Li's Work Research Articles

The Chu Silk Manuscripts from Zidanku, Changsha (Hunan Province). Volume 1: Discovery and Transmission

The Chu Silk Manuscripts from Zidanku, Changsha (Hunan Province). Volume 1: Discovery and Transmission

A new vapor-liquid-asphaltene three-phase equilibrium computation algorithm based on the free-asphaltene assumption

Asphaltene precipitation is one of the major flow-assurance problems in petroleum engineering and can occur at different stages of oil production due to pressure/temperature changes or compositional changes. It can cause formation damage in the reservoir and choking of oil tubing in the wellbore, thus leading to the reduction of production rates. Accurately predicting under what conditions asphaltene precipitation is a prerequisite to the effective mitigation of the flow assurance problems related to asphaltene precipitation. In this work, a new three-phase vapor-liquid-asphaltene precipitation algorithm is developed based on Li and Li's work (Li and Li, 2019) using the free-asphaltene assumption, in which the asphaltene phase is considered as a liquid phase that only contains asphaltene component (Nascimento et al., 2018). The algorithm is validated by comparing the calculation results with the asphaltene precipitation data of five different oil samples. The tuned parameters for oil sample 3 and oil sample 4 are then used to predict asphaltene precipitation with different gas injections. The calculation results agree well with the experimental data. It indicates that the three-phase VLA equilibrium calculation algorithm can make reliable predictions of the PT and Px phase diagrams with different gas injections as well as the asphaltene precipitation amount. The calculation results yielded by the free-asphaltene assumption are also compared with the results yielded by the solid assumption and the liquid assumption. The algorithm developed using the free-asphaltene assumption is shown to be able to perform slightly better than the algorithm developed using the solid assumption, and perform as well as the algorithm developed using the liquid assumption.

Journeys to the West: Travelogues and Discursive Power in the Making of the Mongol Empire

Abstract Before the Mongol conquest in 1279, numerous envoys were sent from the Southern Song court to its neighboring states. Their purpose was to evaluate and tame foreign territories and alien peoples and thereby reduce their threat to Song culture, and the travelogues resulting from these journeys were often “utilitarian” in style. The Record of the Perfected Master Changchun's Journey to the West (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji 長春真人西遊記), however, deserves special attention for its nuanced handling of a complex cultural-political power dynamics. Its compiler, Li Zhichang, was a leader in the Quanzhen sect, and his travelogue documents the journey of his master, Qiu Chuji, at the invitation of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan. Li's text illustrates the tension of competing political and cultural authorities: while the Mongols were becoming the source of political authority, the Taoists still owned the discursive power. The author argues that Li deliberately adopted a narrative strategy that conceded the Mongol claim to political legitimacy while simultaneously asserting Taoism's cultural dominance over the Mongols. The article also juxtaposes Li's work with the travel record by Yelü Chucai, a Khitan adviser to the Mongols who traveled with Chinggis Khan during his western military expeditions. Although Yelü's travelogue is often read as a rebuttal to Li Zhichang's work, a closer look reveals how Yelü appropriated Li's strategy for his own agenda: to justify Mongols' invasion of Central Asia while highlighting the cultural values shared between the Mongols and the Han Chinese. Both works employ rhetorical strategies that laid the foundation for political discourse affirming the Mongol-Yuan dynastic legitimacy.

Kazdan–Warner equation on graph in the negative case

Let G=(V,E) be a connected finite graph. In this short paper, we reinvestigate the Kazdan–Warner equationΔu=c−heu with c<0 on G, where h defined on V is a known function. Grigor'yan, Lin and Yang [3] showed that if the Kazdan–Warner equation has a solution, then h‾, the average value of h, is negative. Conversely, if h‾<0, then there exists a number c−(h)<0, such that the Kazdan–Warner equation is solvable for every 0>c>c−(h) and it is not solvable for c<c−(h). Moreover, if h≤0 and h≢0, then c−(h)=−∞. Inspired by Chen and Li's work [1], we ask naturally: In this paper, we answer the question affirmatively. We show that if c−(h)=−∞, then h≤0 and h≢0. Moreover, if c−(h)>−∞, then there exists at least one solution to the Kazdan–Warner equation with c=c−(h).

