Industrial Liquid Waste Research Articles

Kualitas Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Berdasarkan Parameter BOD, pH, COD dan TSS di Kelurahan Bara-Baraya Timur Kota Makassar

Tofu industrial liquid waste contains high organic matter, if it is discharged into the environment without being processed first, it will have a negative impact in the form of environmental pollution. Currently, most of the tofu industry is still a small household scale industry, for example in Bara-baraya one of the tofu industries is not equipped with a wastewater treatment unit. The Bara-baraya tofu industry is located right in the middle of a residential area, so this can cause disturbance to the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the quality of the tofu industrial wastewater in the Bara-Baraya Timur Village, Makassar City in terms of pH, BOD, COD, and TSS parameters. The type of research used is observational research with a descriptive approach. The method of examining samples from the parameters of BOD, COD, TSS and pH in the tofu industrial wastewater refers to the SNI for water quality testing methods and is examined at the Makassar Health Laboratory Center. The results of the inspection of the quality of tofu waste water compared to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5/2014 are the pH parameter 3.85 (not eligible), COD parameter 499 mg/L (not eligible), TSS parameter 4.777.50 mg/L (not eligible), and BOD parameters 1.771.88 mg/L (not eligible). The conclusion in this study is the quality of tofu wastewater in waste samples that have not undergone treatment at the wastewater treatment plant (IPAL) located in the tofu industry located in RW 4, Bara-Baraya Village, Makassar City, does not meet the requirements and exceeds the quality standards that have been set. determined by the government so that it can cause pollution to the surrounding environment.

Efficient removal of Ba2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ by an ethylammonium-templated indium sulfide ion exchanger

Removal of radioactive 133Ba, 60Co and 63Ni and their nonradioactive isotopes through ion exchange method would be highly beneficial for the safe disposal of liquid industrial waste, and it also bears importance for the emergency response to nuclear accident. Herein, we report the employment of an indium sulfide [CH3CH2NH3]6In8S15 (InS-2) with exchangeable ethylammonium cations for efficient and selective uptake of Ba2+, Co2+ and Ni2+. The corner-sharing linkage of P1-{In8S17} clusters in InS-2 endow the layered structure with nanoscale windows, which facilitates both transfer and accommodation of the large hydrated divalent metal ions. This results in ultrafast exchange kinetics (10–20 min) and top-level exchange capacities of 211.73 mg g−1 for Ba2+, 103.57 mg g−1 for Co2+, and 111.78 mg g−1 for Ni2+. Particularly, InS-2 achieves ultrahigh Kd values of 2.3 × 105 mL g−1 for Ba2+, 2.0 × 105 mL g−1 for Co2+ and 1.6 × 105 mL g−1 for Ni2+, corresponding to remarkable removal efficiencies larger than 99.4% (C0 ~ 6 ppm). InS-2 shows high β and γ irradiation resistance, wide pH durability (pH 3–13 for Ba2+, pH 3–11 for Co2+ and Ni2+), and outstanding selectivity against competitor ions (e.g. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+). The InS-2-filled ion exchange column exhibits a fantastic removal effect (R > 99%) for mixed Ba2+, Co2+, Ni2+, as well as Sr2+. The ultralong column-treatment on 20000 BVs of flow reveals an affinity order of Co2+ > Ni2+ > Ba2+ > Sr2+ for InS-2, which gives deep insights into the adsorption process and interaction between competitor ions. This excellent uptake of Ba2+ (Ra by analogy), Co2+ and Ni2+ ions by InS-2 highlights the great potential of metal chalcogenides as a type of promising materials for minimizing contamination in complex wastewater.

