Sale Of Liquor Research Articles

Religion and the Future of American Politics

Religion has always played an important part in American politics. The founders of the Republic drew on religious values and rhetoric in forming the new nation. Churches were active on both sides in the controversy over slavery and the Civil War that it produced. Religious groups were significant participants in campaigns for such diverse causes as prohibition of the sale of liquor, defense of the gold standard in the 1890s, enactment of women's suffrage, reform of the national economy under the New Deal, and passage of civil rights legislation in the 1960s. Perhaps most important, religion was the source of the so-called Protestant ethic, which has helped shape both the goals and the behavioral standards of American political life. During the 1980s, some religious groups have become exceptionally visible and active in national politics. Some commentators and ordinary citizens regard these increases in political participation as dangerous to civil liberties, while others look to them as a source of moral renewal. Certainly shifts in the electoral behavior of such major groups as Roman Catholics and white evangelical Protestants hold the capacity for radically altering the national political balance. This seems a good time to examine some of these developments and to make some attempt at appraising their potential effects on American society. In this article, I will discuss recent political trends and possible future directions among five major religious groups: Roman Catholics; mainline Protestants; white evangelical Protestants; black Protestants; and Jews. Together, these groups include all but about five percent of the more than ninety percent of all

Are Alcohol Related Social Problems More Likely to Occur in Wet Counties?

During every general election for the past twenty years residents of at least one county in Arkansas have been asked whether they support the legal sale of intoxicating beverages. The study described below is designed to determine whether the 32 counties in Arkansas that presently allow the sale of alcoholic beverages have suffered from an increase in alcohol related social problems. The legalization of liquor sales is a policy issue with significant social, political and emotional implications. Arkansas’ community leaders and county residents have little evidence upon which to base objective and informed decisions about the legal sale of alcohol in their counties. Our goal is to help fill the void in documented data that currently exists and to assist policy makers in making more informed decisions about this important issue.

Women and politics: case of the Kham Magar of western Nepal

Current anthropological studies of women in South Asia recognize that women play a more significant role in community decisions and local politics than was previously believed. Such participation in rural areas tends to be informal, that is, outside the formal political institutions. This paper investigates the entrance of women in a Kham Magar community in Nepal into the public arena to protest a ban on the sale of local liquor. The case sheds light on the dynamics of these women's political roles and on future trends in their involvement in politics. [women and politics, formal/informal participation, political anthropology, women's roles, Nepal, Kham Magar]

Correlates of alcohol arrests in a rural state.

Arrest and conviction rates for public intoxication, driving while intoxicated, and liquor law violations were correlated with population, population change, liquor sales, number of law officers, Indian population, and overall crime rate for 23 counties in Wyoming. It was concluded that increased liquor sales, but not arrest rates, are associated with population increase. Alcohol arrests are related positively to population magnitude and overall crime rate, but not to number of law officers. Counties with larger Indian populations report higher arrest rates for public intoxication and liquor law violations, but conviction rates for alcohol arrests in these counties are not different.

The Australian association of social workers and the royal commission into the sale, supply, disposal or consumption of liquor in the state of Victoria, 1964–65

The Australian association of social workers and the royal commission into the sale, supply, disposal or consumption of liquor in the state of Victoria, 1964–65

Liquor Sale to Minors: Yugoslav Law

Liquor Sale to Minors: Yugoslav Law

Negligence: Proximate Cause: Liability of Tavern-Keeper to Third Person Injured by One to Whom Tavern-Keeper Had Made an Unlawful Sale of Liquor

Negligence: Proximate Cause: Liability of Tavern-Keeper to Third Person Injured by One to Whom Tavern-Keeper Had Made an Unlawful Sale of Liquor

Conflict of Laws. Standard of Care. Illegal Sale of Liquor to Intoxicant in Illinois Renders Tavernkeeper Liable in Tort for Acts of Intoxicant in Michigan

Conflict of Laws. Standard of Care. Illegal Sale of Liquor to Intoxicant in Illinois Renders Tavernkeeper Liable in Tort for Acts of Intoxicant in Michigan

Negligence: Proximate Cause: Liability of Saloon Keeper for Liquor Sale against Wife's Notice

Negligence: Proximate Cause: Liability of Saloon Keeper for Liquor Sale against Wife's Notice

