List Of Items Research Articles

A critical evaluation of psilocybin-assisted therapy protocol components from clinical trial patients, facilitators, and caregivers.

Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) is an experimental treatment with transformative promise. Developing standards for PAT psychotherapy protocols is a priority, but psychotherapeutic protocol components of PAT have been subjected to little rigorous research. This study was designed to assess protocol components in a trial of PAT. The Enhanced Critical Incident Technique (E-CIT) was used to identify critical incidents in the treatment, wish list items comprising components or modifications that would have improved the treatment experience, and contributing factors that influenced the treatment. Participants included patients (n = 10), facilitators (n = 7 licensed mental health clinicians and certified spiritual health clinicians), and caregivers (n = 7) in an open-label trial investigating PAT for cancer-related demoralization and chronic pain. Patients and caregivers were interviewed after their last treatment session in the trial; facilitators were interviewed at the end of the entire trial. Rapid qualitative analysis identified specific domains for improvement in the treatment protocol based on the E-CIT. Critical incidents, wish list items, and contributing factors pertained to aspects of the therapy (e.g., importance of intention-setting) and the overall protocol (e.g., navigating transitions in the treatment). Findings indicate the importance of tailoring PAT to accommodate the medical history and needs of this population, support common factors, and ensure collaborative care. Recommendations across nine topic areas were derived from the data and presented in the Discussion. The E-CIT shows promise for advancing early stage research on PAT components. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The equivalent value (EV)-based workload assessment of primary healthcare workers in Beijing, China

BackgroundQuantitative methods for estimating the workload of primary healthcare (PHC) workers are essential for improving the performance of PHC institutions. However, measuring the workload of PHC workers is challenging due to the diverse and complex range of services covered by PHC. This study aims to use an equivalent value (EV)-based approach to assess the workload of PHC workers and inform policymakers about the current workload burden in Beijing, China.MethodsThe EV-based workload assessment system was designed by three main steps: identifying the list of essential PHC service items provided by PHC workers, quantifying the EV of each service item, and calculating the corresponding workload for PHC workers and community health centers (CHCs). The study included 18 CHCs, which were divided into three groups based on population density and topography: Group I (eight urban CHCs), Group II (six CHCs in semi-mountainous areas), and Group III (four CHCs in mountainous areas). Data were collected from local health information system, which automatically collected real-time service volume data for 500 PHC service items at 18 CHCs in the sample district in Beijing from 2017 to 2021.ResultsThis study identified 503 essential PHC service items and defined their EVs. The theoretical full-capacity workload per PHC worker was 6024 EVs, serving as the base workload. The actual annual workload per PHC worker was 7240.0 EVs during 2017–2021. The base workload per budgeted position for the three types of CHCs was 6468.6 EVs for Group I, 5268.5 EVs for Group II, and 5038.7 EVs for Group III. Compared with the actual workload of 7702.3 EVs, 6568.3 EVs, and 5979.0 EVs in each group, respectively, all PHC workers in the sample district were overburdened during the study period.ConclusionsThe EV-based method provides a feasible solution for comprehensively assessing the workload of publicly funded PHC institutions in other regions. This study offers valuable insights to help local policymakers understand the workload burden of PHC workers, objectively evaluate their performance, and guide future health workforce planning.

Methodological review to develop a list of bias items for adaptive clinical trials: Protocol and rationale.

