Identification List Research Articles

Identifying Rivals and Rivalries in World Politics

Instead of assuming that all actors are equally likely to clash, and that they do so independently of previous clashes, rivalry analysis can focus on the small number of feuding dyads that cause much of the trouble in the international system. But the value added of this approach will hinge in part on how rivalries are identified. Rivalry dyads are usually identified by satisfying thresholds in the frequency of militarized disputes occurring within some prespecified interval of time. But this approach implies a number of analytical problems including the possibility that rivalry analyses are simply being restricted to a device for distinguishing between states that engage in frequent and infrequent conflict. An alternative approach defines rivalry as a perceptual categorizing process in which actors identify which states are sufficiently threatening competitors to qualify as enemies. A systematic approach to identifying these strategic rivalries is elaborated. The outcome, 174 rivalries in existence between 1816 and 1999 are named and compared to the rivalry identification lists produced by three dispute density approaches. The point of the comparison is not necessarily to assert the superiority of one approach over others as it is to highlight the very real costs and benefits associated with different operational assumptions. The question must also be raised whether all approaches are equally focused on what we customarily mean by rivalries. Moreover, in the absence of a consensus on basic concepts and measures, rivalry findings will be anything but additive even if the subfield continues to be monopolized by largely divergent dispute density approaches.

PathMaster: content-based cell image retrieval using automated feature extraction.

Currently, when cytopathology images are archived, they are typically stored with a limited text-based description of their content. Such a description inherently fails to quantify the properties of an image and refers to an extremely small fraction of its information content. This paper describes a method for automatically indexing images of individual cells and their associated diagnoses by computationally derived cell descriptors. This methodology may serve to better index data contained in digital image databases, thereby enabling cytologists and pathologists to cross-reference cells of unknown etiology or nature. The indexing method, implemented in a program called PathMaster, uses a series of computer-based feature extraction routines. Descriptors of individual cell characteristics generated by these routines are employed as indexes of cell morphology, texture, color, and spatial orientation. The indexing fidelity of the program was tested after populating its database with images of 152 lymphocytes/lymphoma cells captured from lymph node touch preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Images of "unknown" lymphoid cells, previously unprocessed, were then submitted for feature extraction and diagnostic cross-referencing analysis. PathMaster listed the correct diagnosis as its first differential in 94 percent of recognition trials. In the remaining 6 percent of trials, PathMaster listed the correct diagnosis within the first three "differentials." PathMaster is a pilot cell image indexing program/search engine that creates an indexed reference of images. Use of such a reference may provide assistance in the diagnostic/prognostic process by furnishing a prioritized list of possible identifications for a cell of uncertain etiology.

The Montreal-Cambridge-Tololo Survey of Southern Subluminous Blue Stars: The South Galactic Cap

Results for the south Galactic cap region of the Montreal-Cambridge-Tololo survey of blue subluminous stars are presented. This region overlaps the 840 deg2 region studied almost three decades ago by Slettebak & Brundage. We present a list of equatorial coordinates, photographic photometry, and spectroscopic identifications, as well as finding charts, for 188 blue objects [(U-B)pg ≤ -0.6] brighter than Bpg = 16.5 in this area. Completeness of the survey and comparisons with other similar efforts are discussed.

A simple comparison of mass spectral search results and implications for environmental screening analyses

A simple assessment of the ability of environmental laboratories to perform automated library searching procedures on mass spectra of unknown pollutants was conducted. In this assessment, 10 laboratories analyzed a hexane solution containing eight organic chemicals using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and searched their acquired mass spectral data against mass spectral reference libraries. The search results were used to evaluate the similarity of the lists of tentative identifications (TIDs) among the laboratories and to compare the observed searching success to the searching success reported in the literature using high-quality mass spectral data. A high degree of similarity was observed among the lists of TIDs reported by the laboratories for each chemical. The searching success observed in this study was slightly lower than that reported in the literature based on higher-quality mass spectral data. This simple comparison suggests that laboratories performing routine environmental analyses can successfully perform automated searching procedures for unknown sample components, and that the mass spectral searching component of analytical methods designed to screen for unknown organic pollutants should be successful, i.e., obtain similar and reproducible results among laboratories.

High resolution spectroscopy of the post-red supergiant IRC+10420

A high resolution optical spectrum of the post-red supergiant candidate IRC+10420 is presented. The Utrecht Echelle Spectrograph observations, with a total integration time of more than 9 hours! provide a spectral coverage front 3850 Angstrom to 1 mu m, and a spectral resolution of 9 km s(-1). The spectrum is shown, and an identification list of lines in the spectrum is provided. From a preliminary analysis of the spectrum we find that the spectral type of IRC+10420 has changed from F8I(+) in 1973 to mid- to early A type now, confirming the results of Oudmaijer et al. (1996), who claimed a change in temperature based on photometric changes. It is shown that most of the emission lines in the spectrum of IRC+10420 are blue-shifted with respect to the systemic velocity traced by circumstellar rotational CO emission. while the (few) absorption lines - with the exception of some high excitation lines are red-shifted by 25 km s(-1), which may suggest infall of material onto the star. Finally, it is found that the interstellar extinction towards IRC+10420 as traced by the Diffuse Interstellar Bands is very large, with an inferred E(B-V) of 1.4 +/- 0.5 compared to a total E(B-V) of 2.4.

