Liquid Phase Penetration Research Articles

Electric current-induced abnormal Cu/γ-InSn4 interfacial reactions

The electromigration effect upon the γ-InSn4/Cu interfacial reactions have been studied by examining the γ-InSn4/Cu/γ-InSn4 couples annealed at 160 °C with and without current stressing. Scallop-type η-Cu6(Sn,In)5 phase layers are formed in the couples without current stressing and at the γ-InSn4/Cu interface where electrons are flowing from the γ-InSn4 to the Cu. The reaction path is Cu/η-Cu6(Sn,In)5/γ-InSn4. However, very large η-Cu6(Sn,In)5 compounds are found at the Cu/γ-InSn4 interface where electrons are from Cu to the γ-InSn4. Although the melting points of both γ-InSn4 and Cu are higher than 160 °C, the liquid phase is formed at 160 °C in the electrified couple at the downstream γ-InSn4 phase near the Cu/γ-InSn4 interface. The reaction path is Cu/η-Cu6(Sn,In)5/liquid/γ-InSn4. The liquid phase propagates along the grain boundaries of the γ-InSn4 matrix. The very large η-Cu6(Sn,In)5 compounds are the coupling results of the liquid phase penetration and the Cu transport enhancement due to electromigration.

Evaporation characteristics of multi-component fuel

The maximum liquid phase penetration and evaporation behavior was investigated by using simultaneous measurement for mie-scattered light images and shadowgraph ones. The objective of this study was to analyze effect of variant parameters and fuel properties on evaporation behavior, and to investigate liquid phase penetration for the single- and multi-component fuels. The experiments were conducted in a constant-volume vessel with optical access. Fuel was injected into the vessel with electronically controlled common rail injector. It was observed that: liquid phase length is influenced by fuel properties. High-boiling point fuel within the multi-component fuel controls liquid phase length.

C133 ディーゼル機関における蒸発噴霧液相の計測

This paper introduced a very simple method to measure the liquid phase of spray in an optically accessible DI diesel engine. Particular attention was paid to easy and practical usage. As a result, a less expensive 4W argon laser was used as the beam source and an E-10 high speed camera was used for continuously observing the elastic-scatter liquid phase image. Through this method, the effects of injection pressure, nozzle specification, intake air temperature and boost on the liquid phase penetration before ignition were investigated. Some results were reported in this paper.

The role of interface energies in galvanized coating development

A new mechanism is advanced that accounts for the abnormal galvanizing behavior of steels containing silicon. The basis for this model is the influence of interface energies on intermetallic phase formation. High silicon and iron concentrations in the liquid adjacent to the developing coating can trigger liquid phase penetration at various interfaces. This results in abrupt changes in the kinetics of the coating development. Observed microstructures conform well to the proposed mechanism.

Impurity induced recrystallization in thoriated nickel

We have established that thoriated nickel recrystallizes prematurely during annealing when its surface is exposed to impurity atoms of certain elements having low melting temperatures. The following elements produced this effect at one or more of the annealing temperatures employed in this investigation; sulfur, selenium, lead and bismuth. Through microstructural examination, we have concluded that an important mass transport mechanism underlying this phenomenon in thoriated nickel is liquid phase penetration, presumably along the original grain boundaries of the nickel. We have been able to rationalize our observations by formulating the following rule: if at the annealing temperature employed a liquid phase can form whose phase field is contiguous to the terminal nickel phase field, then premature recrystallization of the thoriated nickel will occur at that temperature.