Liquid-liquid Mass Transfer Research Articles

Liquid-liquid mass transfer and its retardation by macromolecular adsorption

The transfer of KCl from water to 1-butanol has been measured in a Lewis cell, under laminar flow conditions. This system appears to exhibit no significant interfacial resistance. The effect of spread macromolecules on the mass transfer is shown to be primarily of a hydrodynamic origin. On basis of the boundary layer theory and the convective diffusion equation a simple quantitative estimate can be made of the influence of a (partial) rigidification of the interface on the transfer process.

Measurement of Concentrations near an Interface during Liquid-Liquid Mass Transfer

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of Concentrations near an Interface during Liquid-Liquid Mass TransferB. A. Bogue, A. Myerson, and D. J. KirwanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1975, 14, 3, 282Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/i160055a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (116 KB) Get e-Alerts

Measurement of Concentrations near an Interface during Liquid-Liquid Mass Transfer

Measurement of Concentrations near an Interface during Liquid-Liquid Mass Transfer

The effect of surface active agents on liquid‐liquid mass transfer rates

AbstractAn interferometric investigation of the transfer of n‐ and iso‐butyl alcohols from water to carbon tetrachloride revealed the existence of large interfacial resistances (500 to 2,500 sec./cm.) attributable to the presence of surface active agents. Evidence of a solute‐surfactant interaction has been obtained with sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate, but the effect appears to be much less pronounced with the shorter chain length surfactant or with the branched chain alcohol.

On the mechanism of liquid—liquid mass transfer in a turbulent flow field

On the basis of Kolmogoroff's theory of local turbulent isotropy, an attempt is made to describe quantitatively the mass transfer process in liquid—liquid dispersion systems. On condition that the mass transfer resistance is located in the continuous phase, equations are developed for the two extreme cases: (a) when the liquid drops behave like rigid spheres and (b) when its surface is perfectly mobile. The assumption made, that the break-up- coalescence process does not affect the transfer mechanism is confirmed by the results of the extraction experiments in high turbulent pipe flow. It is noticed that the mechanism considered can be also extended to other similar cases of liquid-liquid mass transfer processes when turbulent isotropic flow field is realized.

The effect of concentration driving force on liquid-liquid mass transfer

The enhancement of the rate of mass transfer due to concentration driving force-induced interfacial turbulence has been investigated in several typical liquid-liquid systems. The three solvent pairs studied were: isobutanol-water, 85 volume % tributyl phosphate (TBP) in n-hexane-water, and 85 volume % tributyl phosphate in carbon tetrachloride-water. Nitric acid was the solute in all three systems. The experiments were conducted in an unbaffled stirred-vessel extractor operated as a steady state continuous flow device. The stirring speed was 72 rev/min for all experiments. For all the systems transfer from the organic to the aqueous phase was unstable. The over-all mass transfer coefficient increased sharply by factors of 1·5–4 as the driving force was increased. Transfer from aqueous to organic was stable, except for the TBP-n-hexane system where the mass transfer coefficient increased at high driving forces. The transfer coefficient was found to depend only on the concentration driving force, except for the TBP-hexane system where it appeared to be a function of concentration level as well as driving force. The results were consistent with the qualitative features of Marangoni instability, although several aspects of the data could not be explained on this basis.

The effect of interfacial films on mass transfer rates in liquid-liquid extraction

An investigation of ”interfacial resistances“ has shown that the liquid-liquid mass transfer rate in a stirred cell is reduced in the presence of both soluble and insoluble surface-active agents. For 200 r.p.m. stirring in each liquid phase the over-all coefficient, calculated on the basis of the water film, for the transfer of isopropyl alcohol from water to benzene was decreased from 6 × 10 −4 to 1·3 × 10 −4 cm/sec by the presence of a plasma albumin protein film of surface concentration 1·3 mg/m 2. This was the maximum reduction obtainable for all protein film concentrations and signifies the presence of an interfacial film strong enough to prevent ”surface renewal“. A ”surface clearing model“ is used to explain the effect of film strength (as measured by the surface modulus of compressibility) on surface renewal, and therefore on the mass transfer rate. Both film strength and rate of transfer were dependent on the type of aqueous substrate on which the protein film was spread. Substrates used with the benzene-water- isopropyl alcohol system were redistilled water, tap water, 0·01 N sodium hydroxide and 0·01 N hydrochloric acid. Similar results were obtained with the ethyl acetate-water system for the effect of plasma albumin films on the rate of solution of ethyl acetate in the water, using both redistilled water and tap water as substrates. For both of these systems measurements of the interfacial viscosity of the surface film indicated that this property had no direct effect on the transfer process. The effect of surface-active films on mass transfer rates has been further studied through a smaller number of experiments, including the spreading of an acid resistant protein (porcine mucosa pepsin) for acetic acid transferring from water to benzene, and also the spreading of films of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and of octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride for the benzene-water- isopropyl alcohol system.

Molecular diffusion and liquid-liquid mass transfer in stirred transfer cells

Two stirred transfer cells were used for studying the rate of mass transfer across an interface between two liquid phases, in order to investigate the influence of molecular diffusion on the mass transfer. The systems ethyl acetate-water and n-butanol-water at 25 °C provided a wide range of diffusion values. The relationship between mass transfer coefficients and the variables was obtained by dimensional analysis. The comparison of observed and calculated results shows that the difference is not significant. A new turbulent transfer hypothesis is suggested. The concept of additivity of film resistances seems to be valid for the transfer of the solutes studied between water and iso-butanol.