Application Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Research Articles

Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Bacterial Community Structure in Seed Production Corn Fields

Different fertilization measures affect the soil’s physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure, which in turn affects the growth environment and yield of maize seed production. Therefore, rational fertilization measures are important in maintaining and improving soil fertility and promoting maize crop growth. Research on fertilization practices in maize fields for seed production can help to increase agricultural productivity while protecting and enhancing soil health and achieving sustainable agricultural development. To clarify the effects of different fertilization measures on soil bacterial communities in seed corn fields, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and PICRUSt method were used to explore the soil under different fertilization measures (CK as control, effects of single application of liquid organic fertilizer (M), single application of bacterial agents (BF), and combined application of liquid organic fertilizer and bacterial agents (M + BF)) on soil bacterial community structure characteristics and ecological functions. Proteobacteria (20.14–25.30%), Actinobacteriota (18.21–20.47%), Actinobacteriota (13.55–22.00%), and Chloroflexi (14.24–17.59%) were the dominant phyla. Bacillus, RB41, Arthrobacter, and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera. M + BF treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Planctomycetota. The relative abundance of Bacillus and PaeniBacillus in M treatment decreased considerably, while the relative abundance of Turicibacter increased significantly. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas was reduced considerably in M and M + BF treatments. The relative abundance of Subgroup 10 decreased significantly after BF and M + BF treatments. BF treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Skermanella. Redundancy analysis showed that alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (p = 0.044) was the main environmental factor affecting soil bacterial communities under different fertilizer treatments. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that metabolism was the main functional component of bacteria, accounting for 78.45–78.94%. The abundance of functional genes for terpenoid and polyketone metabolism, the endocrine system, the excretory system, and the immune system of the soil bacterial community was significantly increased under M treatment, while the abundance of functional genes for the digestive system was decreased considerably. Different fertilizer cultivation measures changed soil bacterial community composition and ecological function in maize fields. These results can provide a theoretical reference for the study of bacterial community succession characteristics in maize fields and the determination of appropriate fertilizer cultivation measures.

Improvement of growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown on degraded acid soil with the application of liquid organic fertilizer

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of several types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from plant waste and the dose of P fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice on degraded acid soil. The treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor (A) was several types of LOF consisting of A1 (control), A2 (LOF containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria), A3 (LOF-banana waste), and A4 (A2+A3). The second factor (B) was fertilizer doses consisting of B1 (50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), B2 (75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), and B3 (100% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer). The treatment combinations were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The research results showed that applying either LOF-banana waste or the mixture of LOF-banana waste and LOF-containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria improved plant height, the number of tillers, and N and P uptake by the plant. The rice grain yields among the treatments were not significantly different, but the highest rice grain yield (139.8 g/pot) was obtained at the treatment of the mixture of LOF-P isolate + LOF-banana waste (A2+A3 treatments). The 75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer was not significantly different from 100% P fertilizer with LOF on growth and yield upland rice and nutrient uptake by the plant.

Uji efektivitas poc lidah buaya dan air cucian beras terhadap peningkatan produksi pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

Efforts to increase food security require innovation in reducing the level of use of chemical fertilizers by utilizing organic fertilizers. The aims of the research are: 1) is the application of liquid organic fertilizer from aloe vera able to increase the production of pakcoy plants, 2) is the application of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water effective in increasing the production of pakcoy plants, and 3) is there an interaction between the application of liquid organic fertilizer made from aloe vera? crocodiles with liquid organic fertilizer made from rice washing water on the growth rate of pak choy plants. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two (2) factorial levels. The first factor uses liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water with 2 doses, namely B0 (without treatment); B1 (with 12.5 ml dose of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water). The second factor uses aloe vera liquid organic fertilizer with doses: L0 (without treatment); L1 (5ml dose); L2 (10ml dose); L3 (15ml dose) and L4 (20ml dose). Each factorial is repeated 3 times. The results of the research found that the use of liquid organic fertilizer from aloe vera was able to increase pak choy production effectively with maximum treatment at a dose of 20 ml, apart from that the use of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing water at a dose of 12.5 ml also has a real influence on increasing pakchoy production. However, in the interaction between the two liquid organic fertilizers, no significant interaction was found between the two types of organic liquid fertilizer during the research process.

Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Derived from Vegetable Waste and NPK on Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Derived from Vegetable Waste and NPK on Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

Efektivitas Pupuk Organik Cair Jerami Padi dan Kotoran Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brasicca juncea L.)

The mustard plant (Brassica juncea L.) is loved by everyone because it has lots of nutrients and is also good for health. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and cow dung on the growth of mustard greens. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (P₁ = 10 ml and P₂ = 13 ml) and the time of application of liquid organic fertilizer (W₁ = once every 5 days and W₂ = once every 7 days). The results of research on liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and cow dung can effectively accelerate growth in height, number of leaves and wet weight in mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The growth of mustard greens was very good in the P₂W₁ treatment (13 ml dose every 5 days) which produced mustard plants with an average height of 35.1 cm, an average number of leaves of 17.3, and an average fresh weight of mustard greens. average 165.3 grams.

Efektivitas Pupuk Organik Cair Jerami Padi dan Ampas Teh Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Kalsium Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)

This research aims to determine differences in growth and calcium levels of lettuce plants ( Lactuca sativa L.) after applying liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and tea dregs. This research used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications and two factors, namely the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (P1 = 10 ml and P2 = 13 ml) and the time of application of liquid organic fertilizer (W1 = once every 5 days and W2 = every 7 days). The results of the research showed that all treatments had different effects on the growth and levels of lettuce plants. The treatment that has the most influence on the growth and calcium levels of lettuce plants is P2W2 (13 ml fertilizer dose and application time every 7 days). Keywords: Tea dregs, rice straw, calcium, lettuce plants, liquid organic fertilizer

The Effect of Foliar Application of Azolla Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Rice in Swampy Soil

Rice cultivation faces challenges due to limited land availability despite increasing demand. Utilizing swamp land for cultivation presents an alternative, albeit hindered by difficult-to-control water conditions and less effective fertilizer spread. To ensure optimal nutrient supply, foliar application of Azolla liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is explored. This study investigates the ideal concentration and frequency of Azolla LOF application for rice growth and yield. Employing a split plot design, the main plot assesses LOF concentration (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%), while the subplot evaluates application frequency (1, 2, 3 times). Results indicate that a 9% LOF concentration yields the highest tiller count (17.99), longest panicle (25.788 cm), highest grain count per panicle (158.2978), heaviest grain weight per hill (45.878 g), and highest grain weight per plot (3457.52 g). However, the fastest flowering period (54 DAP) occurs with a 12% LOF concentration. Applying Azolla LOF three times achieves the earliest flowering (55.25 DAP), while two applications yield the longest panicle (25.03 cm). Notably, no interaction is observed between LOF concentration and application frequency on rice growth and yield. These findings provide insights into optimizing Azolla LOF application for enhanced rice cultivation in swamp lands.

Technology and technical means for the implementation of reproduction methods for soil fertility

Soil fertility is determined by the presence of humus as the main part of organic matter. The extended reproduction of soil fertility is ensured by the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the cultivation of sidereal crops and the decomposition of plant residues. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing the technologies and means of mechanization for extended reproduction of fertility. (Materials and methods) For the joint application of liquid organic fertilizers and the cultivation of siderates, a unit has been developed that implements a hose technology for transporting liquid organic fertilizers. Fertilizers are fed through pressure hose lines to the working parts deep into the soil layer. The combined unit consists of a tractor K-744 Kirovets and an adapter for deep tillage with liquid fertilizers, as well as a seeder for small-seeded crops. To level the surface of the field after the passage of the unit and the sealing of the sown seeds of the sideral culture, the unit is equipped with a tooth roller. (Results and discussion) Formulas for determining the critical processing depth are given, the power calculation of the unit is performed. The design of the tillage tool allows to install flat-cutting working parts with a grip of 0.80 meters and slits with a grip of 0.45 meters. Tests of the combined unit were carried out. The depth of tillage was 36±1 centimeters, the seeding rate of the sideral crop (oilseed radish) was 25 kilograms per hectare, the operating speed range of the unit was from 0.4 to 0.8 meters per second. (Conclusions) The uniformity of the subsurface distribution of organic fertilizers was 90-95 percent. The specific energy intensity of the technological process of the combined unit based on the K-744 tractor for intra-soil fertilization is 40-65 kilowatt hours per hectare (excluding the capacity for pumping fertilizers). Energy consumption depends on the depth of cultivation and resistivity of the soil. The proposed method allows preventing water and wind erosion of the soil, improving its agronomically valuable properties. Reducing the pesticide load on the soil and its microflora contributes to the transition to a model of sustainable agroecosystems, improving and improving crop quality. The proposed technology provides extended reproduction of soil fertility.