Li Deyu (787–850): Religion Und Politik in Der Tang-Zeit by Michael Höckelmann

Reviewed by: Li Deyu (787–850): Religion Und Politik in Der Tang-Zeit by Michael Höckelmann Tineke D'Haeseleer (bio) Michael Höckelmann. Li Deyu (787–850): Religion Und Politik in Der Tang-Zeit. Studies in Oriental Religions, vol. 70. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2016. 297 pp. Paperback €68.00, isbn 978-3-447-10503-3. Li Deyu was one of the most prominent public figures of ninth-century Tang China, but his literary output has been neglected for too long, argues Michael Höckelmann in this welcome new study of a key political figure of the Tang. But the overarching theme of the book, as the reader can glean from the title, is not Li's literary work per se, but how we can fruitfully explore it to deepen our understanding of religion in the Tang (618–907) and its relation to the political sphere. The author also sets himself the task of using those findings to break open the concept of religion itself, to create a broader, more inclusive definition which will allow in the future a more genuine comparative study of cultures through the field of religion. This large and complex issue is raised in the Introduction (chapter 1) and resumed in chapter 7 with an examination of connections between the terms "Religion, State and Orthodoxy." Together these two chapters bookend the philological heart of the study: thorough, full-length translations of prose texts from Li's oeuvre, presented side by side with the Chinese text, and organized thematically rather than chronologically. A "summary commentary" (Überblickskommentar,p. 23) accompanying each text guides the reader through the complex topics, while copious and detailed footnotes re-create for a modern reader as closely as possible the intertextual reading experience of Li Deyu's contemporaries. Together with its comprehensive treatment of the theoretical background, and the wide range of primary sources and recent scholarship used, this detailed approach to the texts places this book firmly in the tradition of German sinological scholarship. The "Religious Biography" in chapter 2 is a refreshing new approach to what otherwise threatens to become a nianpu-style enumeration of facts in an [End Page 260] introductory biography. Here Höckelmann provides the necessary background on Li Deyu's personal and official life to see if it is possible to differentiate between the public and private religious practices of a late Tang scholar-official, using only Li's prose works. The themes touched upon in this chapter also foreground the more detailed exploration in the subsequent chapters, for instance Li's strong stance against specialists in esoteric knowledge (fangshi) and licentious cults, the suppression of Buddhism in 845, and the issue of fate. Already at this early stage, the author deflates the expectations of those who hope to uncover with ease Li's views on religion using the writer's own prose oeuvre. With the exception of the two epitaphs for his wife and concubine, the other texts were all part of a specific genre with specific demands. They do not contain personal reflections on the nature of human relations with the extrahuman area (außermenschlichen Bereich), a key aspect of Höckelmann's working definition of religion (p. 223). Even the possibility that Li addresses the soul of the deceased directly in the epitaphs could then be interpreted as a perfunctory gesture demanded by the genre, although Höckelmann leaves open the possibility that here we can catch a glimpse of Li's inner life after all. The persecution of foreign faiths in 845 forms an important part of chapter 3, and the book in general. Li Deyu was, as chief minister of emperor Wuzong at the time of the persecution, closely involved with policy making, and through association Li has often been labeled as anti-Buddhist. Höckelmann treads carefully on this issue, attempts to separate popular perception of the event from what we can actually glean from the sources, and offers new insights by broadening the scope of enquiry. Buddhism was the most visible of the various foreign faiths targeted in the edict of 845, but by linking the persecution to the foreign policy and events of the time, Höckelmann shows that...

Gradient estimates and entropy formulae of porous medium and fast diffusion equations for the Witten Laplacian

We consider gradient estimates to positive solutions of porous medium equations and fast diffusion equations: $$u_t=\Delta_\phi(u^p)$$ associated with the Witten Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds. Under the assumption that the $m$-dimensional Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature is bounded from below, we obtain gradient estimates which generalize the results in [20] and [13]. Moreover, inspired by X. -D. Li's work in [19] we also study the entropy formulae introduced in [20] for porous medium equations and fast diffusion equations associated with the Witten Laplacian. We prove monotonicity theorems for such entropy formulae on compact Riemannian manifolds with non-negative $m$-dimensional Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature

Dynamic error spectrum for estimation performance evaluation: a case study on interacting multiple model algorithm

The commonly used root-mean-square error for estimation performance evaluation is easily dominated by large error terms. So many new alternative absolute metrics have been provided in X. R. Li's work. However, each of these metrics only reflects one narrow aspect of estimation performance, respectively. A comprehensive measure, error spectrum, was presented aggregating all these incomprehensive measures. However, when being applied to dynamic systems, this measure will have three dimensions over the total time span, which is not intuitive and difficult to be analysed. To overcome its drawbacks, a new metric, dynamic error spectrum (DES), is proposed in this study to extend the error spectrum measure to dynamic systems. Three forms under different application backgrounds are given, one of which is balanced taking into account both good and bad behaviour of an estimator and so can provide more impartial evaluation results. It can be applied to a variety of dynamic systems directly. Then the challenge in performance evaluation of the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm is considered, and the IMM algorithm is chosen as the testing case to illustrate the superiority of the DES metric. The simulation results validate its utility and effectiveness.

