Liquid Glue Research Articles

Preliminary clinical study on endovascular treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms

Objective To study the methods and results of endovascular treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. Methods Twenty-one patients with PICA aneurysms were treated with endovascular treatment. The locations of aneurysm on PICA were evaluated through the DSA. Eight patients received single coil embolization, 5 received liquid Glue embolization, 2 received coil embolization combined with liquid Glue, 2 received coil embolization assisted with stents, and 4 underwent ocelasion of the parent PICA. Outcome was evaluated with the Glasgow outcome scale (COS). Results There were complete (100%) occlusion in 5 patients, near complete (>90% ) occlusion in 2, and incomplete (85%) occlusion in 1 in single coil embolization. Seven patients with Glue embolization (n = 5 ) or combination with coils ( n = 2 ) exhibited complete ( 100% ) occlusion. There were near complete ( >90% ) occlusion in 2 cases with coil assisted with stents. Complete occlusion of the parent PICA was achieved in 3 patients, and near complete occlusion of PICA in one case. One patient suffered from new neurological deficits, and one patient treated with coils and stents died. None of the patients suffered from re-bleeding. These patients received follow-up during a mean period of (22±8) months. Overall long-term outcome was good ( GOS score 4 or 5 ) in 17 patients, poor ( COS score 2 or 3) in 3, and fatal ( GOS score 1 ) in one case. Conclusions According to the location of aneurysms on PICA, aneurysms can be effectively and safely treated with endovaecular embolization. Key words: Intraeranial aneurysm; Embolization, therapeutic; Posterior inferior eerebellar artery

Middle meningeal artery aneurysm associated with meningioma

Middle meningeal artery aneurysm associated with meningioma is extremely rare, and only two cases have previously been reported. In our case, a 72-year-old woman with convexity meningioma underwent preoperative cerebral angiography, which revealed a flow-related aneurysm on the middle meningeal artery. Embolization of the aneurysm was performed with N-butycyanoacrylate glue, and complete obliteration was confirmed under craniotomy. In order to eliminate the risk of preoperative rupture resulting in intracranial hemorrhage, endovascular embolization with liquid glue is safe and effective for this kind of aneurysm.

An uncommon cause of corrosive esophageal injury

We present an unusual case of corrosive esophageal injury following liquid glue ingestion. The endoscopic findings were tissue sloughing and blackened appearance of the esophagogastric junction, due to caustic esophageal injuries following ingestion of glue containing toluene.

Sealing of Gastrointestinal Anastomoses with a Fibrin Glue-Coated Collagen Patch: A Safety Study

Sealing of anastomoses has previously been tested with several methods, including sealing with liquid fibrin glue. Sealing with a collagen patch coated with fibrin glue components has never been systematically examined. The aim of the present study was to determine the safety of sealing gastrointestinal anastomoses with a collagen patch coated with fibrin glue. The study is a prospective, experimental animal study comparing sealed and unsealed gastrointestinal anastomoses. Laparotomy was performed in 11 pigs under general anesthesia. In each pig two anastomoses were performed on the small intestine. One of the anastomoses was sealed with a collagen patch coated with fibrin glue components (TachoSil®). The other anastomosis contained no sealing. The pigs were observed for 1 to 6 weeks. The observation period was followed by in vivo examination under general anesthesia and included observation for anastomotic leakage, signs of present or former peritonitis, abscess, adhesions to the anastomoses, and signs of intestinal obstruction. In addition, the anastomotic diameter was measured with barium and radiography. Finally, bursting pressure was measured in each segment. After the pigs were sacrificed, the bowel segments were microscopically examined. There were no differences between the sealed and the unsealed anastomoses with respect to abdominal pathology, in vivo bursting pressure, or degree of stenosis. The collagen fleeces were in situ in all anastomoses. Microscopically, we found no difference in healing or signs of infection.

Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Technical Note of Endovascular Treatment with Glubran®

