Liquid Plasma Research Articles

Chiral Metal-Organic Framework Films with Ordered Macropores for Enantioselective Analysis of Proteins.

Chiral film-based sensors show great promise for discriminating between enantiomers due to their miniaturization and low power consumption. However, their practical use is hindered by the trade-off between enantioselectivity and mass transfer capability, especially concerning biomacromolecules such as proteins. In this work, we present an effective and straightforward method for creating highly organized macropores within crystalline chiral metal-organic framework (CMOF) films. This approach harnesses the shaping influence of a polystyrene nanosphere template and the crystallization induced by the liquid dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The resultant highly ordered macro-microporous structures improve mass diffusion and access to chiral active sites in the hierarchical CMOF films. Coupled with their inherent chirality, strong fluorescence emission, high crystallinity, and exceptional stability, these attributes endow these CMOF films with enhanced sensing capabilities for chiral molecules. Particularly, the macro-microporous structure facilitates efficient protein recognition, overcoming a significant challenge encountered by MOFs due to protein dimensions surpassing MOF pore sizes. These films exhibit increased enantioselectivity, better limits of detection, and wider linear ranges compared with purely microporous CMOF films. This study thus provides a powerful synthetic approach for hierarchical CMOF films, addressing the limitations of traditional thin film sensors and opening an avenue for efficient chiral sensing of large biomacromolecules.

Recent progress in the development of liquid metal plasma facing components for magnetic fusion devices

One of the most critical challenges for future fusion reactors is to develop longevity plasma-facing components (PFCs) exposed to extremely high heat and neutron loads. As opposed to those employing solid metals, PFCs with flowing liquid metals (LM) have shown self-healing, heat removal and good impurity control capabilities, all essential to fusion devices. Recently, significant progress in LM-PFC development has been reported globally, with data from several magnetic fusion devices. These studies reveal that LM-PFCs can endure extreme heat fluxes while maintaining plasma compatibility. New design concepts have been proposed and numerically analyzed, advancing models for liquid PFCs in future reactors. Despite existing technical challenges, these developments suggest that LM-PFCs hold promise for future fusion applications.

A novel liquid plasma derivative inhibits melanogenesis through upregulation of Nrf2

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an emerging technology with extensive applications in biomedicine, including treatment of abnormal pigmentation. However, very few studies have investigated how plasma induces anti-melanogenesis. Here, liquid plasma was prepared by treating an NTP jet with helium and oxygen (as carrier gases) for 15 min in serum-free culture media. In the zebrafish model, pigmentation ratio was observed with or without liquid plasma. The anti-melanogenic effect of liquid plasma was evaluated in human melanocytes by assessing the expression of melanogenesis-related genes using western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Liquid plasma reduced pigmentation in the zebrafish model and inhibited melanin synthesis in primary human melanocytes. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels decreased and Nrf2 expression increased in liquid plasma–treated melanocytes. Liquid plasma affected microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase mRNA and protein levels, tyrosinase activity, and melanin content. Considering the role of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways in melanogenesis, the effect of liquid plasma on this pathway was determined; liquid plasma decreased active β-catenin, LEF1/TCF4, MITF, and tyrosinase levels in a time-dependent manner and inhibited the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. This inhibition subsequently suppressed melanogenesis by downregulating MITF and tyrosinase. These results suggest that liquid plasma may be used for treating pigmentary disorders.

Coupled model for liquid lithium plasma facing components

Numerical analysis provides the design choice and operating window of liquid metal Plasma Facing Components (PFC) concepts. Coupled analysis of boundary plasma together with the surrounding boundary structures is required. To achieve this goal, PPPL is developing a comprehensive multi-physics model for modeling of PFCs in fusion devices. The model includes the fluid-kinetic code SOLPS-ITER and the flow and heat transfer code CFX from ANSYS. SOLPS-ITER was augmented with a liquid metal boundary condition algorithm, allowing direct two-way coupling of the plasma analysis with the two-dimensional analytical slab flow model which includes heat convection in the liquid metal PFC. The target heat flux resulting from this coupled analysis is used as a boundary condition for detailed 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) and heat transfer analysis. A new formulation of MHD equations is introduced in the numerical procedure ensuring current conservation of the discretized equations. Results of the 3D analysis are used for final validation of the coupled model. A PFC design where a porous wall is used to stabilize the liquid metal surface, while MHD drive is used to push the liquid metal flow inside the PFC, will be investigated in the regimes where vapor shielding is created for enhanced volumetric plasma heat dissipation.