Effects of Sale of Liquor by the Drink in the State of Washington

Effects of Sale of Liquor by the Drink in the State of Washington

'Blue': Indecent, Obscene

BLUE is a primary color. Metaphorically, blue is associated with constancy, with faith, and with 'celestial things.' Blue means 'puritanical.' A blue law is a law set up for the rigid control of morals and conduct. A blue pig is an establishment for the sale of illicit liquor. A blue nose is a reformer, a hypocrite, or a Nova Scotian potato. To be blue is to be melancholy, drunk, off-key, or (chiefly of women) really or affectedly learned, intellectual, or pedantic. A blue is a smoker who does not inhale. A blue boy, a bluebelly, or a bluecoat is a policeman. A blueskin is a thief. A blue gown is an immoral woman, or, more specifically, a prostitute. Blue-blazes is hell. To be in a blue funk is to be incapacitated through extreme nervousness. A blue book is a book listing the aristocracy, a booklet in which college examinations are written, or a book of pornography. A blue word is an oath or a curse, and to make the air blue is to curse and swear. A blue gag is a risqu6 story or joke, and blueology is the art or practice of singing blue songs or the 'science' of preparing off-color material for presentation on the stage.' Obviously, blue is a through-the-looking-glass word,2 a word of many (and often contradictory) meanings, some of which are dead, some of which are very much alive, and at least one of which-blue, meaning 'indecent' or 'obscene'-seems, after an existence of more than one hundred years, to be moving from the limbo of argot toward general usage. It is the purpose of this paper (i) to show by specific quotations the widespread emergence (or reemergence) of blue, 'indecent, obscene' in the United States; (2) to trace, as far as is possible, the history of the word in this specialized meaning; and (3) to attempt an explanation of its persistence as slang (or less) in the English language. Blue, in the sense of 'indecent' or 'obscene,' is not listed in The American

Torts. Negligence. Sale of Liquor to Minor Held Not Proximate Cause of Acts Committed by Minor While Intoxicated

Torts. Negligence. Sale of Liquor to Minor Held Not Proximate Cause of Acts Committed by Minor While Intoxicated

British Food Journal Volume 48 Issue 3 1946

British Food Journal Volume 48 Issue 3 1946

Doctors Urge Change in Liquor Sales Methods

Doctors Urge Change in Liquor Sales Methods

Unfair Competition. Remedy by Injunction. Tavern Owner Bringing Class Action Granted Injunction against Unlawful Sale of Liquor Though Not Individually Damaged

Unfair Competition. Remedy by Injunction. Tavern Owner Bringing Class Action Granted Injunction against Unlawful Sale of Liquor Though Not Individually Damaged

Husband and Wife: Wife's Right to Recover for Loss of "Consortium" Due to Injury to Husband from Wrongful Sale of Liquor

Husband and Wife: Wife's Right to Recover for Loss of "Consortium" Due to Injury to Husband from Wrongful Sale of Liquor

Legal Questions in the Operation of the Licensing Systems

Prior to national Prohibition, the responsibility for liquor control was left, with few exceptions, to local officials. As a result, policies and procedures varied with each locality and were subject to frequent change. From this situation there developed a chaotic condition which greatly accentuated the need for a uniform national policy and was thereby one of the principal factors in bringing about Prohibition.1 Since Repeal, the tendency has been to follow a middle course and centralize control in the state and thus provide a basis for working out uniform state policies. It was upon this theory that state legislators undertook the task of drafting new liquor control legislation. Since the pre-Prohibition statutes were of little help, most of this legislation has been experimental. The 45 states not having prohibitory provisions have set up varied types of control in an effort to determine the type best adapted to the particular state. The types of control adopted by these states may be divided into two general categories.2 Seventeen have instituted systems of state operation of liquor stores generally referred to as monopoly systems. The remaining 28 states have restricted private trade by establishing liquor licensing systems. Most of the states, finding their earlier efforts not completely satisfactory, have continued to amend, add to, or delete portions of existing statutes. This experimentation, and the fact that enforcement of liquor control legislation is one of the most difficult tasks of government, has resulted in much litigation raising many interesting legal questions concerning the control systems. This article deals only with questions arising out of the licensing systems as brought out by a study of the reported decisions of courts since Repeal. Since the licensing system of control generally operates through an administrative agency, many of the questions or problems that arise are those applicable to administrative tribunals generally. These questions may be divided into three broad categories. First, questions concerning delegation of power. Second, questions arising * A.B., I938, State Teachers College, Pittsburg, Kansas. Third-year student, Duke University School of Law. Member, Editorial Board, DUKE BAR ASSOCIAnTION JOURNAL. See Byse, Alcoholic Beverage Control before Repeal, supra 544, at 549. 2 Any classification of states on the basis of a single type of control system is superficial. In the so-called monopoly states, the monopoly generally extends to sale of package liquors only. A separate license system is set up in some of these states for sale of liquor for consumption on the premises, or for sale of light wines and beer. Even in the dry states, license systems are used for regulation of the sale of beer.