PENGARUH JENIS BIOAKTIVATOR DALAM PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH PASAR, DAUN KERING DAN AMPAS TAHU

Organic fertilizers contain a lot of residual organic matter that has been decomposed and is ready for consumption by plants. The raw materials for organic liquid fertilizer used in this study were market waste, dry leaves, and the addition of three bio activators (tofu wastewater, Stardec, and EM4). The selection of tofu liquid waste is done because it is easy to obtain, cheap, and reduces environmental pollution. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the quality and quality of the manufacture of liquid fertilizer using the tofu industry's liquid waste bio activator compared to other bio activators. The method used in this research is the experimental manufacture of liquid fertilizer with anaerobic fermentation, which is then applied to the growth of kale. The results of this study are the quality and quality of the manufacture of liquid fertilizer using a liquid waste bio activator tofu industry is quite good, although it still does not meet the minimum Technical Requirements for Organic Fertilizer standards issued by the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 261/KPTS/SR.310/M /4/2019. This can be seen from the average height of the kale plant which is not much different from the use of popular bio activators on the market (EM4 and Stardec), where the average height yield is 6.72 cm on the seventh day .

Pengembangan Booklet Pengolahan Limbah Industri Tahu Menggunakan SSF-Wetlands dengan Tanaman Eceng Gondok

Liquid waste generated from the tofu industry contains organic substances, namely 40%-60% protein, 25%-50% carbohydrates, 10% fat, and other suspended solids that can undergo physical, chemical, and biological changes to produce toxic substances. To overcome the pollution caused by the disposal of industrial liquid waste, research on the development of a tofu industrial waste treatment booklet using subsurface flow-wetlands was carried out with water hyacinth plants. This aims to improve the understanding and skills of tofu industry owners so that tofu industry owners can practice on their own about tofu industrial waste treatment after reading the booklet. This research method uses the Thiagarajan media development model, there are 4 stages, namely: definition, design, development, and disseminate. However, this research was carried out only until the development stage. The results of the validation assessment validation test from material experts obtained an assessment percentage of 86% and media experts obtained an assessment percentage of 82.85% with the achievement criteria being very suitable or very valid according to the BSNP criteria. In conclusion, the booklet developed has very interesting qualifications, is very appropriate, and is effective, and has few revisions. so that the booklet media is suitable to be used and disseminated as a media for outreach to the owners of the tofu industry.

Kriteria Prioritas Pemilihan Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tempe

The location of tempe processing adjacent to the settlement causes 
 problems. The resulting liquid waste makes people uncomfortable. This 
 is presumably because the liquid waste has not been managed properly, 
 because it is only dumped into the drainage channel. The majority of 
 tempe industrial entrepreneurs are home industries who are not aware of creating a healthy environment by paying attention to liquid waste 
 processing. There are many studies on technology for the tempe 
 industrial wastewater problem, but each technology has advantages and 
 disadvantages. It is necessary to have a system to choose the technology 
 that suits the waste conditions. This research takes a case study in 
 Karanganyar Regency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method 
 is a method of determining priority scale that can accommodate all 
 aspects. Furthermore, a sequence of criteria can be arranged as needed. 
 The results of the analysis with AHP are: technology criteria 31.09%; 
 environment 28.65%; economic 21.74% and social 18.53%. 
 Environmental sub-criteria showed the results of the removal of 
 ammonia 40.56%; treated water quality 30.74%; the amount of mud is 
 18.91% and the emission level is 9.80%. Technology sub-criteria are 
 ease of operation 28.67%; land area requirement 28.56%; service life of 
 28.05% and the potential of technology in the midification of 14.72%.
 Economic sub-criteria with the results of operating costs 34.21%; 
 installation cost 33.28%; maintenance costs 23.78% and HR costs 
 8.73%. Social sub-criteria with the results of the need for employment of 49.10%; readiness of human resources 19.33%; implementation of 
 construction 16.74% and aesthetics 14.82%. The results of the AHP can 
 be used as input for tempe entrepreneurs, the government and the 
 community to improve the environmental quality of the tempe industrial wastewater. It is hoped that entrepreneurs will find it easier to determine the appropriate technology to treat the tempe industrial liquid waste.