Randomized-clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold-standard for comparing health care interventions, but can be limited by early termination, feasibility issues, and prolonged time to trial reporting. Adaptive clinical trials (ACTs), which are defined by pre-planned modifications and analyses that occur after starting patient recruitment, are gaining popularity as they can streamline trial design and time to reporting. As adaptive methodologies continue to be adopted by researchers, it will be critical to develop a risk of bias tool that evaluates the unique methodological features of ACTs so that their quality can be improved and standardized for the future. In our proposed methodological review, we will develop a list of risk of bias items and concepts, so that a risk of bias tool specific to ACTs can be developed. We will perform a systematic database search to capture studies that have proposed or reviewed items pertaining to methodological risk, bias, and/or quality in ACTs. We will perform a comprehensive search of citation databases, such as Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science, in addition to multiple grey literature sources to capture published and unpublished literature related to studies evaluating the methodological quality of ACTs. We will also search methodological registries for any risk of bias tools for ACTs. All screening and review stages will be performed in duplicate with a third senior author serving as arbitrator for any discrepancies. For all studies of methodological quality and risk of bias, we will extract all pertinent bias items, concepts, and/or tools. We will combine conceptually similar items in a descriptive manner and classify them as referring to bias or to other aspects of methodological quality, such as reporting. We will plan to generate pertinent risk of bias items to generate a candidate tool that will undergo further refinement, testing, and validation in future development stages. This review does not require ethics approval as human subjects are not involved. As mentioned previously, this study is the first step in developing a tool to evaluate the risk of bias and methodological quality of ACTs. The findings of this review will inform a Delphi study and the development of a risk of bias tool for ACTs. We plan on publishing this review in a peer-reviewed journal and to present these findings at international scientific conferences.

Towards a framework of menu research: insights from the multiple level perspective and signaling theory

PurposeThis study conducts a systematic review of research on restaurant menus and uses a detailed analytical framework to examine how these menus are developed. It incorporates insights from the multi-level perspective (MLP) and signaling theory (ST) to provide a thorough and nuanced analysis of the factors that influence menu design.Design/methodology/approachThis study scrutinizes 120 peer-reviewed articles published from 2004 to 2023 at A or A* journals, as classified by the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC). Following a comprehensive analytical framework, it endeavors to delve into the intricate complexities of menu research, giving particular emphasis to the latest trends and developments. Two tools, namely CiteSpace and VOSviewer, were utilized to perform a thorough bibliometric analysis of the publications.FindingsThis study explores menu design from macro, meso and micro perspectives, illustrating that menus are more than simple lists of food items. Instead, they are shaped by societal norms, values, market dynamics, industry standards and consumer preferences. It underscores the vital role of menu as a communication and management tool in engaging consumers and influencing their dining choices and decisions.Originality/valueThis study represents the pioneering effort to incorporate the MLP and ST into the realm of menu research, providing a novel approach to the systematic review of related literature. It offers a distinctive macro-level theoretical perspective on menu dynamics, providing insights that are relevant to industry professionals, policymakers, academics and the public.

A Systematic Scoping Review of Essential Methodological Elements for Developing a Tool to Improve the Reporting of Consensus Studies in Classification, Diagnostic Criteria, and Guidelines Development.

A consensus is a general agreement among group members that is pivotal in gathering expert input for classification, diagnostic criteria, and guideline development. However, the absence of established methodological standards presents challenges in conducting and analyzing these studies. This scoping review explored the evidence on essential elements in consensus studies to create a list of candidate items for a standardized reporting tool. This tool is intended to improve the critical appraisal and methodological rigor of consensus studies. A systematic scoping review was conducted using predetermined criteria for study selecting studies and extracting data. A comprehensive literature search was performed without imposing date restrictions, covering multiple databases, including Medline, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, and up to March 2022. We included only English-language publications and excluded incomplete articles and conference reports. The risk of bias was assessed using the CASP checklist, and the study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers in duplicate. We identified 8360 references; 20 publications were included for data extraction. The majority (70%) used the Delphi method, and the remainder (30%) employed the modified Delphi method. Inconsistencies in reporting conflicts of interest and consensus timing were observed. Other methodologies, such as RAND/UCLA and Nominal Group Technique were excluded due to methodological limitations. Most studies exhibited a low risk of bias. Our findings underscored the need for more standardization in definitions, methodology, and reporting within consensus studies. To address these gaps, we developed a checklist of key reporting items aimed at improving the planning, execution, and reporting consensus studies. Although the developed checklist requires validation, it offers a practical framework to enhance methodological transparency and reliability. Deficiencies and variability in consensus methodologies reporting underscore the need for a standardized approach. We propose the adoption of a checklist to strengthen the robustness of consensus studies, supporting advances in classification, diagnostic criteria, and guideline development.

