List Of Files Research Articles

TERS v2.0: An improved version of TERS

TERS v2.0: An improved version of TERS

Dual “motion-frozen heart” combining respiration and contraction compensation in clinical myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging

ObjectivesThis article assesses the effect of a new correction technique (“motion-frozen heart”) which compensates for the previously described nonuniform blurring of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) due to respiration motion or cardiac contraction. MethodsRespiratory and ECG-gated one-day 99mTc-MIBI MPI studies performed in 48 patients were evaluated. MPI scans were acquired on a gamma camera supporting list-mode functionality synchronized with an external respiratory strap and an ECG device. Respiratory and cardiac-gated bins were generated using the acquired list file. Respiratory-gated bins were corrected for respiratory motion, followed by correction for cardiac contraction motion. In addition, cardiac contraction correction was applied to cardiac-gated bins uncorrected for respiratory motion. Bullseye maps were generated for uncorrected MPI studies, as well as following correction for respiratory motion, cardiac contraction, and both. The mean difference between each of the correction vs the uncorrected bullseye was calculated. Visual assessment of image quality, severity, and extent of the uncorrected perfusion images and following each of the corrections was performed. ResultsAverage motion due respiration was 7.0 ± 2.6 mm in the axial plane. The maximal score difference in segmental uptake greater than 10% was found in 2%, 15%, and 25% following respiratory correction, contraction correction, and dual corrections, respectively. Percent of scans classified with an excellent image quality was 13%, 21%, 42%, and 52% for the uncorrected images and following respiratory correction, contraction correction, and dual corrections, respectively. ConclusionsA technique that compensates for motion of the heart due to respiration and cardiac contraction in MPI-SPECT was evaluated. Compensating for both respiration and cardiac contraction had the greatest effect on perfusion images resulting in significantly improved image quality.

The Impact on National Death Index Ascertainment of Limiting Submissions to Social Security Administration Death Master File Matches in Epidemiologic Studies of Mortality

Although many epidemiologists use the National Death Index (NDI) as the "gold standard" for ascertainment of US mortality, high search costs per year and per subject for large cohorts warrant consideration of less costly alternatives. In this study, for 1995-2001 deaths, the authors compared matches of a random sample of 11,968 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study subjects to the Social Security Administration's Death Master File (DMF) and commercial list updates (CLU) with matches of those subjects to the NDI. They examined how varying the lower limits of estimated DMF match probabilities (m scores of 0.60, 0.20, and 0.05) altered the benefits and costs of mortality ascertainment. Observed DMF/CLU ascertainment of NDI-identified decedents increased from 89.8% to 95.1% as m decreased from 0.60 (stringent) to 0.20 (less stringent) and increased further to 96.4% as m decreased to 0.05 (least stringent). At these same cutpoints, the false-match probability increased from 0.4% of the sample to 0.6% and then 2.3%. Limiting NDI cause-of-death searches to subjects found in DMF searches using less stringent match criteria, further supplemented by CLU vital status updates, improves vital status assessment while increasing substantially the cost-effectiveness of ascertaining mortality in large prospective cohort studies.

Creating a more productive, clutter-free, paperless office: a primer on scanning, storage and searching of PDF documents on personal computers

Creating a more productive, clutter-free, paperless office: a primer on scanning, storage and searching of PDF documents on personal computers

Transborder Lives: Indigenous Oaxacans in Mexico, California, and Oregon by Lynn Stephen