Groundwater deterioration in Akhmim District, Upper Egypt: A Remote Sensing and GIS investigation approach

Groundwater has a special significance in Akhmim area as it is used mainly in various purposes. However, groundwater is currently threatened by pollution from different sources. Therefore, detailed field investigations, in addition to Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing techniques are integrated to study the main sources of deterioration in groundwater quality and proposing practical solutions for mitigation and remediation. Based on the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and physicochemical analysis of groundwater samples, areas that contribute to groundwater deterioration have been identified. The results showed that the main causes of groundwater deterioration are the use of sewage rooms and injection wells to get rid of sewage especially in rural areas and scattered settlements, discharging liquid industrial wastes into the ground without proper treatment, the random exploitation of groundwater, and the use of wastewater in agriculture in a random manner. The results of the physicochemical analysis of groundwater samples confirmed the sources of deterioration identified by satellite images and field studies. To avoid groundwater degradation, strict restrictions need to be applied on the use of untreated or treated wastewater for irrigation, sewage networks have to be established in all residential areas, and factories must treat wastewater before discharging it.

Monitoring the content of PAHs in the former sludge dump near the Seversky Donets River

The concentration of industrial waste at specialized landfills often leads to forming a point source of pollution including the one with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in adjacent territories and environments. In this study, the level of 16 priority PAHs in technoginically formed sediments (TFS) of the former landfill for liquid industrial waste (LIW) was determined. The PAHs determination was performed using a new ecologically green subcritical water extraction method. The total PAHs content remains high and does not meet the main generally recognized standards after 30 years of closure of the landfill. The level of total PAHs content in the TFS of monitoring sites No.1 and No.2 were 6438.5 ± 75.9 μg kg-1 and 6015.6 ± 57.6 μg kg-1, respectively. These values indicate a high degree of PAHs contamination in both sites No. 1 and No.2. The total content of PAHs in TFS of the monitoring site No.3 was 1.5-1.6 times higher than in the rest of the studied sites (9509.6 ± 112.4 μg kg-1) indicating an extremely high degree of pollution in this area. Thus, the total content of priority polyarenes showed an extremely high degree of PAHs contamination in the former sludge dump near the Seversky Donets River.

Design and Development of a Website-based Palm Oil Industry Liquid Waste Monitoring System

Liquid waste produced by palm oil mills needs to be monitored regularly to avoid pollution and negative impacts of waste before being discharged into rivers. Monitoring of pollution levels of palm oil effluent is carried out in wastewater disposal ponds. In this study, a website-based prototype of a palm oil effluent monitoring system was designed and built. This prototype monitors the level of pollution of liquid waste in the liquid waste disposal pond. Monitoring the level of pollution of this liquid waste takes a sample of waste at one of the palm oil mills located in Kuantan Singingi, Riau. This research uses a pH sensor and a water turbidity sensor. Provision of calcium oxide is carried out if the level of acidity of the liquid waste and the level of turbidity of the liquid waste is in poor condition. The measurement results are then displayed directly on the website that was built. From the results of field tests, it was found that the liquid waste is very acidic, so it is necessary to add calcium oxide to reduce the acid content.

Effects of ultrasound and process parameters on the precipitation of CaCO3 polymorphs from synthetic soda ash industry liquid waste

In this study, calcium carbonate has been produced continuously using synthetic soda ash industry liquid waste with different process variables. The effect of process variables such as gas flow rate (1000 to 4000 ml/min), waste liquid flow rate (80 to 280 ml/min), CO2 concentration (20% to 40%), ultrasonic probe area (2.83 to 4.90 cm2), ultrasonic probe immersion depth (2/3 h to 1/2 h), ultrasonic power (0% to 70%), and reaction temperature (30°C to 50°C) on product quality was investigated by using D-optimal design. According to the experimental results, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) having different particle sizes (D (4:3)) ranging from 2.9 µm to 8.7 µm was obtained. It was observed that crystal structure of product is highly dependent on the pH of reaction medium. While vaterite and aragonite crystal structure were formed at low pH values, calcite crystal structure was formed at higher pH values. Particle size decreases when ultrasound power applied at 35% when compared to silent reactions. Overall, precipitated CaCO3 with desired particle size and crystal type can be produced by controlling the process variables. The CaCO3 was produced in amounts ranging from 3.4 g to 11 g depending on the experimental conditions.