Constitutional Law: Intoxicating Liquors: Power of a State to Regulate and Tax the Sale and Import of Liquor in a National Park

Constitutional Law: Intoxicating Liquors: Power of a State to Regulate and Tax the Sale and Import of Liquor in a National Park

The Massachusetts Bay Truck-Houses in Diplomacy with the Indians

THE most striking innovation in the conduct of the fur trade in colonial New England was the establishment of truck-houses owned and operated by the Province of Massachusetts. Like their neighbors to the south, all the New England colonies realized the importance of trade in maintaining friendly relations with the natives. None could afford to allow commercial contacts with the Indians to go unregulated. Restrictions on the sale of liquors, firearms, and ammunition were general, and many of the colonies licensed all persons engaged in barter. But Massachusetts was the first government to go the full distance in regulation: that is, to assume complete responsibility for the conduct of the trade. The public truck-houses were established to win the friendship of the Indians, rather than to earn a profit for the colony. This end was to be achieved by protecting the tribes from abuses which were all too common in their relations with

Control of the Liquor Traffic in Canada

HISTORICAL SKETCH T HERE are three well-marked stages in the development of Canadian efforts to control the sale of intoxicating liquors. Prior to 1864 there was no legislative restriction except for the collection of revenue. The first stage, from 1864 to 1916-19, consisted in the steady extension of local prohibition of retail sale in municipalities and counties. The latter part of this period, from 1890, was also marked by unsuccessful agitation for prohibition on a provincial scale. The second stage, beginning in 1916, saw a trial of complete provincial prohibition in every province except Quebec, where spirits only were prohibited. The third stage, commencing in 1921, consists in the experiment in government control and sale under commissions or control boards. Between 1921 and 1930, eight of the nine provinces adopted this system, Prince Edward Island remaining persistently true to her adoption of virtual prohibition through the nearly thirty years ago. The Dunkin Act, passed in the United Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec) in 1864, enabled any county or municipality, by a majority vote, to prohibit the retail sale of liquor within its borders. In 1878 the Dominion Government replaced this statute with a general law, the Canada Temperance Act (popularly known as the Scott Act), which provided for a vote in any city or county on petition of 25 per cent of the electors, and for an interval of at least three years between votes in any county. Under this statute, local option spread steadily over the Maritime Provinces, Prince Edward Island being completely dry and Nova Scotia nearly so, early in the present century. In the other provinces, especially Ontario and Quebec, where the provincial-rights struggle was sharper, the Scott Act was never very popular, and local option developed under Provincial Statutes. In the twenty years prior to 1914, the adoption of local option by the rural sections and the smaller municipalities proceeded so rapidly that in the rural parts of Ontario and Quebec, and to a lesser extent in the West, the licensed hotels (Canada never had a saloon system) practically disappeared, thus confining the retail sale of liquor largely to the cities and the bigger towns. Concurrently, a steady pressure was maintained by the temperance forces to secure provincial prohibition. Between 1892 and 1902, plebiscites were taken as in Table I.1 In addition, the Legislature of New Brunswick, in 1893, adopted a resolution favoring prohibition. A nationwide plebiscite on Dominion Prohibition in 1898 showed 278,380 for and 264,693 against, Quebec being the strongest supporter of the anti-prohibition side. Curiously enough, although the majority ranged from 63 per cent to 78 per cent, apart from the adverse vote in Manitoba in 1902, the vote was in no case considered decisive enough to warrant the enactment of a prohibitory law. In part at least, the explanation lies in the reluctance of provincial governments to face the difficulties of enforcement when the Dominion alone could control the