The Effect of Using NPK Fertilizer and Liquid Organic Fertilizer Vegetable Waste on the Vegetative Growth of Purple Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

An key factor in promoting the growth and development of plants is fertilizer. Both organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used for fertilization. If inorganic fertilizers are applied over an extended period of time without the incorporation of organic matter, the soil's quality may be compromised, leading to suboptimal plant development. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the optimal fertilizer dose for purple eggplant growth response, as well as the effects of NPK fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste, and a combination of both on the vegetative growth of purple eggplant plants. A two-factor Complete Random Design was employed in this study, with three replicates and five treatment levels for each of the liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste and NPK fertilizer treatment. The Anova two-way test was used to examine the data, and then the DMRT test was performed. The application of liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste and the combination of the two fertilizers had a real effect on plant height, leaf area, wet weight, and dry weight but no real effect on the number of leaves, according to the results. On the other hand, the application of NPK fertilizer had a real effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight, and dry weight. The results of the DMRT test (5%) indicated that the optimal dosage for plant height, wet weight, and dry weight was 1.5 grams of NPK and 10 ml of liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste; for the number of leaves, it was 1.5 grams of NPK and 2 grams, and for the area of leaves, it was 1 gram of NPK.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Produksi Sawi Samhong (Brassica juncea L.)

In mustard cultivtion, the right combination of the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer given through the leaves and the frequency of application are factors that can optimize growth and yield. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of the concentration and frequency of NASA liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Samhong mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon. This research was conducted as an experiment using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors. The first factor was the concentration of NASA liquid organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely: concentration of 0 mL/L of water (without giving POC); 4 mL/L of water; 8 mL/ mL/L of water; and 12 mL/L of water. The second factor was the frequency of fertilizer application which consists of 3 levels, namely 6 times, 3 times and 2 times of application. There were 12 treatment combinations, with 3 replications, so there were 36 experimental units. The research results showed that the concentration of NASA liquid organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight. A concentration of 8 mL/L of water was the best concentration for plant fresh weight, namely 323.89 g. For the treatment of frequency of application, there was a very significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight, with a frequency of 3 applications being the best frequency for the growth and yield of Samhong mustard greens. The interaction between NASA liquid organic fertilizer concentration and application frequency did not significantly effect all observed variables.

Improving growth and productivity of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) applied using organic and inorganic fertilizer

Objective: This research aims to identify and examine organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and productivity of shallots. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out under field conditions in the research and application fields of Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The main plot is the liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) consisting of control, 10 mL/L, and 20 mL/L. The subplots, namely the zwavelzure ammonium (ZA) fertilizer, consist of control, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha. Results: Based on the research conducted, it can be seen that the interaction between the application of LOF (20 mL/L) and ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) recorded the highest average fresh bulb weight (145.60 g). Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants. On the other hand, ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) influences plant height (44.03 cm at 42 DAP), number of leaves (26.67), production per hectare (20.96 t), and chlorophyll index (20.64) of shallot plants. Conclusion: The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers has a significant influence on the growth and production of shallot plants, both in interaction and individually.

Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Improve Yields in System of Rice Intensification (SRI).

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Organic fertilizer is a source of nutrition for plants which is an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) which comes from coconut fiber and banana LOF which comes from banana stems from which the fruit has been removed, so that wasted plant residue can be used as fertilizer. The study aimed to obtain the best type of LOF and concentration in increasing the growth and yield of the Batang Piaman rice variety using the SRI method. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was conducted from June to December, 2023 in Padang City, West Sumatra. The method used was an experiment with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in nested with each treatment consisting of 3 groups. The treatment consisted of LOF types at two levels (banana stems and coconut fiber) and LOF concentrations at seven levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mL/L). Observational data were analysed by variance analysis with F test at 5% real level, but if there were differences, it was continued with DMRT further test at 5% real level by STAR IRRI Philippine software (Philippine). <b>Results:</b> The results obtained were that LOF coconut fiber provided better growth components, yield components and physiological components than banana stem LOF with the best concentration, on the provision of LOF coconut fiber 100 mL/L on the number of rice plant tillers and stomatal density and concentration of 200 mL/L on the number of productive tillers. <b>Conclusion:</b> The application of LOF coconut fiber is better for the growth and yield of rice plants of the Batang Piaman variety compared to the administration of LOF banana stems by applying coconut fiber liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 100 mL/L, it is recommended to add coconut fiber LOF to rice fields to increase growth and yield.