Similar phonemes create interference in the serial recall task

ABSTRACT The mechanisms underlying forgetting have been central to theorising about verbal short-term and working memory, and the importance of interference as opposed to decay continues to be vigorously debated. Here, we present two experiments to evaluate the nature and locus of phonological interference as a source of forgetting in serial recall. In these experiments, we replicate studies showing that repetition of phonemes across items impairs recall of the later list item, even with visual presentation and typed recall. In addition, we manipulate the degree of phonemic overlap between a target word and preceding words in the list, and demonstrate that consonants that are only similar, as opposed to identical, to each other can interfere with the recall of other list items. Taken together, the experiments suggest that the primary factor driving phonological interference is the similarity of the articulatory features of the phonemes.

Measuring professionals' attitudes toward persistent somatic symptoms: Development, validation, and reliability of the professionals' Attitude to Persistent Somatic Symptoms Questionnaire (PAPSS)

ObjectiveThe healthcare professional's attitude toward persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) seems to play an important role in access to and quality of care for patients with PSS. To encourage research on PSS attitude, we developed and validated the Professionals' Attitude to Persistent Somatic Symptoms Questionnaire (PAPSS). MethodsA list of items was developed through theory and a focus group with PSS experts, with response categories on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. These items were then validated through a sample (N = 411) consisting of medical specialists, general practitioners, and psychologists. Subscales of the PAPSS were constructed using repeated factor analyses and reliability analyses. ResultsExploratory factor analyses resulted in a 15-item questionnaire with four subscales: “Perceived burden” and “Affinity” showed good reliability rates; “Perceived professional competence” and “Openness to patient-centered care” had questionable reliability rates. In general, psychologists had the most pronounced scores on subscales compared to medical specialists and general practitioners. InnovationThe PAPSS is the first questionnaire for exploring the role of the professional's attitude toward PSS; it offers opportunities for further research on the influence of attitude on treatment of PSS. ConclusionsThe PAPPS is a relatively short questionnaire that can be used in both quantitative research and clinical care. However, it requires further research on psychometric qualities, including the validation of the translated versions of this questionnaire.

How to Best Measure Academic Dishonesty in Students

Abstract: Addressing a pervasive problem in educational institutions, investigations into academic dishonesty by students have produced a vast body of empirical research, mostly based on self-report measures. However, the literature repeatedly points to inconsistencies in assessment methods and unclear measurement quality. We conducted a preregistered systematic review to compare and evaluate self-report assessments (including past cheating behavior and cheating intentions). Of 256 instruments in 231 studies, 70% were unique self-report measures and 38.7% of studies did not investigate or report psychometric quality criteria. As such, the academic dishonesty literature is no exception in questionable measurement practices, where reports often lack key measurement information, such as the full item list (missing in 32%) or the time frames for behavioral assessment (missing in 50.4%). Our findings illustrate the threat to interpretability and comparability due to a lack of psychometric understanding and inconsistent measurement approaches. Contrary to aiming at a unified measure, we propose a focus on best practices in measurement construction and reporting to address diverse contexts, populations, and research questions. To guide future research, we provide a selection of psychometrically validated scales, recommendations for analysis, operationalization, and reporting, and discuss methodological considerations to enhance the psychometric foundation of academic dishonesty research.

Neural Context Reinstatement of Recurring Events.

Episodic recollection involves retrieving context information bound to specific events. However, autobiographical memory largely comprises recurrent, similar experiences that become integrated into joint representations. In the current study, we extracted a neural signature of temporal context from scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether recalling a recurring event accompanies the reinstatement of one or multiple instances of its occurrence. We asked 52 young adults to study and recall lists of words that included both once-presented and repeated items. Participants recalled repeated items in association with neighboring list items from each occurrence, but with stronger clustering around the repetition's initial occurrence. Furthermore, multivariate spectral EEG analyses revealed that neural activity from just prior to the recall of these words resembled patterns of activity observed near the item's first occurrence, but not its second. Together, these results suggest that the initial occurrence of an event carries stronger temporal context associations than later repetitions.