Produksi Material Enrico-Fermi (Memperkaya Kandungan Nitrogen Pada Pupuk Organik Dari Hasil Produk Samping Penyulingan Minyak Nilam)

Utilization of distilled patchouli waste is still very limited, so to optimize it, research is carried out on the manufacture of granule compost from patchouli solid waste trough 3 stages of activity. First aerobic fermentation process of Aceh Jaya patchouli solid waste with variations in the ratio of patchouli solid waste and tofu industrial liquid waste used, namely 1:1; 1:3; and 1:5 then the ratio between waste and bioactivator EM4 is 1:3%; 1:5%; and 1:7%. The second process of Enrico-Fermi fertilizer granulation using granule adhesive, namely tapioca flour with the ratio between Enrico-Fermi fertilizer and adhesive material is 2:1. The three processes of testing the Enrico-Fermi material on patchouli plant growth. The results showed that the highest NPK content in the Enrico-Fermi fertilizer was obtained at the ratio between patchouli waste and tofu liquid waste, namely 1:3 and the addition of EM4 with 7% EM-4 concentrations, namely 5.83% nitrogen, 1.91% phosphorus. and 3.46% potassium. The yield of Enrico-Fermi granule fertilizer was 71.43%. The response of plants to Enrico-Fermi fertilizer resulted in an increase in plant stem height of 5.7 cm, 16 leaves and 3 branches.

Experimental study of emissions in single-cylinder diesel engine operating with diesel-biodiesel blends of palm oil-sunflower oil and ethanol

This study investigates an alternative fuel methodology for diesel engines that focus on the influence of ethanol as an additive agent in biodiesel blends derived from the industrial liquid waste of palm oil and sunflower oil residues. Specifically, the study addresses relevant aspects of the combustion performance and emissions characteristics in a single-cylinder diesel engine. For the experimental development, four different fuels were tested: commercial diesel, a blend of biodiesel formed from the residual material of palm oil and sunflower oil (PB3SB2), two blends with an addition of 2%, and 4% ethanol in the biodiesel produced (PB3SB2E2 and PB3SB2E4). The engine operated under nine different operation modes following international testing methodologies. Results indicated that incorporating ethanol in the PB3SB2 biodiesel blend improves thermal efficiency by 0.8%. Increasing the ethanol mixing ratio to 4% provides a further efficiency improvement of up to 1.2%. The emissions analysis showed that the addition of ethanol below 4% in the biodiesel blend facilitates the minimization of pollutant levels of CO, CO2, NOx, HC, and smoke opacity compared to the biodiesel formed by the two residual oils (PB3SB2). Overall, ethanol incorporation reduced emissions levels between 7.5 and 13.87% compared to PB3SB2. In conclusion, integrating biodiesel and ethanol as additive agent emerges as a promising alternative to promote a reliable and sustainable operation in diesel engines.

The Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera L. Seeds as A Biocoagulant in Reducing Liquid Waste of The Soft Drink Industry

The liquid waste of the soft drink industry usually uses as raw materials in the form of sugar as a flavoring with glucose as the main raw material. Thus, it is not surprising that this waste contains a lot of organic materials. Companies generally use an aerobic system to control contamination that may occur due to the high organic content contained in waste. The purpose of this study was to provide another alternative in controlling liquid industrial waste pollution by using natural coagulants in terms of reducing COD, TSS, turbidity, and pH with various doses of moringa seed coagulants. This research was conducted by finding the optimum dose of coagulant in reducing COD, TSS, turbidity and pH values. Based on the research results, the optimum dose obtained was 1.5 grams of moringa seed coagulant which can reduce TSS by 89%, turbidity 65% and COD by 88%. From these results it can be concluded that using the moringa seed coagulant can improve the quality of liquid waste in the soft drink industry. Keywords: moringa seed s, bio coagulant , liquid waste industry, COD, TSS

Uji Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Ikan Teri dan Cumi Kering yang Beredar di Pasar Sambu Medan secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom

Anchovies and squid are some of the most abundant fishery resources in Indonesian waters. There is an increase in the concentration of heavy metals such as lead in marine waters which is caused by industrial waste, both solid and liquid waste, so that marine biota such as anchovies and squid accumulate these heavy metals. The very high level of heavy metal toxicity can have adverse effects on public health. The aim of this study was to determine the lead content and determine the number of levels in dried anchovies and dried squid circulating in Sambu Market, Medan City. This research used the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 283.8 nm. The results showed that dried anchovies and dried squid contained lead with the highest levelsin dried anchovies was 7.04 mg/kg and the levels in dried squid were 6.65 mg/kg. The metal content of lead in dried anchovies and dried squid has exceeded the maximum standard set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI Number 7387 of 2009), namely 0.3 mg/kg in fish and their processed products, while 1.5 mg/kg in mollusks.