Optical Identification Strategies for the Molonglo Cluster Survey

AbstractWe describe a newly refined procedure for making optical identifications of radio sources in Abell cluster fields observed with the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST). The method is based on past experience but uses a range of new tools to improve the reliability and production rate of identification lists. The COSMOS/UKST Southern Sky Object Catalogue was used to make preliminary identifications which were then inspected visually with the assistance of computer generated overlays of the MOST images and the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS). The overlaid images were essential for securing identifications for the extended sources prevalent among nearby clusters.We find 21±1·5% of the radio sources are identified with galaxies and 4·6±0·7% with QSO candidates in a sample of 927 radio sources in 27 cluster fields. We make a preliminary attempt to separate cluster radio galaxies from interlopers on the basis of absolute magnitudes. A strong concentration of radio galaxies was found at projected distances less than 100 kpc from the cluster centres and a weaker concentration for projected distances of 100–500 kpc.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ATOMIC LINE IDENTIFICATION LISTS V. JUNE 1995 SUPPLEMENT

ABSTRACT Additional references are presented for the bibliography of atomic line identification lists by Adelman and Snijders and its three supplements by Adelman.

Cochlear versus Retrocochlear Presbyacusis

This study reviews audiologic findings on cases of hearing-impaired elderly adults who were matched on the basis of peripheral hearing loss and who were divided into cochlear and retrocochlear groups on the basis of auditory brain stem response (ABR) test results. ABR test results were compared to other audiologic test results that included: (1) word-recognition scores and performance-intensity functions of phonetically balanced word lists; and (2) performance-intensity functions of Synthetic Sentence Identification lists with ipsilateral competing messages. The results of this study indicate that the retrocochlear group performed less favorably than the cochlear group on speech measures known to be sensitive to a retrocochlear site of disorder. This study further emphasizes the complexity of presbyacusis by demonstrating that peripheral hearing loss, alone, cannot account for the totality of the auditory problems that are encountered by elderly listeners.

The far UV spectrum of the O4I(n)f star ? Puppis

A detailed list of line identifications of the far UV spectrum of the O4I(n)f star ζ Puppis (HD 66811) in the wavelength range λλ1168–1984 A recorded on 16 April, 1981 with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) is presented. The detailed analysis of the radial velocities measured in the same wavelength range is also presented.

The far UV spectrum of the O4V ((f)) star 9 Sagittarii

A detailed list of line identifications of the far UV spectrum of the O4V((f)) star 9 Sagittarii (HD 164794) in the wavelength range λλ1174-2000 A is presented. The identification is based on two spectra recorded in 1981 (on 16 April—SWP 13729 and on 24 August—SWP 14805) by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). In the list many unclassified lines are included. The radial velocities of all lines, classified and unclassified, are measured for both spectra and the mean velocities for different ions are discussed.

Sipuncula from the Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Bay

Sipunculans collected during the operations of ‘Balgim’ Survey of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (PIROCEAN), are recorded and data concerning them noted. The specimens come from the Alboran Sea, Straits of Gibraltar and Ibero-Moroccan Bay and from depths ranging from 115 to 2110m. Twenty-four species (plus four additional species identified incompletely) in eight genera are recognized; five of them, Nephasoma confusum, N. lilljeborgi, N. rimicola, Phascolion caupo and Aspidosiphon zinni, were not recorded hitherto from the investigated area. Not included in the identification list are several small, immature or problematical specimens, which were not assigned to any of the known species. Classification and ordination techniques indicate a close funal relationship between vertically similar stations, showing three major groups. The first one with Aspidosiphon muelleri as characteristic species, is common of shallower bottoms; the second one, with N. constrictum as characteristic species, ...

The UV spectrum of the Be star 88 Herculis

In this paper, we give a detailed list and analysis of line identifications of the UV spectrum of the Be star 88 Her in the wavelength range λλ1958–3002 A recorded in 1984, 23 May with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE). The spectrum is crowded by shell absorptions lines, mostly those of singly ionized iron peak elements. The detailed analysis of the radial velocities measured in the whole spectral range 1100–3002 A is also given.