Enhancement of Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation through Polarization Loss Induced by Hybridization of Rare‐Earth 4f and Mo‐4d Orbitals in Liquid Plasma

AbstractThe incorporation of large‐sized rare earth (RE) elements with high coordination characteristics into transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) absorbers while preserving a high 1T phase content during post‐processing poses a significant challenge. To address this, a novel strategy involving the confinement of RE elements within the 1T‐MoS2 lattice via liquid plasma assistance, is proposed. This approach effectively mitigates the environmental impact on the 1T phase of MoS2, yielding a remarkable 1T phase content of 82.69% for Ce20‐D7 (20 wt.% Cerium trinitrate and 7 kV applied voltage). Combining experimental and theoretical investigations reveals that the multi‐orbital characteristics of RE elements facilitate hybridization between the RE‐4f and Mo‐4d orbitals on the MoS2 surface, leading to the occupation of weakly bound electrons in bonding orbitals with short‐distance motion, enhanced inter‐orbital electron‐electron interactions, and induced polarization loss. Notably, the results demonstrate that the Pr15‐D7 sample (15 wt.% praseodymium nitrate and 7 kV applied voltage) exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.12 GHz at 2.6 mm, with a minimum reflection loss of ‐52.02 dB while the Ce20‐D7 sample achieves an EAB of 6.96 GHz at 2.7 mm. These findings provide valuable insights for the rational design and development of high‐performance TMD absorbers leveraging RE‐modified materials.

Tetracycline degradation in the system of peracetic acid activation by liquid discharge plasma

The oxidative degradation ability of peracetic acid (PAA) for organic pollutants can be enhanced by different activation methods. This study investigated the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of tetracycline (TC) using PAA activated by liquid-phase discharge plasma. An 86.08 % degradation efficiency for TC after 60 min treatment was achieved in the Plasma/PAA system, much higher than that of the sole Plasma (46.64 %) and PAA (15.19 %). Acidic conditions and neutral conditions were more favorable for TC removal than alkaline conditions. Inorganic ions generally inhibited TC degradation, though notably, low concentrations of Cl− and NO3− promoted it. Free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the crucial roles of OH, RO, and 1O2 in TC degradation. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3DFS) and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–VIS) elucidated the TC degradation mechanism, revealing key aspects of antibiotic structural decomposition. Further analysis of the degradation products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) indicated three potential degradation pathways. Biotoxicity evaluations indicated that the synergistic system significantly reduced the biotoxicity of the degradation products. This study demonstrated an efficient method for plasma-activated PAA in degrading persistent pharmaceutical pollutants. It also confirmed the system’s applicability across a broad spectrum of organic pollutants and water bodies, highlighting its potential for a wide range of environmental protection applications.

Unlocking the Potential of Liquid Plasma Polymer Films: Characterizing Aging Effects and Their Impact on the Wrinkling Phenomenon.

Here, we present the study of the intricate dynamics between the physicochemical properties of liquid propanethiol plasma polymer films (PPFs) and the formation of wrinkles in PPF/Al bilayers. The study investigates the effect of liquid PPF aging in the air before top Al layer deposition by magnetron sputtering on the wrinkling phenomenon for 4 days. Thanks to atomic force microscopy, the wrinkle dimensions were found to decrease by approximately 55% in amplitude and 66% in wavelength, correlated with an increase in the viscosity of the PPF over the aging duration (i.e., from less than 107 to 1010 Pa·s). This behavior is not linked to alterations in cross-linking degree as evidenced by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry experiments but rather to network densification driven by the inherent molecular chain mobility due to the viscous state of the PPF. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements emphasizing the absence of oxidation of the PPF over the aging duration support this, revealing a unique aging mechanism distinct from other plasma polymer families. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the design and application of mechanically responsive PPFs involved in bilayer systems, paving the way for advancements in nanotechnology and related fields.

