatingcertain cultural phenomena. In this study, I explore the available informationon these 26 individuals (Da Nao 大橈, Qian Ru 黔如, Rong Cheng 容成, XiHe 羲和, Shang Yi 尚儀, Hou Yi 后益, Hu Cao 胡曹, Yi Yi 夷羿, Zhu Rong祝融, Yi Di 儀狄, Gao Yuan 高元, Yu Xu 虞姁, Bo Yi 伯益, Chi Ji 赤冀, ChengYa 乘雅, Han Ai 寒哀, Wang Hai 王亥, Shi Huang 史皇, Wu Peng 巫彭, WuXian巫咸, Xi Zhong 奚仲, Cang Jie 蒼頡, Houji 后稷, Gao Yao 皋陶, Kunwu昆吾, Gun 鯀), and propose a new interpretation of their presence in this earlysource.

Assessing the Ecological Impact of Ultramarathon Events in Protected Natural Sites: ‘Le Grand Raid Réunion’

Outdoor sport events evidently have an impact on the environment. If they are taking place in naturally protected areas this impact is even greater. By taking ’Le Grand Raid Réunion’, an international ultramarathon annually organized in the heart of an UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, as a case study, this paper concentrates on assessing the ecological impact of an outdoor sports event in a protected natural site. On the basis of datasets taken from official logistics lists and from a survey conducted among all event participants the analysis embraces ecological and carbon event footprinting. Measuring those two indicators allows identifying the specific event-related ecological impacts, including diverse variables caused by the athletes, the spectators, and the related organizational requirements. The results of the study thereby have the ability to strongly influence the future event policy and to function as a model for the assessment of the ecological impact of other outdoor sports events.

A comparative assessment of cancer-related mortality among workers employed at the various stages of pyrometallurgical production of copper

The authors present comparative evaluation of influence caused by complex of carcinogenic work conditions of main stages of copper pyrometallic production on cancer-related mortality of the workers. Findings are that raw copper enrichment, blister copper recovery through reverberative furnace melting and f re refining of blister copper are carcinogenic danger for the workers. Malignancies frequency in the workers appeared to directly depend on occupational exposure to arsenic. The results of the workers’ cancer-related mortality correspond to data of carcinogenic risks evaluation at all stages of metallurgic production of copper. Given the study results, reasonable suggestion is to include raw copper enrichment into official list of occupational processes with carcinogenic danger.

Indigeneity, ethnopolitics, andtaingyinthar: Myanmar and the global Indigenous Peoples’ movement

In Myanmar, the idea of ‘indigeneity’ has been mobilised in two radically different ways. Ethnonationalist groups such as the Chin National Front and the Karen National Union have utilised the concept to lobby for increased autonomy in international forums such as the United Nations, while the Burmese state has used the idea of indigeneity (or native-ness, typically translated astaingyintharin Burmese) to exclude certain minorities — most prominently the Rohingya — by explicitly striking them from the official list of Myanmar's ‘national races’. To clarify how this definitional tension has developed, this article will situate the competing Burmese appeals to indigeneity within the history of international indigeneity politics, and compare the Burmese ‘Indigenous situation’ to other Asian countries that have addressed the question of who counts and does not count as Indigenous.

Squeezing the bears: cornering risk and limits on arbitrage during the ‘British bicycle mania’, 1896–8

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which Victorian investors were short‐sale constrained. While previous research suggests that there were relatively few limits on arbitrage, this article argues that short‐sales of stocks outside the Official List were indirectly constrained by the risk of being cornered. Evidence for this hypothesis comes from three corners in cycle company shares which occurred in 1896–7, two of which resulted in substantial losses for short‐sellers. Legal efforts to retrieve funds lost in a corner were unsuccessful, and the court proceedings reveal a widespread contempt for short‐sellers, or ‘bears’, among the general public. Consistent with the hypothesis that these episodes affected the market, this study's findings show that cycle companies for which cornering risk was greater experienced disproportionately lower returns during a subsequent crash in the market for cycle shares. This evidence suggests that, under certain circumstances, short‐selling shares in Britain prior to 1900 could have been much riskier than previously thought.

Self-reported driving violations as a putative mirror measure of real-world driving quality in individuals with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Sleepiness is recognized as an important risk factor for risky driving and motor vehicle accidents. This study explores whether self-reported driving violations can be used as an accurate assessment of driving risk in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We recruited 29 participants with OSA and 29 age- and biological sex-matched controls, obtained governmental sourced driving records for all participants and administered a monotonous driving simulator task to measure driving performance. We administered the Driving Violations Inventory (DVI) to all participants—a self-report measure that asks participants to record which of the official list of violations were committed. Data from DVI were compared with official driving records and with driving simulator results. Drivers with OSA did not have more registered driving violations than the control group. The overall number of self-reported violations was highly correlated with the driving simulator lateral position variable only for drivers with OSA. There were no significant associations between the number of official driving violations and simulator deviation of the lateral position for either group. Our findings indicate that the DVI is an accessible measure that could mirror some of the risk associated with impaired driving behavior in general, perhaps particularly for individuals with OSA.