lateryears of the nineteenth and early twen tieth centuries. The last volumes published were those for Wisconsin Territory, which was admitted to statehood in 1848. This left the papers of thegreatmajority of territories west of the Mississippi unedited and unpublished. Scholars wishing to examine thepapers of, for example, Oregon Territory, stillneed to go to theNational Archives or order copies from the Archives.Microfilm versions of the territorial papers are also available. In 1989, NARA launched the seriesofwhich thisvolume isa part, intending ittobe a "con tinuation" of theTerritorialPapers project (p. xv). Italso builds on previous guides, lists,and preliminary inventories. This series consists of guides to records of federal agencies rather than edited versions of the records themselves. Volumes that have appeared thus far cover records of theDepartments of State, Justice, Agriculture, and Interior. The publication reviewedhere isone of three"sections"pertain ing to Interior records. The two volumes are devoted toRecord Group 49, the recordsof the General Land Office, theprincipal predecessor of theBureau ofLandManagement. The other two sections deal with thefilesof theOffice of theSecretaryof the Interiorand theCommis sioner of Railroads and "Select Agencies" of thedepartment. The "Territorial Period" as defined here spans the years from the Louisiana Purchase to the admission ofArizona and New Mexico to statehood. The records of a particular ter ritorydescribed extend to 1912and, inmany cases, beyond ? even though most of the territorieshad achieved statehood by the end of thenineteenth century.This guide includes therecordsofAlaska Territorybut not thoseof the territoriesofHawaii and Puerto Rico and other overseas possessions. The firstvolume describes the records by activity rather than by territoryand state. We find, for example, descriptions of "Records Concerning Boundary Surveys," "Records Relating toMilitary Bounty Land Warrants," and "General Records Relating toPrivate Land Claims." Figures are given showing thephysical extentof thevarious series,such as thenumber of linearfeet. The first volume concludes with a useful "Glossary of Public Land Terms." The second volume contains lists"intended to acquaint theusers of thisguidewith a quick introduction to thekinds of records available to researchers interested in the activities of theGeneral Land Office in a particular State or Territory" (p. 1).The volume consists of six appendixes, the first two being "File Lists, by State, of Selected Series ofRecords," and "Sur veyorsGeneral of Public Lands States West of the Mississippi River." Both volumes, for themost part, treat records found atNational Archives facilities in the Washington, D.C., area. The justifica tion given fornot including those atNAR?s regional branches is that records there are mostly duplicates of, or similar to, those in the Washington area. Nevertheless, research ers should check tomake certain theyare not overlooking something.The regional branches hold a good many unique treasures. This guide offers users of the archives a great, painstakingly compiled research tool. The editor and his staff deserve the thanks of all scholars using theNARA system. Michael J.Brodhead U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers,Virginia TRANSBORDER UVES: INDIGENOUS OAXACANS IN MEXICO, CALIFORNIA, ANDOREGON byLynnStephen Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, 2007. Illustrations, photographs, maps, tables, notes, bibliography, index. 397 pages. $23.95 paper. The increased scholarly attention to diaspora, circularmigration, and transnationalism has illuminated excitingways to consider social Reviews 495 change. Ithas also underscored the importance of examining the mechanics of domination in discursive practices,modes ofmarket integra tion,and the mutations of statepower atdiffer ent spatial and temporal scales. Lynn Stephen's Transborder Lives productively engages these terms through "collaborative activist ethno graphic research" to investigate the displace ment, dispersal, and circulation of Zapotee and Mixtee Indigenous communities of the Mexican state of Oaxaca to rural and urban sites inCalifornia and Oregon (p. 321). This work ispropelled by its simultaneity and geographic scope, which can be seen in statements such as: "In order tohavemultisited communities, we must have multisited histo ries" (p. 66). Through the ethnographic infor mation sheprovides about Zapotee andMixtee communities, Stephen argues that transnation alism appears tobe a subset ofwhat she refers to as a more complex transborder experience. She argues that international migration, through the lens of transnationalism, misses different types of crossings that indigenous migrants encounter. For her, the experiences ofZapotee andMixtee migrations suggest"the borders they cross are ethnic, class, cultural, colonial, and state borders within Mexico as well as at...

Micro Electro-mechanical System Design Tool with Flexible Design Flows

One Micro electro-mechanical system(MEMS)design tool with flexible design flows is presented,which makes it possible that the MEMS designers are able to choose the most suitable design flow for their specific devices.The maximal flexibility in choosing the design flow meets the requirements of various MEMS devices and improves the current structured design method which emphasizes one unified top-down design flow.The design tool is divided into three levels and interconnected by six interfaces. The three levels are lumped-element model based system level,finite element analysis based device level and process level,which covers nearly all modeling and simulation functions for MEMS design.The six interfaces are proposed to automatically transmit the design data between every two levels,thus the maximal six design flows can be realized.The interfaces take the net list,solid model and layout file in standard format as the data inlet and outlet for the system,device and process level respectively.The realization of these interfaces are presented and verified by design examples,which also proves that the enough flexibility in the design flow can really increase the design efficiency.

Whistle for music: using melody transcription and approximate string matching for content-based query over a MIDI database

In this paper, we present a "Whistle for Music" system which enables users to retrieve MIDI format music by whistling a melodic fragment. Three essential components are query processing, MIDI preprocessing and an approximate search engine. For query processing, we have achieved a real-time and robust whistle-to-MIDI converter. For feature extraction, the proposed MIDI preprocessing can extract individual, local and global melodic descriptions from MIDI files. In order to match query with target, we extend an existing search engine into a fast approximate melodic matching engine. Based on the integration of those three components, the system can return a list of MIDI files that are ranked by how closely they match the whistling. The systematic evaluation for the query-by-whistling system is finally performed. The results show that careful measurement and objective comparisons can lead us to know the scaling trend about query and target. One encouraging aspect is that the performance can be predicted based on the evaluation methods.