Multicast Performance With Hierarchical Cooperation

It has been shown in a previous version of this paper that hierarchical cooperation achieves a linear throughput scaling for unicast traffic, which is due to the advantage of long-range concurrent transmissions and the technique of distributed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO). In this paper, we investigate the scaling law for multicast traffic with hierarchical cooperation, where each of the n nodes communicates with k randomly chosen destination nodes. Specifically, we propose a new class of scheduling policies for multicast traffic. By utilizing the hierarchical cooperative MIMO transmission, our new policies can obtain an aggregate throughput of Ω(( [( n)/( k)])1-e) for any e >; 0. This achieves a gain of nearly √{[( n)/( k)]} compared to the noncooperative scheme in Li 's work (Proc. ACM MobiCom, 2007, pp. 266-277). Among all four cooperative strategies proposed in our paper, one is superior in terms of the three performance metrics: throughput, delay, and energy consumption. Two factors contribute to the optimal performance: multihop MIMO transmission and converge-based scheduling. Compared to the single-hop MIMO transmission strategy, the multihop strategy achieves a throughput gain of ( [( n)/( k)])[(h-1)/( h(2h-1))] and meanwhile reduces the energy consumption by k[( α-2)/ 2] times approximately, where h >; 1 is the number of the hierarchical layers, and α >; 2 is the path-loss exponent. Moreover, to schedule the traffic with the converge multicast instead of the pure multicast strategy, we can dramatically reduce the delay by a factor of about ( [( n)/( k)])[(h)/ 2]. Our optimal cooperative strategy achieves an approximate delay-throughput tradeoff D(n,k)/T(n,k)=Θ(k) when h→ ∞. This tradeoff ratio is identical to that of noncooperative scheme, while the throughput is greatly improved.

Note on Studying Change Point of LRD Traffic Based on Li's Detection of DDoS Flood Attacking

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) flood attacks remain great threats to the Internet. To ensure network usability and reliability, accurate detection of these attacks is critical. Based on Li's work on DDoS flood attack detection, we propose a DDoS detection method by monitoring the Hurst variation of long-range dependant traffic. Specifically, we use an autoregressive system to estimate the Hurst parameter of normal traffic. If the actual Hurst parameter varies significantly from the estimation, we assume that DDoS attack happens. Meanwhile, we propose two methods to determine the change point of Hurst parameter that indicates the occurrence of DDoS attacks. The detection rate associated with one method and false alarm rate for the other method are also derived. The test results on DARPA intrusion detection evaluation data show that the proposed approaches can achieve better detection performance than some well-known self-similarity-based detection methods.

Master of the Master Gland: Choh Hao Li, the University of California, and Science, Migration, and Race

This essay examines the origins of the relationship between Choh Hao Li and the University of California, Berkeley. Li came to the United States from China in 1935 for graduate study at the University of Michigan, but ended up enrolling at Berkeley. Over the course of the next two decades, Li went from being a foreign graduate student in chemistry on a temporary visa to an internationally recognized leader in the biochemistry of endocrinology at the head of his own laboratory and a naturalized citizen of the United States. At what was otherwise a dark time for Americans of Chinese descent, Li was garnering adulation in the popular press. He was called the "master of the master gland" for his successes both in isolating and in synthesizing pituitary hormones. Specifically, the essay explores the making of the "master of the master gland" from the perspectives of the history of science and the history of race and migration in the United States, tracing the interplay among Li's scientific work, his migrations, his career aspirations, and his legal status in the United States. A Chinese intellectual cast adrift by the shifting geopolitics of World War II and the early Cold War, Li danced delicately along the margins of membership in American society during the 1940s, only arriving at what turned out to be his final destination after careful and protracted negotiations with officials of the U.S. government, with influential members of the international scientific community, and with representatives of the University of California, Berkeley.

Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s-1990s (review)

Reviewed by: Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s-1990s Guanzhong James Wen (bio) Lillian M. Li . Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s-1990s. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007. xix, 520 pp. Hardcover $75.00, ISBN 978-0-8047-5304-3. There is a compelling reason for Li to choose North China as the focus of her book. Unlike South China both geographically and climatically, North China is much more vulnerable to possible flood and drought. This plain, being vast and fertile enough to support a large population under normal weather conditions, frequently faces the resultant built-up enormous population pressure. The survival of this large population depends, to a great extent, on the balance of often precarious climate changes. When too much rain during the summer triggers flooding of the Yellow River, or too little rain during the growing season results in lasting drought, harvest failure often follows. How to provide a stable and sufficient supply of food to the local population to prevent possible social riots was, and still is, a challenge to the government at all levels, and particularly to the emperors in traditional China and to the top leaders in contemporary China. To a great extent, feeding the people was "the most important sign of imperial legitimacy and claim to the Mandate of Heaven" (p. 342). This is still true in contemporary China. Li's work deserves the serious attention of those who are interested in understanding how emperors, leaders, and civil societies in China, especially in North China, have dealt with natural catastrophes and famines in the last three hundred years. Using historical data and materials, especially grain price data, from the archives of the Qing dynasty and other sources and applying a quantitative method to the case of Hebei (North Zhili) province, the book provides a comprehensive examination on factors that might have contributed to food shortage or famine during the long period from the 1690s to the 1990s. The factors discussed in this book include changes in local climate and environment, population size and growth, land utilization and farming modes, government policies and behavior toward water conservancy, famine relief, markets, and official grain storage methods that were based on fundamentally different ideologies and political institutions during different regimes. However, the book's significance is far beyond the scope of famine research per se. Li does not shy from the recent debate over when and how China, perceived by many seventeenth-century European scholars as a land of prosperity and progress, became a land of famine and poverty. The conventional view is that China first lost its lead in technology as early as the sixteenth century. It then lost its edge in economic development, gradually and mainly as a result of its own internal problems. The debate was triggered by a challenge to this conventional view from the so-called California school. For example, this school dismisses the [End Page 233] view that the famine-caused mortality had risen significantly as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century (pp. 9-10), before the first Opium War when the Western powers started to have opportunities to exert major influence on China's internal affairs for the first time. The California school also claims that the divergence between Europe and China emerged much later than many scholars had thought. This reinterpretation of China's premodern and modern history makes the studies of China more interesting and exciting. The publication of Li's book should be welcomed for its depth and width, its good timing, and its implications for this continuing debate. The book has convincingly established or confirmed at least the following points. First, "famines in particular, and hunger and poverty in general, have been fundamentally important in the history of China—particularly during the last two centuries" (p. 9). Thus, this work rejects the idea that famines were only "random disturbances" (p. 9) during this period. On the contrary, poverty and famines increasingly assaulted China at least since the beginning of the nineteenth century, several decades before China was defeated in the first Opium War and was forced by Western powers to open its...

An Improved Adaptive Algorithm for Constrained Notch Filters with Guaranteed Stability

In this paper, based on the work in the paper by G. Li, A stable and efficient adaptive notch filter for direct frequency estimation, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 45, pp. 2001-2009, Aug. 1997 , a new adaptive algorithm for constrained pole-zero notch filters is derived using the Steiglitz-McBride adaptive scheme and a normal state-space realization. The performance of this algorithm is analyzed in terms of stability, convergence, and computational efficiency, and compared with that of the one in Li's work and the normalized lattice-based notch filter. It is shown that with the same computational complexity as that in Li's work, this proposed adaptive algorithm is bounded-input, bounded-output (BIBO) stable, whether it is implemented with infinite or finite precision. This is a very important property for real-time applications and, as far as we know, does not hold for most of the existing adaptive filters. The algorithm is shown to converge to the true parameters. Though both the proposed and the normalized lattice-based structures are BIBO stable, the former is simpler and, more interestingly, has minimal pole-zero sensitivities. Simulation results are presented, where the proposed adaptive algorithm demonstrates superior stability and convergence behavior to some existing algorithms, including the one in the work by Li.

Closed-form direction finding and polarization estimation with arbitrarily spaced electromagnetic vector-sensors at unknown locations

This paper introduces a new closed-form ESPRIT-based algorithm for multisource direction finding and polarization estimation with arbitrarily spaced electromagnetic vector-sensors whose three-dimensional (3-D) locations need not be known. The vector-sensor, already commercially available, consists of six colocated but diversely polarized antennas separately measuring all six electromagnetic-field components of an incident wavefield. ESPRIT exploits the nonspatial interrelations among the six unknown electromagnetic-field components of each source and produces from the measured data a set of eigenvalues, from which the source's electromagnetic-field vector may be estimated to within a complex scalar. Application of a vector cross-product operation to this ambiguous electromagnetic-field vector estimate produces an unambiguous estimate of that source's normalized Poynting vector, which contains as its components the source's Cartesian direction cosines. Monte Carlo simulation results verify the efficacy and versatility of this innovative scheme. This novel method maybe considered as a simplification and a refinement over Li's (1993) work.