Multi-centre modified Delphi exercise to identify candidate items for classifying early-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

To generate a list of candidate items potentially useful for discriminating individuals with Early-stage Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis (EsSKOA) from those with other conditions and from established osteoarthritis (OA), and to reduce this list based on expert consensus. We conducted a three-round online international modified Delphi exercise with OA clinicians and researchers ("OA experts"). In Round 1, participants reviewed 84 candidate items and nominated additional item(s) potentially useful for EsSKOA classification; those nominated by ≥3 participants were added. In Round 2, participants rated perceived usefulness of 108 items (1 [not at all useful] to 9 [extremely useful]). In Round 3, participants could revise their ratings after reviewing Round 2 group median and quartiles. Following Round 3, we retained items with a median usefulness score >5 and ≥33.3% of participants categorised the item as useful (7 to 9), overall and in subgroup analysis by clinician field. There were 128 participants in Round 1 and 113 (88%) completed all rounds. We retained 77 items that spanned multiple domains (demographics, symptoms, physical exam, performance-based measures, imaging, laboratory investigations, and gross inspection/arthroscopy). Highly rated items included (median usefulness score): prior knee joint injury (8), diagnosis of OA in a different joint (7), and activity-related knee pain (7). The interquartile range was most often 3. We identified 77 items that OA experts consider potentially useful for EsSKOA classification. The results highlight experts' uncertainty around item usefulness. Next, candidate items will be further assessed and reduced using data-driven and multicriteria decision analysis methods.

A Delphi Study on the Management of Female Infertility by Homeopaths in South Africa.

Infertility affects millions of people worldwide and has a negative social and psychological impact on the lives of infertile couples. Homeopathy offers an alternative treatment option for female infertility; however, there is currently no research describing how homeopaths manage this condition in their practice. To determine homeopathic practitioners' approaches to managing female infertility. The electronic Delphi technique consisting of three rounds was used to establish consensus among homeopaths. Twelve registered homeopaths with a minimum of 5 years of clinical experience in managing female infertility participated, 11 of whom completed the study. In round one, participants elaborated on interventions found beneficial in clinical practice for female infertility. Responses were qualitatively analysed to create a structured list of items; participants rated their level of agreement with these items on a 5-point Likert scale in the second and third rounds. Consensus was determined for items that reached an agreement level of 75% or more. Thirty-two statements achieved expert consensus, which were placed into the following categories: homeopathic treatment, dietary and lifestyle modifications, supplementation and referrals. The results of this study provide a baseline depicting the homeopathic approach to treating female infertility. Several research gaps have been identified and further studies are necessary to explore these interventions to improve future patient care. This study highlights the various approaches used by homeopathic practitioners in the management of female infertility.