InSilicoSpectro: An Open-Source Proteomics Library

We present a new proteomics open-source project, InSilicoSpectro, aimed at implementing recurrent computations that are necessary for proteomics data analysis. Illustrative examples are mass list file format conversions, protein sequence digestion, theoretical peptide and fragment mass computations, graphical display, matching with experimental data, isoelectric point estimation, and peptide retention time prediction. The project library is written in Perl, a widely used scripting language in bioinformatics, and it offers a unique framework of integrated objects to implement complex proteomics data analyses. For instance, only a few lines of code are required to digest a protein with fixed and variable modifications, label peptides with 18O, compute the fragmentation spectra and display their match with experimental spectra. We believe that InSilicoSpectro will be of great help to bioinformaticians, without detailed knowledge of proteomics specifics, and to mass spectrometrists with computer programming interest as well.

Insect Conservation under the Endangered Species Act

ABSTRACT While the rate of extinction is the same for insects and other animals, insects are underrepresented in the Fish and Wildlife Service's list of threatened or endangered species. Insect conservationists have argued that the Endangered Species Act and the Fish and Wildlife Service are biased against insects, despite the importance of insects in our lives. The reality, however, is that there is only minimal bias inherent in the provisions of the Endangered Species Act or in regulations promulgated by the Fish and Wildlife Service. The main cause of the low number of insect species listed under the Endangered Species Act is a lack of qualified biologists to file and review listing petitions. Until sufficient information about insect conservation is available, petitioners could use surrogate species to protect threatened or endangered insect species. I. INTRODUCTION II. PROTECTION OF THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES A. The Problem of Extinction B. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 1. Purposes of the ESA 2. Statutory Protections 3. What Is an Endangered or Threatened Species? III. THE LISTING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON INSECT CONSERVATION A. The Petition B. The Review 1. Listing Criteria 2. Listing Priority Guidelines 3. Best Scientific and Commercial Data Available IV. IMPROVING INSECT CONSERVATION A. Increased Scientific Knowledge B. Ecological Significance as a Listing Priority Criterion C. Surrogate Species V. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION Most people are oblivious to the indispensable role insects play in our lives. The disappearance of insects would mean the loss of a vital food source without which most reptiles, mammals, amphibians, and birds would die. (1) Flowering plants, which cover most of the land surface, would be unable to survive without insects facilitating their reproduction and providing favorable soil conditions. (2) The surface of the earth would be covered with dead vegetation and animals, and would sustain only wind-pollinated plants and very little animal life. (3) Humans would not last more than a couple of months in an insect-less environment? Insects also provide valuable services for free. A recent study has valued the ecological services insects provide within the United States at $57 billion. (5) The study focused on services provided by wild native insects in the areas of dung burial, pest control, pollination, and wildlife nutrition. (6) Dung burial services provided by a single species, dung beetles, are valued at $380 million. (7) Insect parasites and predators provide $4.5 billion worth of pest control services for our crops. (8) Insect pollinators, mostly bees, are responsible for approximately $3.07 billion of American crops. (9) Wildlife nutrition provided by insects resulted in $49.93 billion worth of hunting, fishing, and bird watching. (10) While these figures are significant, they vastly underestimate the economic value of insects for human society. (11) Insects are also the undisputed winners of the game of survival in the history of this planet. The first insects appeared approximately 400 million years ago and since then have managed to inhabit almost all land and aquatic habitats, and have acquired flight. (12) Today, insect species greatly outnumber all other animal species and make up over half of all organisms identified by man. (13) Another five to eight million more insect species are thought to exist, but have not been discovered or identified. (14) Careful bioprospecting (15) of this incredible insect biodiversity could yield valuable genetic and chemical raw materials that could be used to create new transgenic strains of plants and animals or the next round of cutting-edge pharmaceuticals. (16) Yet insect biodiversity faces the same ecological threats as all other biodiversity. …

Hungarian Art and Music in Canada

Hungarian-Canadian artists and musicians have shown distinguished accomplishments in the various disciplines. In the arts they have been honoured amongst the nation's very best in painting, sculpting, engraving, printmaking, etching, as well as in industrial graphics, photography, drawing and, above all, coin design. My bibliography, Canadian Studies on Hungarians (2nd vol., 1995) includes 87 citations and biographical summaries pertaining to 23 artists practicing in Canada on a professional basis. The reference book entitled Professional Hungarian Artists Outside Hungary, by Erno Gyimesy Kasas and Laszlo Konnyű (1977), introduces information on 48 Hungarian-Canadian artists. My own selection was based on the availability of literature on each individual artist published in the English and French languages, including the monumental Arts in Canada: A Union List of Artists' Files / Artists au Canada… (1988), the two-volume Art and Architecture in Canada (1991), and the seven-volume A Dictionary of Canadian ...