Scope, structure, and expert systems: A reply to Kuno et al.

DISCUSSION NOTE Scope, structure, and expert systems: A reply to Kuno et al. Joseph Aoun and Yen-hui Audrey Li University of Southern California This article is a reply to Kuno et al. 1999, which claims that a structural approach to scope should be replaced by an expert system. But the alleged theoretical and empirical problems faced by the structural accounts for scope are based on assumptions or interpretations that are not adopted in the structural accounts. Further, there are problems with the characterization and execution of the expert system, causing difficulty in the understanding and application of the system intra- and interlinguistically; the expert system is not empirically adequate and does not accommodate idiolectal variations. Finally, the expert system misses important correlations between scope and other properties in the grammar, such as binding, that follow straightforwardly from a structural approach. A structural approach to scope should not be abandoned in favor of an expert system.* Introduction. Kuno, Takami and Wu (1999) examine in great detail Aoun and Li's syntactic analysis of quantifier scope interaction (1993), further extending the discussion to other structural approaches, such as May 1977, 1985, Huang 1982, 1995, Hoji 1985, Williams 1986, 1988, Hornstein 1995, Kitahara 1996 and Stroik 1996, and raise the following three issues. (1) a. There are serious theoretical problems with Aoun and Li's syntactic account of scope interpretations for the double object and topicalization constructions b.There are ambiguous sentences that Aoun and Li's and other syntactic analyses predict to be unambiguous. c.There are unambiguous sentences that Aoun and Li's and other syntactic analyses predict to be ambiguous. Kuno et al. proceed to argue that, in order to achieve empirical adequacy, a syntactic account of quantifier scope interactions should be abandoned in favor of their expert system. They further suggest that wide idiolectal variations in quantifier scope interpretations are due to differences among speakers with respect to the relative weights that the relevant principles receive in their respective expert system. In this reply, we first address the issues raised in la and show that they result from some interpretations of Aoun and Li's work that are not necessarily warranted. We then discuss the empirical problems faced by the structural accounts as presented by Kuno et al. (Ib, c) and show that the alleged empirical problems are based on some assumptions that do not necessarily hold within the structural accounts. It is not the case that the expert system, briefly sketched in §2, is indeed more adequate as a theory of scope interactions. The establishment and execution ofthe experts are not as convincing as they are proposed to be. The empirical advantage of this expert system disappears * The writing of this reply would not have been possible without Richard Larson's help. Many of the important points in this paper are Larson's ideas. We are greatly indebted to him. We are also thankful for the comments from the Language referees and the help from the associate editor and the editor of Language. Any errors or misinterpretations are our responsibilities. 133 134LANGUAGE, VOLUME 76, NUMBER 1 (2000) when relevant data are more closely examined. Finally, the expert system misses important crosslinguistic correlations between scope and other properties in the grammar that are sensitive to structures, such as binding. Such correlations follow straightforwardly from the structural accounts. 1. Structures of double object and topic constructions. Let us begin with the issues raised in la. Kuno et al. argue that Aoun and Li's analysis of the double object and topicalization structures suffers from theoretical problems. 1.1. Double object constructions. In order to understand the alleged problem with the double object structures, we need to briefly sketch some aspects of Aoun and Li's analysis. Aoun and Li's analysis relies on two principles: the minimal binding requirement (MBR) in 2 and the scope principle in 3: (2)Minimal binding requirement (MBR): Variables must be bound by the most local potential A'-binder. (3)Scope principle: An operator A may have scope over an operator B iff A c-commands B or an A'-element in the chain headed by the operator. In the configuration 4, the quantificational...

Land-Use Rights in Mainland China: Problems and Recommendations for Improvement

The Chinese property market is founded on a land use rights (LUR) system that is based on the Hong Kong leasehold system. It was first tested in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. The positive result led to the formal revival of the property market in mainland China in 1990. Coupled with the open-door policy, this new tenure system has brought about marked changes to the real estate environment in mainland China. There has been a number of papers about the LUR system. Among the writers, Walker and Li (1994) have written on “Land Use Rights Reform and Real Estate Market in China.” This article is intended to be an extension to Walker and Li's work and focuses on the problems associated with the LUR system. It concludes with recommendations for improvement.