Conversion of industrial liquid construction waste with plasma on hydrogen

This paper presents a modern system for conversion with plasma with hydrogen of industrial liquid waste which has implemented a control system through thermoregulatory with PID control laws. Modeling and simulation of thermochemical plasma process performed using specialized software Matlab & Simulink, Ansys allows the optimum control of the temperatures and chemical reactions of the plasma reactor on hydrogen, allowing the conversion of hazardous industrial liquid waste into electrical and thermal energy and useful raw materials that can be reused in the production process.

Effectiveness of Utilization Kerang Dara Shell’s (Andara Granosa) As A Coagulants in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Processing

Andara granosa shell is one of the bivalves that is found in Indonesia. The high level of andara granosa is meat consumption without being followed by right processing of the shells, makes andara granosa shells become a waste that distrupts the environment. Andara granosa is contain a lot of CaCO3 Andara granosa shells contain a lot of CaCO3 which makes it can be used as a coagulant. Shells containing CaCO3 are converted into CaO (Calcite) first by the process of calcination. In this study, calcite was obtained through the process of calcining of andara granosa shells at 800 °C for 4 hours, which was dried and destructed before. The calcite optimization test in andara granosa is done by analyzing the ratio of calcite concentration variation (600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, 1000 ppm) to the decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS values in industrial liquid waste. The test results show the optimal optimal decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS values is at a concentration of 900 ppm with an effectiveness of 80.53%. The relationship between the concentration of coagulant to decrease in BOD value is shown by the equation y = -6.7043x2-50.275x + 599.83 and R2 = 0.9356,% effectiveness of COD 81.16%. The relationship between the concentration of coagulant to decrease in COD value is shown by the equation y = -4.3214x2-130.15 x + 1033.4 and R2 = 0.9492,% effectiveness of TSS 96.10%. The relationship between coagulant concentrations and the decrease in TSS values is shown by the equation y = 32.611x2-304.24x + 697.95 and R2 = 0.9088. Thus calcite with raw material of blood shells can reduce the optimal BOD, COD, and TSS values at a concentration of 900ppm.

Peculiar growth of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K with the addition of untreated tannery wastewater

The fresh untreated tannery wastewater contains high organic and chemical pollutants. This study aims to determine the growth characters of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K in high polluted medium from fresh untreated tannery wastewater. The growth characterization was observed in the solid medium (containing 0;25;50;75 and 100% sterile tannery wastewater) and liquid medium that contained tannery wastewater at 0;25 and 50%). The growth of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K was determined by observing the colony in the agar medium, the optical density (OD600) of the liquid medium, and the cell viability. The growth of the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. LS3K could not be observed at both agar and liquid medium containing tannery wastewater ≥50%. The growth activity could be observed in the agar medium containing 25% tannery wastewater on the second day incubation time. The growth curve was also observed at a liquid medium containing tannery industrial liquid waste at a concentration of 25% during 36 hours of observation. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Pseudomonas sp. LS3K had the potency adapted to live and grow at the medium that contaminated up to 25% fresh tannery wastewater. This strain could be a bioremediation agent of tannery wastewater.

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Agricultural Drainage Water and Industrial Effluents using Cytological Bioassay