A Catalogue of QSOs and Link Stars for the HST link of the Hipparcos Reference Frame

AbstractWe present a list of bright (< 17 mag) southern QSOs and bright (< 11 mag) stars that may be suitable for theHubble Space Telescopelink between theHipparcosastrometric reference frame and the VLBI extragalactic frame. The QSOs have been selected from various lists of radio objects and identifications. The stars have been selected from the Strasbourg (CDS) data base and from the Preliminary Second Cape Photographic Catalogue, and supplemented with stars measured from the SERC IIIa-J Schmidt survey. The list of QSOs and stars have been included in theHipparcosandHSTschedule of observations.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ATOMIC-LINE IDENTIFICATION LISTS. IV. JANUARY 1989 SUPPLEMENT

ABSTRACT New references are listed for the bibliography of atomic line identification lists by Adelman and Snijders and its two supplements by Adelman.

The ultraviolet spectrum of Beta Lyrae

The high-resolution UV spectrum of Beta Lyrae observed with the IUE satellite between 1980 and 1986 is analyzed. A complete list of line identifications for the entire spectral range of the IUE (1225-3125 A) is presented. The main spectral features are P Cygni profiles of resonance lines of high ionization states typical of stellar winds, some of which are combined with a broad emission feature due probably to an accretion disk; P Cygni profiles due to moderately ionized atoms in the iron group (mostly Fe III and Ni III); and absorption lines of elements in lower ionization stages, such as S II, Si II (higher multiplets), Ni II, and a large number of Fe II lines.

Seizure Disorders in Children

This book is well planned and clearly presented for all clinicians who care for children with seizures. There are three sections—the diagnosis of seizures, the use of antiepileptic drugs, and specific seizure problems in childhood. A 41-page appendix containing practical information, such as drug availability and suppliers, a list of pharmaceutical firms and pertinent addresses, and a very helpful illustrated product identification list, is included. One appendix, listing comprehensive epilepsy centers in the United States is no longer current. The first section describes the pertinent issues of diagnosis and lists which diagnostic tests are available, required, and cost-effective. Current classification and descriptions of seizures, common and uncommon epileptic syndromes, and nonconvulsive states are also discussed and illustrated with the use of tables. In the second section, the authors discuss the initiation and chronic administration of antiepileptic drugs, which drugs are available, potential drug interactions, and the clinical use of pharmacokinetics.

Script-based cues in identification

We describe here four experiments which deal with the contrast between two methods of investigating memory for prior episodes: perceptual identification and recognition. This work extends earlier models of word identification following word lists and single sentences to identification and recognition of words following processing of naturally occurring discourse. In experiment 1 subjects read five passages containing typical and atypical actions within an everyday script; subjects were tested immediately for recognition of words selected from typical and atypical actions. Discriminability was better for atypical words that had been seen than for typical words. In experiment 2 identification of the same words exposed for brief duration was required. Words related to both typical and atypical events were identified equally well and both more accurately than new unrelated words. In experiment 3 typical, atypical, and unrelated words were interspersed in the identification list with words related to actions directly inferrable from typical and atypical events in the stories, but which never appeared in the story. Typical words were identified more accurately than atypical words. However, inferrable words which related to typical events were recognised at an equal level with atypical old words, and all inferrable words were superior to unrelated words. A similar pattern obtained in the correct response times for the different groups of words. In experiment 4 subjects identified the five categories of words above: (a) when only a title but no story had been provided, and (b) when neither title nor story was provided. No differences in perceptual accuracy were found in either condition. These results support models of word identification in which both featural and temporal-contextual elements of an item play a part in both perception and recognition.

The Spectrum of Phosphorus VI to XIII between 22 and 92 Å

The spectra of a laser-produce-plasma and a theta-pinch plasma were recorded with a grazing incidence spectrograph. Comparison of these spectra enabled the tabulation of a comprehensive list of wavelengths and identifications of phosphorus VI to XIII emission lines between 22 and 92 Å. This incorporates a review of H. A. Robinson's unpublished work and gathers together recent publications in a critical compilation. Hartree-Fock-Relativistic computations of wavelengths and oscillator strengths aided the analysis.

An ultraviolet line list for O star spectra

Archival high dispersion UV spectra obtained by the IUE satellite, together with laboratory data for the Fe peak ions, reveal more than 550 identifiable spectral features in the far-UV region in the cases of the O subdwarfs BD +75 deg 325 and BD +28 deg 4211, as well as the sharp lined main sequence star HD 46202. The wide range of effective temperatures of the selected stars makes this spectral line identification list suitable for use with all stars of spectral type O. The most numerous of the features identified are those of the lines attributed to iron atoms, with each of the spectra studied exhibiting three levels of ionization that range from Fe III to Fe V for the coolest O star, HD 46202, and Fe IV through Fe VI for the hottest O star, BD +28 4211.

A line identification list for the solar flare of 7 September, 1973 in the wavelength range 1335 �?380 �

A wavelength list is presented for the solar flare of 7 September, 1973 in the spectral range 1335 A–380 A. The ions observed suggest a range of temperatures in the flare plasma from 8 × 103 K to 107 K. This wavelength range contains many of the important electron density diagnostics lines for the solar transition zone and corona. The line list should also be of potential use in the identification and comparison with stellar spectra.