New agents of liquid acrylic glue for embolization of brain vascular malformation have made their appearance in the therapeutic arsenal. Among those, we have change using previously (Braun, Aesculap AG, Tuttingen, Germany) to choose (GEM Srl, Viareggio, Italy) in 2003. Since this date, we have used Glubran for around 150 embolizations mostly in bAVM, dural arteriovenous shunt, direct fistulae and exceptionally aneurysms. The fact that Glubran bears the CE trademark with specific indication for neuroradiological endovascular use is very important on the legal point of view even if Histoacryl has been used worldwide by the most experience teams in cerebral vascular malformation endovascular field treatment3. To our experience, and in agreement with experimental works, Glubran does not produce bubbles and seems to diffuse more homogeneously and in a more predictable way than Histoacryl1. The principle of intra nidal embolization with cyanoacrylate remains exactly the same and Glubran does not change the concept of treatment. It requires extensive experience which was acquired with Histoacryl and easily translates with Glubran. All patients are treated under general anaesthesia, a 5 french guiding catheter is used to catheterize the main feeding trunk (flush with saline) and a bolus of 1000 UI of heparin is made intravenously. The heparin is reverse at the end of the embolization. On the technical point of view, there is no difference with Histoacryl except the color of the mixture. We always mixed Glubran with Lipiodol (Guerbet, Aulnay s/s bois, France). The concentration is adapted to the nidus type angio architecture (the size of the nidus and the flow of the shunt). Commonly, we use a concentration between 25 and 50%. We think that experience is very important and that the neuroradiologist must master different concentrations of glue and the different kind of behaviour of the microcatheter 2. Even if we try to control the flow during the injection, the situation of the tip of the microcatheter also influence the concentration of glue. For bAVM, most of the time we use a flow-dependant catheter (1,2 to 1,5 Fr). We try to navigate without guide wire to reach the nidus , and when it is possible in a wedge position. Before injecting the glue, we do a biplane superselective angiography in the projection. The working projection is chosen to allow visual control of the nidus penetration and arterial reflux when the glubran will be deposited. Then we flush the microcatheter with glucose and we inject the glue with a 3cc syringe during a biplane run. The quantity of glue depends of the size of the nidus (0,7 to 2cc), at the end of the injection the operator must aspirate back the glue and rapidly pull the microcatheter inside the guiding catheter. What are the main complications we have to avoid? During the navigation, the operator must be very cautious when using guidewire to prevent any perforation. We preferred not to push the guidewire out of the tip of the microcatheter. Figure 1 A 47-year-old man presenting with a left occipital haematoma. Left internal carotid angiography frontal (A) and lateral view (B): direct arteriovenous fistula fed by the posterior cerebral artery. Supraselective angiography of the fistula (C). Cast of glue injection (D). Control post embolization angiography, lateral view (E). Figure 2 A 3-year-old boy presenting an acute right hemiparesis with left frontal arteriovenous malformation. (A) left carotid artery angiography lateral view, direct arteriovenous fistula fed by the precentral artery. Supraselective angiography, lateral view, direct venous opacification (B). Immediate control post embolization with Glubran (C). One year control post embolization with remodelling of the feeding vessel which has now a normal size (D). During the glue injection, venous penetration must be carefully recognized. In case of single draining vein, this is a dangerous situa-tion and the nidus has to be occluded totally to tion prevent haemorrhagic complication. In case of multiple draining veins, one of them can be occluded without any complication if the upstream nidus is already occluded. Figure 3 A 12-year-old boy presenting with a temporo-occipital haematoma. Left vertebral angiography anteroposterior (A) and lateral view (B), arteriovenous malformation of the right occipital lobe. Supraselective injection frontal (C) and lateral (D) views. Control post embolization (E). The arterial reflux during the glue injection must be mastered to prevent any normal brain artery occlusion. During the withdrawing, we have not had catheter rupture while using Glubran nor gluing the microcatheter in place.

Early Disappearance of Cord Signal Changes following Endovascular Treatment of a Spinal Dural AV Fistula

Spinal dural arterio venous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the commonest type of spinal vascular malformations and are encountered mostly among adult patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with SDAVFs demonstrates features like spinal cord swelling and signal changes. Cord signal changes are believed to be due to venous stasis.Treatment of a spinal vascular malformation may result in complete or partial resolution of MR findings with associated clinical improvement. The earliest documentation of reduction or disappearance of cord signal changes on post treatment MR images, was one month later in one series in the literature.We present and discuss disappearance of cord signal changes on MRI within 72 hours following endovascular treatment by liquid glue injection in a patient with SDAVF.

Comparative evaluation of absorbable hemostats: advantages of fibrin-based sheets

Bioactive hemostats and wound dressings consist of either inherently active materials or act as delivery vehicles which contain such materials. Fibrin is a natural hemostat and scaffold, guiding the direction of wound contraction and closure. In order to improve the ease of application of liquid fibrin glue, we have made a freeze-dried form of polymerized fibrin that supports hemostasis and wound healing. The bleeding from the middle ear artery of rabbits was found to be arrested instantaneously on application of fibrin sheets, even when the animal was heparinized systemically. As the fibrin sheet was found to be fragile, gelatin was incorporated to the sheet and thus the mechanical stability was improved without compromising the hemostatic effect. The efficacy of the fabricated fibrin and fibrin–gelatin sheets to seal traumatized rat liver was compared with commercially available hemostats, Abgel (cross-linked gelatin) and Surgicel (cross-linked cellulose). Tissue compatibility of all the hemostats was studied by analyzing the liver tissue 15 days after application. While the hemostatic effect was best with fibrin and fibrin–gelatin sheets, both Surgicel and Abgel were not capable of arresting the bleeding quickly. Gross analysis of tissue on the 15th day of application, visibly, Abgel was not only degraded but resulted in severe adhesions of internal organs and histologically capsule formation around the implant was evident. Though Surgicel was also seen as cream soft material on the site of application that joined two pieces of liver, there was no adhesion of other internal organs and histologically, immune reaction and foreign-body-type giant cells were present in large amounts. Fibrin was not found grossly on application site whereas fibrin–gelatin was seen as a small white spot. Granulation tissue formation and cell migration into the fibrin-based sheets were evident, and therefore, fibrin-based sheets are not only efficient hemostats but showed optimum degradation and wound healing.