The impact of drainage water pollution on the genetic material of bioindicator Allium cepa L. was assessed by cytogenetic analysis. Allium cepa L. was germinated in three samples of drainage water in addition to the Nile water as a control. Waste water used in this study included agriculture drainage water and liquid industrial wastes resulted from chemical fertilizer industry. This study aimed to investigate the cytological effects of drainage water from different resources on root meristems cells of Allium cepa L. Exposure of onion roots to the waste water showed chromosomal abnormalities which was pollution–dependent. Drainage water induced a variety of chromosomal abnormalities which gradually increased in Kfr El – Sheikh drainage water, Menyet El – Nasr drainage water and industrial waste water, respectively. The drainage water discharged in Menyet El – Nasr center and that discharged from chemical fertilizer industry was effective in forming micronuclei, binucleated cell and disturbance of the spindle fibre apparatus due to high concentrations of chemicals present in these drainage wastes. The toxic chemicals present in drainage water were responsible for the observed genotoxic effects. Laggards, sticky chromosomes, anaphase bridge and fragmented chromosomes being the most frequently seen in all treatments with drainage water. Treatment with drainage water decreased mitotic index and increased the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities compared with the control. To conclude, the untreated drainage water mostly contain toxic chemicals leading to mutagenicity. Based on these findings, the bio monitoring investigation and treatment of drainage water before discharging into the environment are needed. Therefore, mutagenicity/ genotoxicity assays must be considered in water quality monitoring programs to avoid the mutagenic hazards of waste waters.

Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption using activated charcoal from banana peel to reduce total suspended solid (TSS) levels in tofu industry liquid waste

The tofu industry is currently growing very rapidly both on a home industry scale and on a factory scale, in the process of making tofu solid and liquid waste are produced. Solid waste is usually used for animal feed, while liquid waste is not treated. Tofu industrial liquid waste contains very high Total Suspended Solid (TSS), if the liquid waste is disposed of directly into the water it can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. One way to reduce pollution is to use activated charcoal from plantain peels as adsorbent. This study aims to determine the appropriate adsorption isotherm model in the absorption process to reduce the level of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of tofu industrial wastewater with variations in the mass of activated charcoal (100 grams; 200 grams and 300 grams) and adsorption time (20 minutes; 40 minutes).; 60 minutes; 80 minutes and 100 minutes). The equation used in the adsorption process is the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation. The experimental results show that the largest TSS value adsorbed by activated charcoal is 200 grams with a contact time of 60 minutes. The suitable equation for determining the maximum adsorption capacity of activated charcoal in the TSS absorption process of tofu industrial wastewater is the equation Freundlich with R2 = 1. The maximum adsorption power of activated charcoal on the TSS absorption of tofu industrial wastewater was 51,8134 mg / L.

Adsorption of Ammonium Ion from Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste by Coconut Shell-Activated Carbon

Liquid waste from tofu industry will flow or discharge into water. It causes pollution which is characterized by unpleasant odor. If this continues, it can damage the environment and threaten the health of the people who inhale the unpleasant odor. Activated carbon is a carbon that is able to adsorb in the liquid phase or gas phase. Activated carbon is the best adsorbent in the adsorption system. The material for activated carbon comes from animals, plants, and waste or minerals that contain carbon. Coconut shell is an ingredient that can be made into activated carbon. Activated carbon from coconut shell has many benefits one of them can adsorb liquid waste from tofu industry. This study aims to examine the ability of coconut shell to adsorben, that have been activated by K2CO3 or HCl activator. In this study given the variation of activated charcoal mass and contact time variations to determine the effect on the ability of activated coconut shell charcoal adsorption on ammonia content in Liquid waste from tofu industry. The results of this study are the greater the mass of activated charcoal and the longer the contact time, the greater the ammonia absorbed by activated charcoal, which indicates that the percent decrease in ammonia concentration is greater

Evaluation of uncertainties in travertine rock mass for the Antalya (Turkey) Metro tunnel excavation

The uncertainty in the measurement of rock mass is largely due to the inherently heterogeneous nature of the rock mass itself. A variety of environmental conditions influence the engineering behaviour of the rock mass. Antalya settlement area is located on the travertine deposits. Travertines were affected by domestic and industrial liquid waste, which was injected directly into the travertine plateau through septic holes in Antalya prior to 2000. This situation resulted in poor engineering properties in travertine rocks, such as high deformation and low strength. It can cause issues in travertine foundation excavations. Determining all engineering parameters, ordering their weights and clarifying their uncertainty effects are especially difficult tasks in tunnel excavations. This paper addresses the most important aspects of the Antalya 3rd Stage Rail System tunnel project and examines the rock mass properties of karstic travertines.