Problems of compliance of Russian anti-corruption legislation with international corruption standards

The article analyzes the execution of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and other international regulatory acts in the Russian Federation. It illustrates both the positive dynamics in Russian legislation that indicates the implementation of international legal norms and non-execution or formal execution requirements of the international anti-corruption standards. International experience in fighting against corruption is analyzed. Special attention is given to the norms fixed in the Council of Europe Convention on Civil Liability for Corruption. International legislative experience in fighting against corruption with the help of civil legal means is also studied. The civil legal confiscation as a measure of responsibility for a corruption-related offence is explored. The article offers a comparison of the Russian civil law norms with those contained in international law and civil legislation of other countries. The authors emphasize that the role of the civil legal means in the prevention of corruption are underestimated as corruption has an integrated and systemic nature. Therefore, it must be fought with by systemic measures that are provided for not only in criminal and administrative law, but also in civil law. The authors prove the non-compliance of the norms related to the civil law of the Russian Federation with current international experience in fighting corruption. The article offers recommendations for improving anti-corruption measures. In order to meet the international standards, Russia needs to shorten the list of public officials who are immune from criminal and administrative prosecution as well as to reduce the range of these immunities; to introduce a complete ban on public officials accepting gifts; to join and ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Civil Liability for Corruption; to provide real mechanisms for the confiscation of public officials’ property that does not correspond to their declared income.

World Heritage Craze in China: Universal Discourse, National Culture, and Local Memory by Haiming Yan

Reviewed by: World Heritage Craze in China: Universal Discourse, National Culture, and Local Memory by Haiming Yan Magnus Fiskesjö World Heritage Craze in China: Universal Discourse, National Culture, and Local Memory. Haiming Yan. New York: Berghahn Books, 2018. 242 pp., 20 illustrations, bibliography, index. Hardback US $120.00, ISBN 978-1-78533-804-5; eBook US $35, eISBN 978-1-78533-805-2. This aptly titled book takes on the Chinese obsession with World Heritage (capitals required!). It is an obsession rooted in a worldview that is not pluralistic, but rather like the spirit of a competitive Olympic game in which there can be only one gold medal winner. The Chinese pursuit of this gold medal is a riveting and sometimes disturbing story, well presented by the author, Haiming Yan, in a book nicely produced by the publisher. This book brings a wealth of information and spirited discussion to a wide readership and could readily be considered for courses on heritage issues in Asia and globally. Yan traces Chinese struggles to get potential sites onto the official UNESCO World Heritage list in three dimensions, which he calls the universal agenda, national practices, and local responses. This is not a dry book dealing only with government-devised policies and international convention text-making. From time to time, Yan pays attention to the real people involved and notes both the joy, tears, sadness, and frustrations that mark the people actually engaged in these struggles. In discussing the universal agenda, Yan notes that the pursuit of universality is already thwarted by a tension at the heart of the United Nations' system. The UN sets up the hope of representing the interests and benefits of all humankind, but the UN and UNESCO (in charge of preserving world heritage) are by practical necessity organized through nation-states and thus inevitably get bogged down in nation-state affairs and the scourge of national interests which trump the original idea about the world and humanity as a whole. Chinese national officialdom persistently promotes an almost revanchist "Olympic" conception of China's place in the world. To be an equal neighbor is not enough, China ought to be first among equals. In Yan's formulation, this "nationalistic sensation" drives officials and other would-be patriots to fight in the World Heritage arena, secure win after win, listing after listing. Yan explains that at the same time, a modernizing China shares the Western anxiety about lost authenticity; under the spell of national authenticity, this further adds to the urge to identify heritage in China. The theoretical and historical framing is well done in many ways, not least in chapter 1, which paints a good picture of how Chinese Communists came to recast themselves as custodians of a national Chinese essence. However, Yan lost one kind of theoretical opportunity. It would have been productive to integrate the perspective of world systems theory, which can help us grasp how various types of identities, drives, and crises come and go in cycles. It can help us answer questions like, "Why this, now?" In particular, anthropologists such as Jonathan Friedman (1994, 2006) have shown us how the conditions of the production of identities (including the current obsessive moment in China, which forces everyone to integrate into the same national box) are intimately tied in with these cycles. It seems we are helpless prisoners, ever unable to [End Page 401] realize a world community to which a world or universal heritage might instead belong. If there is one complaint about the historical review, it is that it makes no effort to reach back into Republican China's heritage-making efforts. After the Republicans overthrew the empire, they right away (from 1912 on) got to work on heritage protection and the creation of modern-style heritage in the modern sense, through museumification and legislation and so on. This could be called the "first Chinese modern" and it is an important precursor to the more recent developments, but is absent here (readers could turn to Zhang Liang [2003] for this information, however). At the same time, the book does an excellent job indeed in covering recent decades of heritage policy reformulations in Communist China, traveling "From...

To the Question of Gross Violations of Planned On-site Inspections in the Implementation of State Environmental Supervision in the Field of Atmospheric Air Protection

This article deals with the controversial aspects of the implementation of the state ecological supervision of protection of atmospheric air. The Author focuses on gross violations of inspections: late submission of the inspection report to the inspected person, legality of obtaining results of tests of emissions into atmospheric air outside the inspection period, and the question about the possibility of changes in the list of officials authorized to conduct the inspection during the inspection. The presented scientific article analyzes not only theoretical aspect (normative legal acts), but also practical aspect (judicial practice) on the considered problems. The analysis of the existing normative legal acts and judicial practice allows the Author to formulate conclusions about the possibility of recognizing violations committed by inspectors during on-site inspections as grounds for invalidating the results of the audit. At the conclusion of the article the author formulates the conclusion about the absence of necessary amendments to existing legislation and it is spoken about need of the edition at the level of the Ministry of natural resources and ecology of the Russian Federation of the explanatory provision concerning implementation of the state ecological supervision formulating answers to the considered disputable aspects.