Working with Unix Tools

Line-oriented textual data streams are the lowest useful common denominator for a lot of data that passes through our hands. We can use such streams to represent program source code, Web server log data, version control history, file lists, symbol tables, archive contents, error messages, profiling data, and so on. For many routine, everyday tasks, we might be tempted to process the data using a "Swiss army knife" scripting language such as Perl, Python, or Ruby. However, doing that often requires writing a small, self-contained program and saving it into a file. By that point, we've lost interest in the task and end up doing the work manually, if at all. Often, it's more effective to combine Unix tool chest programs into a short and sweet pipeline that we can run from our shell's command prompt. With modern shell command-line editing facilities, we can build our command bit by bit, until it molds into exactly the form that suits us. Nowadays, many different systems--including GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows--offer the original Unix tools, so there's no reason to not add this approach to your arsenal. Many one-liners that you'll build around the Unix tools follow a pattern that goes roughly like this: fetching, selection, processing, and summarization. You'll also need to install some plumbing to unify these parts. This column will give you a quick overview.

Inorganic structure prediction withGRINSP

A new computer program is described,GRINSP(geometrically restrained inorganic structure prediction), which allows the exploration of the possibilities of occurrence of 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-connected three-dimensional networks. Hypothetical (as well as known structure) models for binary compounds are produced with exclusive connection of polyhedra by corners, such as [MX3] triangles inM2X3formulation, [MX4] tetrahedra inMX2(zeolites or dense SiO2polymorphs), [MX5] polyhedra inM2X5, and finally [MX6] octahedra inMX3polymorphs. Moreover, hypothetical ternary compounds are built up by combinations of either two different polyhedra or two different radii for two different cations adopting the same coordination. The cost function is based on the agreement of the model interatomic distances with ideal distances provided by the user. The Monte Carlo algorithm first finds structure candidates selected after the verification of the expected geometry, and then optimizes the cell parameters and the atomic coordinates. A satellite software (GRINS) uses the predicted models and produces the characteristics of isostructural compounds which would be obtained by cationic substitutions. A huge list of CIF files of hypothetical boron oxide polymorphs (including nanotubes), zeolites, aluminium and 3d-element fluorides, fluoroaluminates, borosilicates, titanosilicates, gallophosphatesetc., is freely available at the PCOD (Predicted Crystallography Open Database).

On the distribution of the search cost for the move-to-front rule with random weights

Consider a countable list of files updated according to the move-to-front rule. Files have independent random weights, which are used to construct request probabilities. Exact and asymptotic formulae for the Laplace transform of the stationary search cost are given for i.i.d. weights. Similar expressions are derived for the first two moments. Some results are extended to the case of independent weights.

On the distribution of the search cost for the move-to-front rule with random weights

Consider a countable list of files updated according to the move-to-front rule. Files have independent random weights, which are used to construct request probabilities. Exact and asymptotic formulae for the Laplace transform of the stationary search cost are given for i.i.d. weights. Similar expressions are derived for the first two moments. Some results are extended to the case of independent weights.

A program for generating configuration state lists in many-electron atoms

This program written in FORTRAN is aimed at generating configuration state list of the set of complex atomic configurations. The program generates a list of configuration states obtained by taking into account many additional constraints of different types for minimizing the orders of matrices, as proposed in [Bogdanovich et al., Comput. Phys. Comm. 143 (2002) 174]. The generated list file complies with the requirements of codes [Hibbert et al., Comput. Phys. Comm. 64 (1991) 455; Fischer et al., Comput. Phys. Comm. 64 (1991) 486] and other related programs. Program summary Title of program: ATOTERM Catalogue identifier: ADTM Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADTM Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: None Computers: Any computer with a FORTRAN 77 compiler Operating systems under which the program has been tested: Linux Programming language used: FORTRAN 77 Memory required to execute with typical data: 2 MB No. of lines in distributed program, including text data, etc.: 2368 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15 446 Distribution format: tar gzip file Keywords: Complex atom, configuration interaction, configuration state, LS-coupling Nature of physical problem: Generating the list of configuration states with taking into account multiple additional constraints of different types. Method of solution: Building the configuration state list for the set of the given configurations with further selection of necessary configuration states by applying a set of restrictions on each configuration. Restrictions onto the complexity of the problem: For atomic configurations containing any electron shells with l⩽3; momenta of the electron shells with l>3 and N⩽2 is restricted by L max=6. The number of the active shells can not exceed seven. Unusual features of the program: Possibility to select configuration states. Typical running time: Seconds to minutes. Depends on the size of the problem: of the order of a few seconds for simple configurations to minutes for a large set of very complex admixed configurations with f-electron shells.