Fostering Shared Decision-Making Between Patients and Health Care Professionals in Clinical Practice Guidelines: Protocol for a Project to Develop and Test a Tool for Guideline Developers.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are designed to assist health care professionals in medical decision-making, but they often lack effective integration of shared decision-making (SDM) principles to reflect patient values and preferences, particularly in the context of preference-sensitive CPG recommendations. To address this shortcoming and foster SDM through CPGs, the integration of patient decision aids (PDAs) into CPGs has been proposed as an important strategy. However, methods for systematically identifying and prioritizing CPG recommendations relevant to SDM and related decision support tools are currently lacking. The aim of the project is to develop (1) a tool for systematically identifying and prioritizing CPG recommendations for which SDM is considered particularly relevant and (2) a platform for PDAs to support practical SDM implementation. The project consists of 6 work packages (WPs). It is embedded in the German health care context but has an international focus. In WP 1, we will conduct a scoping review in bibliographic databases and gray literature sources to identify methods used to foster SDM via PDAs in the context of CPGs. In WP 2, we will conduct semistructured interviews with CPG experts to better understand the concepts of preference sensitivity and identify strategies for fostering SDM through CPGs. WP 3, a modified Delphi study including surveys and focus groups with SDM experts, aims to define and operationalize preference sensitivity. Based on the results of the Delphi study, we will develop a methodology for prioritizing key questions in CPGs. In WP 4, the tool will be developed. A list of relevant items to identify CPG recommendations for which SDM is most relevant will be created, tested, and iteratively refined, accompanied by the development of a user manual. In WP 5, a platform for creating and digitizing German-language PDAs will be developed to support the practical application of SDM during clinical encounters. WP 6 will conclude the project by testing the tool with newly developed and revised CPGs. The Brandenburg Medical School Ethics Committee approved the project (165122023-ANF). An international multidisciplinary advisory board is involved to guide the tool development on CPGs and SDM. Patient partners are involved throughout the project, considering the essential role of the patient perspective in SDM. As of February 20, 2024, we are currently assessing literature references to determine eligibility for inclusion in the scoping review (WP 1). We expect the project to be completed by December 31, 2026. The tool will enable CPG developers to systematically incorporate aspects of SDM into CPG development, thereby providing guideline-based support for the patient-practitioner interaction. Together, the tool for CPGs and the platform for PDAs will create a systematic link between CPGs, SDM, and PDAs, which may facilitate SDM in clinical practice. DERR1-10.2196/57611.

TIDieR-WASH: A Guideline for Reporting Implementation of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions.

Accurate information on context and implementation of public health interventions is necessary to replicate, adapt, and scale effective interventions and to interpret evaluations. Reporting the context and implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions has been inconsistent and incomplete. To improve the reporting of WASH interventions, we developed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication for WASH (TIDieR-WASH) checklist and guide, by adapting and expanding the original TIDieR guide. We performed a scoping review of existing implementation reporting guidelines, and of current implementation reporting in WASH evaluations, to develop a list of candidate items to include in this checklist. We then used a 4-stages of review by international experts to reach consensus. The resulting 14-item checklist comprises: a) name, b) theory of change, c) prior evidence, d) location and setting, e) context, f) suitability, g) implementers, h) recipients, i) targeting, j) activities, k) intervention dose, l) fidelity, m) costs, and n) materials. Definitions, explanations, examples, and instructions for use are reported in this article. The checklist can be applied to all types of evaluations of WASH interventions, including direct service provision, behavior change, and systems strengthening interventions. We deliberately developed this guidance document to be accessible and relevant to practitioners and researchers. Adoption of this checklist will support transparent reporting of WASH implementation for research and practice. As with other sectors that have used TIDieR checklists, clear implementation reporting can assist with evidence synthesis, adaptation, and policy guidance. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14780.

Standard establishment and item list for conducting and reporting rapid review in traditional Chinese medicine

This study aims to establish the standard items for conducting and reporting rapid review(RR) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and promote the RR transparency in TCM. First, the basic standard items of conducting and reporting RR were reviewed, on the basis of which the basic RR implementation methods and steps were summarized. The initial item pool of RR implementation and reporting standards in TCM was established with the Delphi method. According to the identified items, two rounds of expert consultation were carried out. In the first round of expert consultation, experts judged the importance of each item in the RR implementation and reporting process and gave the corresponding weight score. According to the results in the first round of expert consultation, the relevant items were modified for the second round of expert consultation, in which experts were invited to score the importance of each item with consideration to the results from the first round. According to the results from preliminary research and expert consultation, the standard for conducting and reporting RR in TCM was formed. After two rounds of consultation, 12 first-level items and 24 second-level items were included. These items involved need positioning and working group establishment, research problem summarization, protocol formulation, literature retrieval, research screening, data extraction, methodological quality evaluation or risk of bias assessment, evidence organization, evidence assessment and grading, research report writing, RR product dissemination, post-effect evaluation and other fields. This study established the standard for conducting and reporting RR in TCM, which can be used as a reference for the RR methodology in TCM and provide evidence support for decision makers.