Effective control of oozing from remnant tissue after partial nephrectomy, using fibrin tissue‐adhesive collagen fleece

A 76‐year‐old man had complained of vomiting and diarrhea. A low echoic mass shown by abdominal ultrasonography with a clear margin in the right kidney was revealed. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a mass containing granular vascularity that was 18 mm in diameter and was protruding from the dorsal aspect of the kidney. He was diagnosed as having an encapsulated right renal cell carcinoma (T1N0M0, stage I). Partial nephrectomy was conducted as his renal function was poor. This was indicated by a preoperative creatinine clearance of 44.4 mL/min. After the resection of the tumour, the haemorrhage from the renal parenchyma did not stop by suturing. To control the oozing from the resection surface by electrical coagulation, liquid fibrin glue and powdered fibrin glue was used, however it was not successful. Thus, we decided to use fibrin tissue‐adhesive collagen fleece (FTCF, TachoComb; Nycomed Pharma, Linz, Austria). The FTCF was placed on the resection surface and a pressure was applied to it for 5 min; oozing stopped completely. The use of FTCF contributed to the preservation renal function as there was no need to keep the seams as compared with suturing. The usefulness of FTCF in the partial nephrectomy is discussed in the present case report.

Endovascular Treatment of a Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm with N-butyl Cyanoacrylate

Aneurysms arising from lenticulostriate artery branches in moyamoya-type disease are challenging lesions to treat, due to their fragility and deep location. Surgery is difficult and endovascular options may be limited. A 57-year-old woman presented with a right ganglionic parenchymal hemorrhage due to a ruptured lenticulostriate artery aneurysm associated with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. The aneurysm and parent feeding artery were occluded using endovascular injection of N-butyl cyanoacrylate. The aneurysm was successfully obliterated and although some glue did enter the more distal middle cerebral artery, there was no change in the patient's neurologic status. In highly selected cases where lenticulostriate aneurysms cannot be directly accessed for surgery or endovascular coiling, obliteration with liquid acrylic glue may be considered as a therapeutic option.

Innovative Klebung der Milz in der minimal invasiven Kinderchirurgie

Innovative Sealing of the Spleen in Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery ‘Surgical inviolability’ characterizes surgery on the spleen – also in the era of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The organ’s immunological value was recognized gradually and therewith also the importance of conserving the organ. Imaging techniques, which are used for follow-up, effected more conservative, conserving regimens while, in the end, surgical advances in tissue management led to conserving MIS procedures. Tissue sealing is an essential tool for MIS organ conservation and can be carried out in various forms. Experimental evaluation of fleece-bound sealing (ready-to-use vs on-spot) demonstrated a significantly higher adhesive strength for collagen fleeces that are ready-coated with a fibrinogen-based sealant (TachoComb^(r)) than carrier systems which are impregnated by hand with liquid fibrin glue (50.2 vs 23.0 hPa, p < 0.0001). Pure liquid sealing exhibits a surprisingly low adhesive strength (4.1 hPa) and should not be employed on stressed surfaces. The development of an applicator for implementing fleece-bound sealing in MIS was necessary in order to carry out large-area hemostasis/sealing of organs with variable topography. The 10/12-mm instrument, AMISA, is adjustable thanks to its Bowden mechanics and the jib which holds the fleece; it can be completely rotated and swivelled, with degrees of freedom of 2 ×130°. We studied a pediatric collective (University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, 1993 to 2000, 192 patients, mean age 12.2 years) with blunt abdominal trauma, 80 of these patients having splenic trauma. In general, we performed surgery on 25 of these children (31,3%) and of this group; 29.6% had isolated splenic trauma requiring surgery (88.2% MIS), and 39.1% had additional multitraumatization (22.2% MIS). MIS management of the spleen was always carried out with the aid of the AMISA and fleece-bound sealing. Splenectomy was not necessary in that collective, and the patients’ postoperative courses were without complications. The mean stay in hospital was 11 days. Innovative fleece-bound tissue sealing has made it possible to distinctly expand the indications for MIS, and in operable situations in the scope of emergency laparoscopy, this type of sealing can be employed successfully for the management of splenic ruptures.