STRUCLA: a WWW meta-server for protein structure comparison and evolutionary classification

Evolutionary relationships of proteins have long been derived from the alignment of protein sequences. But from the view of function, most restraints of evolutionary divergence operate at the level of tertiary structure. It has been demonstrated that quantitative measures of dissimilarity in families of structurally similar proteins can be applied to the construction of trees from a comparison of their three-dimensional structures. However, no convenient tool is publicly available to carry out such analyses. We developed STRUCLA (STRUcture CLAssification), a WWW tool for generation of trees based on evolutionary distances inferred from protein structures according to various methods. The server takes as an input a list of PDB files or the initial alignment of protein coordinates provided by the user (for instance exported from SWISS PDB VIEWER). The user specifies the distance cutoff and selects the distance measures. The server returns series of unrooted trees in the NEXUS format and corresponding distance matrices, as well as a consensus tree. The results can be used as an alternative and a complement to a fixed hierarchy of current protein structure databases. It can complement sequence-based phylogenetic analysis in the 'twilight zone of homology', where amino acid sequences are too diverged to provide reliable relationships.

Old English constructions with multiple predicates. By Ohkado Masayuki. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo, 2001. Pp. x, 229. Paper with CD-ROM. ¥7,400.00

This book describes the word order in sentences with a modal and a main verb, with an auxiliary and a present participle, and with an auxiliary and a past participle. The term MULTIPLE PREDICATE is defined as a construction “involving two predicates, one finite and the other non-finite” (1). The data mainly come from Ælfric's Catholic Homilies and the CD contains a list of files with the example sentences from the book. It is not clear (e.g., page 8) whether the author transcribed the text himself or used the Old English Dictionary e-text of the homilies (from page 44, it appears that he used the latter, since he uses other texts from that project).

Data mining the protein data bank: residue interactions.

The protein databank contains a vast wealth of structural and functional information. The analysis of this macromolecular information has been the subject of considerable work in order to advance knowledge beyond the collection of molecular coordinates. This article presents a method that determines local structural information within proteins using mathematical data mining techniques. The mine program described returns many known configurations of residues such as the catalytic triad, metal binding sites and the N-linked glycosylation site; as well as many other multiple residue interactions not previously categorized. Because mathematical constructs are used as targets, this method can identify new information not previously known, and also provide unbiased results of typical structure and their expected deviations. Because the results are defined mathematically, they cannot indicate the biological implications of the results. Therefore two support programs are described that provide insight into the biological context for the mine results. The first allows a weighted RMSD search between a template set of coordinates and a list of PDB files, and the second allows the labeling of a protein with the template results from mining to aid in the classification of this protein.

An evaluation of standard retrieval algorithms and a binary neural approach

In this paper we evaluate a selection of data retrieval algorithms for storage efficiency, retrieval speed and partial matching capabilities using a large Information Retrieval dataset. We evaluate standard data structures, for example inverted file lists and hash tables, but also a novel binary neural network that incorporates: single-epoch training, superimposed coding and associative matching in a binary matrix data structure. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. From our evaluation, the novel neural network approach is superior with respect to training speed and partial match retrieval time. From the results, we make recommendations for the appropriate usage of the novel neural approach.

Using GeoTIFF images to create flexible radar compositing software

The use of the GeoTIFF georeferenced image format allows the creation of a new level of radar compositing software. This image format contains all the information necessary to convert between geographic coordinates, map projection coordinates and image pixel coordinates. In addition a GeoTIFF software library is freely available which already contains all the software necessary to perform the required coordinate system transformations. Several programs are also provided with the library that simplifies the creation of GeoTIFF map images.A radar compositing software system has been written utilizing GeoTIFF images for the map underlay. The beauty of the system is that the area and scale of coverage can be easily changed. New radars can be added to the system simply by adding them to a text file listing of the radars to be displayed.