CARD-SARC: mixed-method study to develop a disease-specific health-related quality of life tool for cardiac sarcoidosis

Abstract Introduction Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory condition caused by the formation of lumps (granulomas) of abnormal tissue in any organ, and can affect physical, functional, mental, social and economic aspects of life. People living with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are likely to have worse clinical outcomes and greater impairment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than other sarcoidosis manifestations. HRQoL is the main concern for people living with sarcoidosis. However, measuring HRQoL in people with CS is difficult as existing tools focus on other forms of sarcoidosis (for example, lung, eye or skin involvement) or for specific cardiac symptoms (for example, atrial fibrillation, angina or heart failure), but not specifically for CS. Purpose To develop a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (CARD-SARC) to assess the impact of CS on HRQoL. Methods A sequential exploratory mixed-method, multicentre observational cohort study using a clinimetric approach was conducted. The McMaster Framework for evaluative instruments involved three steps (item selection, item scaling and item reduction) which were complemented with recommendations from the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN). The item-generation process connected data from quantitative (theory, research findings and systematic review) and qualitative components (qualitative semistructured interviews, clinical observations and experts’ opinion). A simultaneous triangulation (QUAN+qual) method was followed to ensure a comprehensive list of preliminary items. The formatting of items was guided by patient and public involvement (PPI) with a 2-weeks recall period. The item reduction strategy was led by PPI and an international multidisciplinary clinical CS-experts. Results 740 potential items were generated by converging all the different sources and techniques. After removal of duplicates and simultaneous triangulation, a preliminary list with 111 items was reviewed by the CS-expert panel with 26 members (including 11 pulmonologists, 7 cardiologists, 5 CS-patients and 3 specialist-nurses). After a consensus meeting, the CARD-SARC included 61 relevant items in six sections for pilot-testing: "functioning", "social, leisure and occupation", "emotional", psychological", "physical" and "healthcare/self-care". Conclusions This study combined a robust methodology with active PPI engagement to develop the first disease-specific HRQoL tool for CS. Each data source was planned independently, however the input from PPI members was critical during the simultaneous triangulation for item-generation. The contributions of CS-experts (members of the PPI group and clinical multidisciplinary experts) enhanced the content validity of the CARD-SARC. The CARD-SARC has the potential to influence clinical management and treatment options, future research and health-economic stakeholders’ decisions for CS.

Development and Validation of the Emergency Medical Technicians Occupational Stress Scale