Impact of different phase structure nano Al2O3 arc discharge prepared on MB dye removal

Nanocrystalline ceramic materials have great importance in the field of nanotechnology. Nano-sized materials have properties superior to bulk materials, including improved surface area-to-volume ratio and high strength and toughness. Nano alumina products were prepared in two different phases with different sizes, and shapes via a solid–liquid plasma reactor. Both yields were prepared in identical circumstances, but with different conditions that lead to produce different shapes, and phase structures (γ-Al2O3-NPs with a spherical shape, and δ-Al2O3-Nano-structure rhomboid shape). In this regard, 1.6 million tons of dyes are consumed each year. Trace of dyes in water may cause diseases if it exceeds the WHO limits. This paper describes the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions by two different nano structure alumina nano-adsorbents. The optimum contact time, adsorbent mass, and pH were determined, and adsorption isotherms were obtained using concentrations of MB ions ranging from 5 to 50 mg/L. The adsorption process shows significant differences of the coefficient of determination factor R2 for both yields for pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, as well as Freundlish and intraparticle, film diffusion adsorption isotherms. Our results demonstrate that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic under natural conditions. The maximum capacity of adsorbent for γ-Al2O3-NPs and δ-Al2O3-Nano-structure were 31.56 and 29.49 mg/g, respectively. This study revealed that nano structure γ-alumina was an effective adsorbent for removal of these ions from aqueous solutions.

The Incorporation of Zinc into Hydroxyapatite and Its Influence on the Cellular Response to Biomaterials: A Systematic Review.

Zinc is known for its role in enhancing bone metabolism, cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Several studies proposed the incorporation of zinc into hydroxyapatite (HA) to produce biomaterials (ZnHA) that stimulate and accelerate bone healing. This systematic review aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of zinc-doped HA-based biomaterials and the evidence of their biological effects on osteoblastic cells. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2022 to 2024, covering all years of publications, in three databases (Web of Science, PUBMED, Scopus), retrieving 609 entries, with 36 articles included in the analysis according to the selection criteria. The selected studies provided data on the material's physicochemical properties, the methods of zinc incorporation, and the biological effects of ZnHA on bone cells. The production of ZnHA typically involves the wet chemical synthesis of HA and ZnHA precursors, followed by deposition on substrates using processes such as liquid precursor plasma spraying (LPPS). Characterization techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of zinc into the HA lattice. The findings indicated that zinc incorporation into HA at low concentrations is non-cytotoxic and beneficial for bone cells. ZnHA was found to stimulate cell proliferation, adhesion, and the production of osteogenic factors, thereby promoting in vitro mineralization. However, the optimal zinc concentration for the desired effects varied across studies, making it challenging to establish a standardized concentration. ZnHA materials are biocompatible and enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms of zinc release and the ideal concentrations for optimal tissue regeneration require further investigation. Standardizing these parameters is essential for the effective clinical application of ZnHA.

Compact fusion blanket using plasma facing liquid Li-LiH walls and Pb pebbles

Liquid plasma facing walls allow for increased neutron-wall loading expanding the design space of fusion power-plants and experimental devices towards compact high-field reactors. This study presents the design of a compact radial build blanket for fusion devices composed of variable quantities of Lead (Pb) and Lithium-Lithium Hydride (Li-LiH). A tank-like cylindrical neutronic model of the early design of the stellarator reactor proposed by Renaissance Fusion is implemented in OpenMC (neutron transport and dose rate analyses). The reactor's radial build composition and blanket layer thicknesses are varied to fulfill the requirements on tritium breeding ratio (TBR), nuclear heat extraction, radiation shielding (for the coils, internal structures and external environment) for a stellarator-based power-plant. The analyses suggest that a radial build lower than a meter thick between the plasma and coils would be sufficient to allow for a TBR ∼ 1.60, an energy multiplication factor of ∼ 1.07, to capture ≥ 90% of the nuclear heat, limit the neutron fluence at the coils below 1019 n/cm2, and limit the structural damage on the liquid metal vessel and magnet structure. In particular, a blanket composed of 32 cm of Pb and Li-LiH, 54 cm of a heavy metal hydride such as vanadium hydride (VH2), along with a 1.3 m of concrete bioshield, would minimize the radial build of the stellarator reactor while fulfilling tritium breeding, shielding and heat extraction requirements.

Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Ultraviolet Detection Method to Facilitate Therapeutic Monitoring of Teicoplanin Using Dried Blood Spots.

In neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, Gram -positive infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The increase in infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci have led to the increased use of glycopeptides, which treat invasive infections caused by Gram -positive organisms, particularly those resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Teicoplanin has bacteriostatic activity against Gram -positive bacteria, but its pharmacokinetics in children is highly variable, with most children failing to reach target levels at the recommended dose. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective method for determining concentrations using dried blood spot (DBS). A method to determine the concentrations of teicoplanin in 20 µL blood or plasma using the Whatman 903 Protein Saver filter was evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/vis was used, with internal standard ketoconazole. In addition, a method to quantify teicoplanin using 50 µL of liquid plasma was established to compare the results with the values obtained by DBS and dried plasma methods. The method was successfully developed and validated for 20 µL DBS. Furthermore, 50 µL of plasma was used to quantify teicoplanin with a lower limit of quantification of 10 mg/L. Precision and accuracy ranged from 2.3% to 10.7% and 95%-114.2%, respectively. A consistent factor (1.15) was used to calculate teicoplanin plasma concentrations from whole blood, indicating the reliability of the DBS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of teicoplanin. A simple, reliable, and cost-effective method using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/vis was established to determine pediatric teicoplanin concentrations in both small plasma sample volumes and whole blood using DBS, and an accurate correlation factor for estimating teicoplanin plasma concentrations from DBS was identified. This method is suitable for the use in pediatrics.

Plasma in liquids induced modification of Cu surfaces

Copper oxide surfaces are commonly used as the catalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction towards hydrocarbons. However, the lifetime of these catalyst surfaces is limited. In this paper, a method of production of copper oxides through in-liquid plasma is explored, which may be a suitable reactivation method in such applications. The influence of the plasma, ignited in distilled water, with copper and its oxides is monitored in − situ using infrared spectroscopy and ex-situ using scanning electron spectroscop and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the samples. It is shown that the interaction of the plasma with the samples causes a reduction of the copper oxide on a fast time scale and an oxidation on a longer time scale. The formation of preferentially oriented copper nanocubes is observed.

Dried Plasma for Major Trauma: Past, Present, and Future.

Uncontrollable bleeding is recognized as the leading cause of preventable death among trauma patients. Early transfusion of blood products, especially plasma replacing crystalloid and colloid solutions, has been shown to increase survival of severely injured patients. However, the requirements for cold storage and thawing processes prior to transfusion present significant logistical challenges in prehospital and remote areas, resulting in a considerable delay in receiving thawed or liquid plasma, even in hospitals. In contrast, freeze- or spray-dried plasma, which can be massively produced, stockpiled, and stored at room temperature, is easily carried and can be reconstituted for transfusion in minutes, provides a promising alternative. Drawn from history, this paper provides a review of different forms of dried plasma with a focus on in vitro characterization of hemostatic properties, to assess the effects of the drying process, storage conditions in dry form and after reconstitution, their distinct safety and/or efficacy profiles currently in different phases of development, and to discuss the current expectations of these products in the context of recent preclinical and clinical trials. Future research directions are presented as well.

Enhanced hydrogen production through cracking of ammonia water using liquid plasma on titanate-based perovskite catalysts

In this study, a mass production of hydrogen was studied through cracking of ammonia water using liquid plasma. A new FexNi1-xTiO3 perovskite composite with significantly improved visible-light sensitivity was synthesized to further improve the photochemical reaction activity. It is applied to hydrogen production from the decomposition of ammonia water using liquid plasma. In this reaction, a large amount of hydrogen is produced with a small amount of nitrogen gas; moreover, oxygen is produced by liquid plasma discharge and no CO2 byproduct is produced. Titanate-based perovskite catalysts have also been used in decomposition reactions. Titanate-based perovskite catalysts exhibiting high rates of hydrogen production during decomposition were obtained for the plasma and photocatalytic decomposition of aqueous ammonia. FexNi1-xTiO3, which is a newly synthesized ABTiO3-type titanate, showed a higher rate of hydrogen production (approximately 140 L/(g·h)) than other titanate-based perovskites. Furthermore, the FexNi1-xTiO3 exhibited the highest sensitivity to UV and visible light. Its high photosensitivity helped improve the photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of ammonia in water using plasma.