The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Kepok Banana Humps on Cayenne Pepper Plants' (Capsicum frutescens L.) Growth and Yield

The primary issue encountered in the cultivation of cayenne pepper is the low production levels attributed to the non-intensive cultivation system and poor soil fertility. Enhancing cultivation techniques, mainly through the application of liquid organic fertilizer derived from Kepok banana humps, has the potential to boost production yields. Kepok banana humps harbor microbes that aid in the decomposition of beneficial organic matter. The objective of this study is to assess the impact and optimal concentration of liquid organic fertilizer from Kepok banana humps on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper. Employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, the findings indicated that the utilization of liquid organic fertilizer from Kepok banana humps significantly influenced flowering age, harvest age, fruit weight per plant, and plant dry weight. At the same time, no notable effects were observed on plant height and leaf width. The most effective treatment was P3 (300 ml/plant), which yielded the most favorable outcomes across these parameters.

Effect of spent engine oil pollution and liquid organic fertilizer application on soil chemical properties and nutrient contents of Maize (Zea Mays)

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of spent engine oil (SEO), bio-treated with liquid organic fertilizer, on maize plant growth. The study utilized three concentrations of SEO (0.5 and 10% w/w) and four liquid organic fertilizers (water control, cattle dung, poultry manure and rabbit manure). These factors were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial setup with three replications in a completely randomized design. Collected data included percentage moisture, dry weight, nutrient content and uptake, heavy metal concentration, and post-harvest soil chemical properties. Soil composite samples on physical and chemical analysis carried out show that the engine oil pollution negatively affected soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations, but it increased total organic carbon before maize cultivation. The percentage moisture and dry weight of the maize plant were not significantly (p > 0.5) influenced by engine oil pollution or liquid organic fertilizer application. N, P and Mg content of maize plant were significantly reduced by the engine oil pollution but significantly boosted by organic fertilizer application. Cr and Pb content of the maize were increased with engine oil concentration but decreased with liquid organic fertilizer. Nutrient uptake was decreased with increase in engine oil content but increased with liquid organic fertilizer application. At the end of the experiment, engine oil pollution significantly depressed pH, total N, available P and exchangeable cations, but increased organic C, total hydrocarbon, exchangeable Al and heavy metal content while it was opposite for liquid organic fertilizer. Our findings suggested that soils polluted with SEO should be corrected with the application of organic fertilizers.

An Incubation System for the Simulation of Ammonia Emissions from Soil Surface-Applied Slurry: Effect of pH and Acid Type

Acidification of slurry is a promising approach for reducing ammonia emissions during the application procedure. Since only a few studies have been conducted focusing on ammonia emissions during the application of liquid organic fertilizers on the soil surface, a suitable incubation system was developed to evaluate the effects of acidification under controlled conditions. This incubation system was used to measure the ammonia emissions of various liquid organic fertilizers. The substrates were acidified with sulfuric and citric acid to different pH values to determine both the influence of the pH value of the substrates and of the type of acid on the ammonia emissions. The emissions decreased with declining pH value, and the reduction in emissions compared to the initial pH of the substrate was over 86% for pH 6.5 and over 98% for pH 6.0 and below. At the same pH value, the ammonia emissions did not differ between substrates acidified with citric acid and sulfuric acid, although more than twice as much 50% citric acid was required compared to 96% sulfuric acid to achieve the same pH value. Overall, our results demonstrate that the incubation system used is suitable for measuring ammonia emissions from surface-applied liquid organic fertilizers. The system allows for the differentiation of emission levels at various pH levels and is therefore suitable for testing the effectiveness of additives for reducing ammonia emissions from liquid organic fertilizers.