Introduction. The population of interested workers for this study included Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) in the United States. This group of workers was chosen because of the nature of their work, which requires their presence at the scenes of life and death situations. Certainly, their work conditions can have an effect on their psychological well-being. Yet, the work of these workers, with all of its stressors, has not been adequately studied through the use of appropriate measuring instruments. Emergency Medical Technicians are not unknown in occupational stress research. This report discusses previous studies on EMT workers and occupational stressors and explains the curative process through the development and validation of an EMT Occupational Stress Scale. The report also highlights the psychometric investigation of this scale. Paramedics/EMTs face increased risk of physical and psychological stress due to the nature of their work. It is crucial to understand the stressors affecting their well-being in order to develop appropriate management strategies. Research suggests that EMTs may lack preparation for their roles, requiring additional training in empathy and emotional intelligence. The relationship between stressors experienced and clinical service provided needs further investigation. Standardized measures of stress for paramedics/EMTs are lacking and more comprehensive instruments are needed. This report aims to develop a comprehensive stress scale specifically for EMTs/paramedics, addressing validation concerns and incorporating environmental stress within a larger theoretical framework. Methods. This study was This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach to develop and validate the Emergency Medical Technicians Occupational Stress Scale. The scale was pilot tested with a sample of EMTs to ensure reliability and validity. by the ethics committee and is based on a literature review. The Canadian EMT Job Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to measure organizational stress levels of EMTs. The questionnaire was reviewed by professionals and academics, resulting in the inclusion of five new items. The final item list consisted of 58 questions. Permission was obtained. Results. The outcomes and findings obtained from the comprehensive study conducted on the Development and Validation of the Emergency Medical Technicians Occupational Stress Scale have shed light on significant discoveries pertaining to the intricate realm of stress levels experienced by our dedicated EMT professionals. Conclusion. The rapidly evolving scope of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) practice has placed increasing demands on the relatively small professional community that consists of EMTs and paramedics. An Occupational Stress model was developed to examine interpersonal work stressors unique to the EMT role, and a measure was developed to assess the construct. Initial results suggest that the OSM is an accurate, reliable, and potentially valuable assessment tool. High levels of interpersonal stress may influence the EMTs to cope with their daily activities by seeking outlets for tension and depression through increased use of alcohol, legal drugs, and caffeine. Alcohol is used more frequently than other legal drugs are to modify interpersonal stress symptoms. The EMTs are in a prime position to help each other identify these symptoms when arising and offer assistance. Staff stress management programs are essential in solving and preventing occupational stress. A move toward prevention rather than reaction to such stress, which for many results in alcoholism, drug addiction, or job related emotional illness, will serve to preserve the health of the EMTs. The medical community has a vested interest in the health of these dedicated professionals. Not only does such prevention attempt to manage the human tragedy of alcoholism, legal drug addiction, and job related emotional illness, but it also prevents the more tangible, but no less important cost factors to the EMT.

Development, Validation, and Faking-Resistance of an Implicit Measure of Psychopathy in the Workplace

ABSTRACT Researchers have called for faking-resistant measures of psychopathic personality that can be self-administered in high-stakes contexts (e.g. hiring). We developed and validated an implicit measure of psychopathy contextualized in workplace situations. We first detail how the measure is framed, conceptualized, and rooted in psychopathy literature. We then describe the item development process, and Study 1 involves expert review and refining the item list. In Study 2 (N = 396), we examine internal consistency and factor structure for a 22-item version of the measure. In Study 3 (N = 251), we demonstrate test-retest reliability, construct-related validity, and provide initial evidence for criterion-related validity through a two-wave study. Study 4 analyzes the measure using item response theory, based on a sample of 6,746 job seekers, demonstrating effectiveness for measuring high levels of psychopathy. In Study 5 (N = 219) we provide evidence of faking-resistance and criterion-related validity with behavioral (two weeks later) and self-report (one year later) outcomes. Finally, Study 6 provides promising evidence of incremental validity using an organizational sample (N = 615). Overall, scores on this new implicit measure are reliable, with acceptable construct-related, criterion-related, and incremental validity, while also being faking-resistant. Implications for use in workplace settings are discussed.

Bilingual Viewer: A bilingual text generation tool

This article describes the website BilingualViewer.com; it discusses the technologies used to build it and the engineering challenges that were encountered. BilingualViewer.Com is an open and free application that uses web technologies to create Bilingual versions of articles and books. The website can be saved onto the homepage of a smartphone and used like an App (for reading and converting newspaper articles on the fly), in addition to being opened on a computer's browser to process intensive tasks such as whole book translations. The website will henceforth be referred to as the app. Bilingual text refers here to a piece of writing where sentences in two different languages are presented sequentially, one sentence in the language to be learned followed by the user's primary language. Bilingual texts are particularly useful for students who rely heavily on dictionaries when reading books and newspaper articles.The app helps to create bilingual texts from almost any electronic content. A key feature from a copyright point of view is that the content is generated and stored locally on the device (unless added to an online library). Where a subscription is required to access newspaper content, the app generates a bilingual text article and stores it locally, so that the restricted content does not leave the device (i.e., it does not appear in any cloud server other than Google or Apple translation servers). There is a large features list including switching on and off languages, getting the device to read out loud, saving a list of items on the device along with the currently read position, sending content to an eBook, merging articles and more. A library of pre-translated books is provided in the app with the option of augmenting this with the user’s own on-line content. The app is available at https://www.bilingualviewer.com/ Documentation on the app can be found at hhtps://bv-fc.netlify.app/about/

An mHealth App to Support Caregivers in the Medical Management of Their Child With Cancer: Beta Stage Usability Study.