Development of conductive SiC-ZrN-TiB2 ceramics: A pathway towards electrical discharge machinable SiC based ceramics

Dense silicon carbide (SiC) composites with 0–30 vol% (ZrN-TiB2) were fabricated by using liquid phase spark plasma sintering at a relatively lower sintering temperature (1800 °C) and shorter holding time (5 min). The effects of co-addition of ZrN and TiB2 on densification, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of SiC ceramics were investigated. The reinforcement significantly enhanced density of sintered composites, while the phase analysis and microstructure confirm the suppression of β→α phase transformation in the SiC matrix. The fracture toughness ranged from 4.1 to 4.6 MPa·m0.5, hardness from 19.5 to 20.3 GPa, and electrical conductivity from 4.85 ×101 to 1.25 ×103 (Ω·cm)−1. Incorporating conductive reinforcements and nitrogen additives enhanced electrical conductivity. Successful wire-EDM cutting of SiC-ZrN-TiB2 composites demonstrate the feasible alternative to conventional machining of non-oxide ceramics with a maximum material removal rate of 8.54 mm2/min.

Efficient removal of Basic Violet 16 by a multistage oxygen enhanced liquid glow discharge plasma system: Mechanism and roles of reactive species quantified by machine learning

A multistage oxygen enhanced Liquid Glow Discharge Plasma reactor (LGDP/multistage oxygen, LGDP/M-O2) was designed to improve the removal efficiency of organic dyes in wastewater. As a result of the multistage oxygen system, the degradation rate constant of Basic Violet 16 (BV16) was enhanced by approximately 18 times, the decolorization rate of BV16 was 97.39 % in 4 min, and the removal rate of TOC was 33.32 % in 10 min. Detailed study of how the system works to help break down pollutants. The reactive species series of experiments showed that multistage oxygen injection strongly promoted reactive species production and utilization. Meanwhile, a machine learning model to quantify the contribution of reactants was proposed. Machine learning indicated the dominating contribution of reactive oxygen species (63.89 %) and reactive chlorine species (21.92 %) in the degradation of BV16. In addition, the transformation intermediates during the degradation of BV16 were monitored. Accordingly, three possible degradation pathways of BV16 in the LGDP/M-O2 system were proposed, i.e., benzene ring substitution of hydroxyl groups, hydroxyl addition of C=C double bond, and halogenation of benzene rings. This study demonstrates the importance of the LGDP/M-O2 system for organic dye removal from wastewater.

Nonderivatized Method for the Detection of Perfluoroalkane Sulfonyl Fluorides by Liquid Chromatography-Microwave Plasma Torch Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have caused widespread environmental concern in recent years. Among them, the levels of perfluoroalkane sulfonyl fluorides (PFASFs) in the environment have rarely been reported due to the lack of sensitive analytical methods. Herein, a novel liquid chromatography-microwave plasma torch ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-MPTI-MS) technique was designed for the direct analysis of PFASFs in the environment. The collaborative action of reactive oxygen species (such as hydroxyl radicals) and the elevated temperature within the ambient MPTI environment results in the replacement of the fluorine atom in sulfonyl fluoride by oxygen, leading to the detection of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid (PFSA) ions by MS. Concurrently, LC was employed to separate other PFSAs that are present in the environment. Three PFASFs exhibited good linearity within the range of 1-500 μg/L with R2 > 0.994. The limit of detections (LODs) and the limit of quantifications (LOQs) were measured at 39.32-87.87 and 131.07-292.90 ng/L, respectively. The method was utilized for the direct detection of spiked perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) in wastewater with recoveries of 77.16 to 124.81%. Our approach circumvents the laborious process of chemical derivatization and is anticipated to serve as a robust tool for determining the levels and behaviors of PFASFs in the environment.