Application Of Liquid Organic Fartilizer From Banana Weevils On The Growth Yield Of Mustard Greens

This research was conducted in the Courtyard of the Tebing Tinggi Pangkatan Village Post in Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province, from November 2022 to January 2023. The study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications and 1 treatment factor, which was the dosage of liquid organic fertilizer. Based on the results of the 35-day study on the application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) to sweet mustard plants (Bransisca Juncea L), it was found that the highest dosage, which was 185 ml, significantly differed from the control group where no LOF was applied. Meanwhile, the growth with dosages of 90 ml, 100 ml, and 150 ml showed significant differences compared to the control group.

Pupuk Organik Cair D’nip dan Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis

Corn is a cereal plant and a type of monocotyledonous seed. In Indonesia, corn is used for livestock feed, as well as a base for various food and beverage industries, including flour and oil. Corn production in West Kalimantan is significantly lower, at 58.14%, compared to other regions. The maximum corn demand for consumption and livestock feed is 322,621 tons. West Kalimantan produced 14,460,601 tons in 2023.This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern, with 2 factors: the first factor being the application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) D’NIP with code (d) in 3 treatment levels, and the second factor being the application of NPK Mutiara Professional with code (n) in 3 treatment levels. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.The doses of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) D'NIP were 0 ml/1 liter of water (without POC D’NIP), 30 ml/1 liter of water, and 40 ml/1 liter of water. Meanwhile, the doses of NPK Mutiara Professional fertilizer were 2.43 grams/polybag, 7.43 grams/polybag, and 12.43 grams/polybag. This resulted in a total of nine (9) treatment combinations: d0n1, d0n2, d0n3, d1n1, d1n2, d1n3, d2n1, d2n2, d2n3, each treatment repeated 3 times with 3 plant samples in each replication.The highest results for the cob length variable (22.22 cm) were found in treatment (d1n3), plant height (215.66 cm) in treatment (d2n1), number of leaves (12.67 leaves) in treatments (d1n1 & d2n1), cob diameter without husk (53.45 cm) in treatment (d2n3), and weight of cob without husk (311.56 grams) in treatment (d2n3)

Respon Pertumbuhan, Hasil Dan Kualitas Hasil Tanaman Horenso (Spinacia oleraceae L.) Akibat Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dan Kotoran Cacing (Kascing)

Response of Plant Growth, Yield and Yield Quality of Horenso (Spinacia oleraceae L.) as Effect by Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Vermicompost. Experimental Station of SMK PPN Gegerkalong Bandung West Java, with about 1100 metre above sea level and Andisols soil type order from September 2022 up to November 2022. Experiment was to Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial pattern two factors and two replications. The first factor was liquid organic fertilizer (P) rate consisted of five levels namely : p0 (0 mL L-1 water), p1 (2 mL L-1 water), p2 (4 mL L-1 water), p3 (6 mL L-1 water1), p4 (8 mL L-1 water). The second factors was vermicompost (C) rate consisted of five levels namely: c0 (0 g plant-1), c1 (30 g plant-1), c2 (60 g plant-1), c3 (90 g plant-1), and c3 (120 g plant-1). This interactions between liquid organic fertilizer rate and vermicompost rate on response of plant height at 30 days after planting (dap), weight of plant fresh, weight of plamt fresh bran, and yield of plant fresh per plot. Application of liquid organic fertilizer at 6 mL L-1 water and vermicompost 90 g plant-1 gave good effect better than other treatments.

The Availability of Soil N, P, K, and Mustard Yield after the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Household Waste in Ultisols

Ultisols are one of the dominant soil orders in Indonesia, accounting for approximately 25% of the total land area. The main problem of this soil is high aluminum (Al) saturation with low pH and plant nutrients. The study was intended to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from household waste on the availability of N, P, K, and mustard yield in Ultisols. The research used a complete randomized design (CRD) with six concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer of household waste. The treatments were repeated four times. The treatment included control, 10, 20, 30,40, and 50 ml LOF in a liter of water. The study revealed that the liquid organic fertilizer from household waste increased 1.06 folds of total soil N and 1.04 folds of exchangeable-K compared to the control but did not affect available P. Also, soil pH was comparable among treatments. The greatest concentration of LOF (50 ml per liter of water) exhibited the highest yield of mustard, indicated by the highest fresh and dry shoot weight. In general, the study contributes to the development of eco-frindly agriculture.

The Production of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Response to the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Marine Fish Waste and Tithonia

The Production of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Response to the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Marine Fish Waste and Tithonia