Popliteal artery occlusion as a late complication of liquid acrylate embolization for cerebral vascular malformation

Occlusion of arteriovenous malformations of the brain (BAVMs) by means of an endovascular approach with liquid acrylate glue is an established treatment modality. The specific hazards of this procedure are related to the central nervous system. In the case of unexpectedly rapid polymerization of the cyanoacrylate glue and adhesion of the delivering microcatheter to the BAVM, severing the catheter at the site of vascular access is considered an acceptable and safe management. We present a unique complication related to this technique that has not been described yet. Fragmentation and migration of the microcatheter, originally left in place, had caused popliteal artery occlusion, which required saphenous vein interposition, in a 25-year-old man. Suggestions for avoiding this complication are discussed. (J Vasc Surg 1999;29:561-5.)

Effect of sodium on deposition in a simulated combustion gas turbine environment

The effect of gas phase alkali concentration on the adhesion properties of micronized coal has been studied using a laboratory-scale entrained reactor capable of accelerating the combustion products of an injected coal-air mixture to the velocities observed in a combustion gas turbine. Alkali metal sulfates are reputed to act as liquid glue binders which promote inorganic deposit formation under these conditions. In this study, the concentration of alkali was varied by utilizing a series of naturally occurring coals (Arkwright Pittsburgh bituminous, Spring Creek Montana subbituminous, and North Dakota lignite), and by doping Arkwright coal samples with sodium benzoate. Measured sticking coefficients (i.e., the mass fraction of incident ash which sticks to a deposition target) obtained from this series exhibited trends consistent with the glue hypothesis and with the amount of liquid phase sodium sulfate predicted by equilibrium thermodynamic and vapor deposition rate calculations. Thus, between the melting point and dew point of sodium sulfate, higher sodium concentrations in the coal feed resulted in enhanced sticking. Below the sulfate melting point, the sodium concentration had no effect. These measurements provide a confirmation of the glue-like behavior of sodium sulfate in enhancing deposition rates and represent the first successful probing of themore » effect of an individual element upon the properties of fly ash originating from natural and chemically doped fuels under gas turbine combustor temperature and velocity conditions.« less

Repair of a Side Chair with Perforated Plywood Seat

The repair of a mahogany side chair with a perforated, bent plywood seat is detailed.Broken fragments of the seat were rejoined by pushing the parts up into a tentlike formation and pressing them down so that the fractures would mesh. Based on six specific requirements of the adhesive needed for this repair, a survey of over 300 different glues was conducted, and a list of some 40 possibilities was established. After tests were made to determine the rate of shrinkage, an aliphatic liquid glue was injected into the fractures flexed into place. The voids in the seat were filled with thin pieces of plywood of which the top ply was replaced with mahogany veneer, which was fitted and glued in. The replacements were stained, finished with shellac and rubbed down with paraffin oil. Many small lacunae were filled with a colored synthetic wax. A perforated plywood support, a former repair, was removed from beneath the seat, but the underside of the chair was left as found.

A Practical Field Method for the Preservation of Soil Profiles from Archaeological Cuts

AbstractA method is presented by which sections of soil profiles are preserved through the use of liquid casein glue. The method may be used in most soils encountered by the archaeologist, and requires only materials frequently to be found in the archaeological field camp.

Vegetable Glues

Abstract This paper gives essential information about vegetable glues and the gluing of wood with them, considering veneer glue, joint glue, and liquid glue. There have been recent developments in vegetable joint and liquid glues that are not generally known, and the paper covers these in a practical rather than in a technical manner, intending to be of assistance in commercial operations. Vegetable glue is any adhesive made from a base or substance of vegetable matter. The paper describes vegetable glue that has a carbohydrate as its base and is a practical vegetable glue for use in the woodworking industries.

Manufacture and Uses of Fish Glue

Abstract This paper briefly describes the process used in the manufacture of liquid fish glue. It also mentions the field of application of this glue and the technique for using it.

Determination of water content of liquid glue

Determination of water content of liquid glue

Examination of Liquid Glue

Examination of Liquid Glue

A NEW METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL

A mother recently brought her daughter, aged 9, to me for the removal of a cherry seed in the right ear canal, which had been there for ten months. Various attempts at removal during this time had failed, and the youngster was quite sensitive with regard to any manipulation about the ear. A smooth, round, large cherry pit could be seen, which entirely filled the auditory canal, and was movable, but stayed close to the drum. Sudden movement of the head produced dizziness and a slight nausea, but no nystagmus. The mother's description of previous unsuccessful attempts to remove this foreign body induced me to try a new method. I dipped a camel's hair brush in liquid glue and held it firmly against the cherry pit for a minute or two. Apparently, the warmth of the ear canal prevented the glue from setting, as there was no cohesion whatever. Next

Liquid Glue for Mounting Plants, Etc.

Liquid Glue for Mounting Plants, Etc.