Abstract 2426: Liquid biopsy for a predictive biomarker of resistance to immunotherapy

Abstract Immunotherapy has become a mainstay for cancer treatment. However, immune editing is a well-known resistance paradigm that limits the efficacy of immunotherapy in many patients. One type of immune editing that occurs in 1/6 of all cancer patients, with prevalence over 40% in some cancer types, is human leukocyte antigen loss of heterozygosity (HLA LOH). Liquid biopsies provide a non-invasive and inexpensive way of guiding treatment decision-making. We have developed a liquid biopsy assay for detecting HLA LOH in cancer patients, with the goal of utilizing the assay for deciding whether immunotherapy is the right course of treatment for a given patient. The assay was tested utilizing sample sets from cancer patients, where each sample set from a patient included a solid tumor biopsy, a liquid biopsy plasma sample, and PBMC sample for control. Tumor HLA LOH results were used for ground truth, and HLA LOH results from the liquid biopsy sample were compared to those from the tumor sample from the same patient. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on tumor DNA, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, and germline DNA from PBMCs, and we ran our novel liquid biopsy HLA LOH detection algorithm on the plasma WES data. Standard copy number variant (CNV) calling tools were utilized for calling HLA LOH from the tumor sequencing data. In both cases - tumor and plasma - germline PBMC DNA was used as control. We tested the liquid biopsy HLA LOH detection method on sample sets from 2 HPV-negative primary head and neck cancer patients, 14 castration-resistant prostate cancer patients, and 27 metastatic breast cancer patients. The samples from the head and neck cancer patients were obtained from patients on clinical trials at NCI, while WES data from prostate cancer patient samples and breast cancer patient samples were downloaded from NCBI Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) after applying for access to dataset phs001417.v1.p1 (Adalsteinsson, et al., Nature Communications, 2017). The method for liquid biopsy HLA LOH detection utilizes a novel mathematical framework that takes into account biological and experimental variables to generate allele-specific HLA LOH information from sequencing data. In the first two cohorts tested - the head and neck cancer cohort and the prostate cancer cohort - the method was 100% consistent when comparing liquid biopsy HLA LOH results from our method to CNV calling results from matched tumors (4 true positives and 36 true negatives; 0 false negatives and 0 false positives). In the breast cancer cohort, some false negatives and false positives were observed (6 true positives and 48 true negatives; 5 false negatives and 8 false positives). Experiments are ongoing in a CLIA lab to establish sensitivity, specificity, and limit of detection (LoD) for the assay. Upon improvements and validation of the assay, the goal is to utilize the liquid biopsy HLA LOH detection method in the clinic for treatment selection in the context of immunotherapy. Citation Format: Andrew Sinkoe, James L. Gulley. Liquid biopsy for a predictive biomarker of resistance to immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2426.

Liquid plasma promotes angiogenesis through upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-induced extracellular matrix metabolism: potential applications of liquid plasma for vascular injuries

BackgroundApplications of nonthermal plasma have expanded beyond the biomedical field to include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Plasma enhances epithelial cell repair; however, the potential damage to deep tissues and vascular structures remains under investigation.ResultThis study assessed whether liquid plasma (LP) increased nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by modulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and potential signaling pathways. First, we developed a liquid plasma product and confirmed the angiogenic effect of LP using the Matrigel plug assay. We found that the NO content increased in plasma-treated water. NO in plasma-treated water promoted cell migration and angiogenesis in scratch and tube formation assays via vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. In addition to endothelial cell proliferation and migration, LP influenced extracellular matrix metabolism and matrix metalloproteinase activity. These effects were abolished by treatment with NG-L-monomethyl arginine, a specific inhibitor of NO synthase. Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathways mediating the phosphorylation and activation of eNOS in LP-treated cells and the role of LKB1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in signaling. Downregulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by siRNA partially inhibited LP-induced eNOS phosphorylation, angiogenesis, and migration.ConclusionThe present study suggests that LP treatment may be a novel strategy for promoting angiogenesis in vascular damage.A1BBJsagnHJAo-Bf8DXnP6Video Graphical

Effects of liquid properties on the development of nanosecond-pulsed plasma inside of liquid: comparison of water and liquid nitrogen

In this manuscript, we report on observations of the development of nanosecond-pulsed plasma in liquids and examine liquids with two drastically different properties: water and liquid nitrogen. Here, we compare the discharge appearance using high-speed imaging, examine bubble formation using shadow imaging, and measure the time-averaged optical emission spectra of these plasmas. Because the liquid nitrogen plasma is ignited in a liquid that is at boiling temperature, we also study the water discharge at various temperatures, up to boiling. We demonstrate that the discharge development appears not to be affected by this type of liquid. Optical emission, however, is strikingly different: in water, we observe continuum emission in the UV region only and no black-body continuum or atomic lines, whereas the liquid nitrogen spectrum is populated by molecular and longer wavelength broadband emissions.