Previous research demonstrated that caregivers of children with cancer desired a mobile health (mHealth) tool to aid them in the medical management of their child. Prototyping and alpha testing of the Cope 360 app (Commissioning Agents, Inc) resulted in improvements in the ability to track symptoms, manage medications, and prepare for urgent medical needs. This study aims to engage caregivers of children with cancer in beta testing of a smartphone app for the medical management of children with cancer, assess acceptance, identify caregivers' perceptions and areas for improvement, and validate the app's design concepts and use cases. In this pilot, study caregivers of children with cancer used the Cope 360 mHealth app for 1 week, with the goal of daily logging. Demographics and a technology acceptance survey were obtained from each participant. Recorded semistructured interviews were transcribed and analyzed iteratively using NVivo (version 12, QSR International) and analyzed for information on usage, perceptions, and suggestions for improvement. A total of 10 caregivers participated in beta testing, primarily women (n=8, 80%), married, with some college education, and non-Hispanic White (n=10, 100%). The majority of participants (n=7, 70%) had children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who were being treated with chemotherapy only (n=8, 80%). Overall, participants had a favorable opinion of Cope 360. Almost all participants (n=9, 90%) believed that using the app would improve their ability to manage their child's medical needs at home. All participants reported that Cope 360 was easy to use, and most would use the app if given the opportunity (n=8, 80%). These values indicate that the app had a high perceived ease of use with well-perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use. Key topics for improvement were identified including items that were within the scope of change and others that were added to a future wish list. Changes that were made based on caregiver feedback included tracking or editing all oral and subcutaneous medications and the ability to change the time of a symptom tracked or medication administered if unable to do so immediately. Wish list items included adding a notes section, monitoring skin changes, weight and nutrition tracking, and mental health tracking. The Cope 360 app was well received by caregivers of children with cancer. Our validation testing suggests that the Cope 360 app is ready for testing in a randomized controlled trial to assess outcome improvements.

Preventing occupational injuries in the informal construction industry: a study protocol for the development of a safety education intervention for bricklayers and carpenters in Osun State, Nigeria.

Occupational injuries are a growing public health problem. Approximately 1,000 workers die daily from occupational injuries globally. Artisans working in the informal sector of the construction industry in many low/middle income countries like Nigeria have a higher injury predisposition. This study will assess the determinants of occupational injuries and design a safety intervention for informal sector artisans in the Nigerian construction industry. A sequential mixed-methods design will be employed to study 840 bricklayers and carpenters (420 per artisan group) in Osun State, Nigeria. Quantitative data will be collected first while qualitative data will be collected thereafter. Thirdly, a modified Delphi-technique will be employed to co-design a safety education intervention. For the quantitative study, artisans will be recruited via multi-stage sampling and a semi-structured questionnaire will be administered to obtain information on artisans' socio-demographics, work-patterns and occupational injuries. A multivariable regression model will be used to determine the association between injury occurrence and independent variables. Twelve to sixteen focus group discussion (FGD) sessions will be conducted for artisans to obtain group perspectives about injuries and preferred safety training topics. From the FGD and quantitative study findings, a list of items for the safety training module will be compiled for the modified-Delphi process. Thereafter, the content validation index (CVI) will be derived and items with CVI of ≥0.80 will be included in the final safety training module. This paper describes the process required to assess the determinants of occupational injuries among artisans in the informal sector of the construction industry in Nigeria and further proposes the design of a context-relevant safety training intervention. The information from this study will be essential in promoting safe working environments for construction artisans.