Liquid Fertilizer Research Articles

Identification of patterns of the stress-strain state of a standard plastic tank for liquid mineral fertilizers

In this study, using the method of probabilistic deterministic planning (PDP), the optimum design parameters of a standard polyethylene tank used worldwide for transporting liquid mineral fertilizers (LMF) were determined. By the finite element method, the effect of the density of liquid mineral fertilizer, tank wall thickness and four motion modes (braking, acceleration, jump and landing) on the strength of standard polyethylene tanks was studied. According to the results of the study, the five most informative areas in the tank design were identified, for which the values of maximum stresses (σmax) were obtained: filler neck, pockets, walls, tap-in points and wall transition to the tank roof. As the LMF density increases, σmax in the tank increases linearly. Increasing the tank wall thickness by 1.5 times reduces the maximum stresses by 30 to 50 %. It was found that motion mode has a significant effect on the stress-strain state of a standard tank. The “heaviest” mode for a standard tank is “braking”. The “acceleration” motion mode causes σmax of no more than 60 % of the “braking” mode values. The “lightest” mode is “landing”, in which σmax is no more than 28 % relative to “braking”. Based on the PDP method, equations were derived for calculating maximum stresses depending on LMF density, wall thickness and motion mode of the tank. Nomograms were built that make it possible to quickly determine the wall thickness of a standard tank without calculations, depending on external factors. The results of the study can be used in practice when designing safe and durable tanks for transporting liquid mineral fertilizers.

Efektifitas pupuk organic cair limbah sajen (limbah sayuran dan tajin) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai (capsicum annum l)

Background: Consumption green vegetables domestic is so high because of an awareness to start healthy live, it will generate green vegetable waste of a leaf that is not cooked because it is eaten caterpillar or vegetable stale that are not suitable consumption at home. Besides green vegetable waste, in the house also produced waste water from washing rice ( tajin ), basically Indonesian always eats rice, hence waste water from washing rice ( tajin ) will be produced every day. Conclusion: Waste water from washing rice ( tajin ) cause many spent, while green vegetable waste will cause pollution smell to the environment. Solution the both of waste has liquid organik fertilizer is making green vegetable waste and waste water from washing rice that can increase the growth of plants. Methods: A method of writing that is used is carried out the identification of a problem, study of literature, an analysis of the potential, design and strategy. Findings: The treatment aims to understand the organik fertilizers green vegetable waste and waste water from washing rice can increase the higher of plants and the leaves of red chili.

曲柄摇杆式深施机构的设计与施肥性能试验研究

In response to the poor fertilization performance of the deep application mechanism of the deep application liquid fertilizer applicator under multiple parameters, the fertilization variation of the crank rocker deep application mechanism under multiple working parameters is explored. To obtain the fertilization variation of the crank rocker deep application mechanism, a fertilization performance test bench for the crank rocker deep application mechanism is developed. On this test bench, the crank speed, liquid pump pressure, and spray hole diameter are used as experimental factors, and fertilizer application rate is used as experimental indicators. A composite design scheme of rotation center is adopted to establish a relationship model and response surface diagram between experimental influencing factors and influencing indicators. Design Expert 8.0.10 software is used to analyze and optimize the experimental data. The optimal results are a crank speed of 145.80 r/min, a liquid pump pressure of 0.25 MPa, a spray hole diameter of 3.02 mm, a fertilizer application rate of 28.6 mL, and a fertilizer loss rate of 1.9%. At this time, the fertilization performance of the mechanism is optimal. This parameter combination is applied for testing and verification to verify its rationality. The results can ensure that the crank rocker deep application mechanism has good working performance when working under multiple parameters, providing theoretical reference for designing deep application liquid fertilizer machines with simple structure and optimal fertilization performance.

Global Warming Mitigation Innovation Through Household Waste Management Becomes Eco-Enzyme: A Review

The dumping of fruit and vegetable waste into landfills contributes to an increase in methane gas that contributes to global warming. Waste materials in the form of fruits and vegetables can be used and processed into eco-enzymes. Fermented waste enzymes have a variety of benefits and add value to materials that have been tended to be wasted. This environmentally friendly enzyme has been utilized ranging from disinfectants, floor cleaners, dishwashers to liquid organic fertilizers. The production of eco-enzymes in addition to being able to reduce the volume of household waste, also contributes to the reduction of methane gas. During the fermentation process produces O3 (ozone) which is beneficial in maintaining ozone content in the atmosphere. This means that eco-enzyme production becomes an innovation in mitigating global warming from the household level. The manufacture of eco-enzymes is an effort to provide economic value to waste that has a positive impact on the environment and is a step to maximize the utilization of natural resources better known as circular economies. The advantages of eco-enzyme production in the short term are the ability to maximize raw materials and provide economic value and reduce the cost of handling household waste.

Chromium removal from concentrated ammonium-nitrate solution: Electrocoagulation with iron in a plug-flow reactor

Highly concentrated ammonium nitrate (AN) solutions are characteristic of explosives manufacturing wastewaters and liquid fertilizer commodities, but chromium (Cr) contamination from corroding metal infrastructure or source impurities can pose problems. Technologies are needed to decontaminate AN from Cr without chemical alterations if AN is to be recovered as a resource. Iron-based electrocoagulation is a proven way to produce Fe(II) for reducing dissolved Cr(VI) to the less soluble and less toxic form of Cr(III), but is an untested technology for AN brines. This work examined Cr removal from synthetic wastewater with high concentrations of AN (400 g/L) by electrocoagulation in a flow-through reactor, where the effects of time, solution flow rate, applied current, and coexisting ions were analyzed. This method not only reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III) using the produced Fe(II), but also promotes complete Cr removal from solution with the formation of insoluble Fe-Cr precipitates. A slower flow rate and higher applied current increased the removal efficiency of the reactor; furthermore, the reactor took up to one hour to reach steady state conditions, depending on the flow rate. Cr concentrations along the anode length were modeled using a simplified advection–dispersion-reaction model, providing reaction rate coefficients for various flow rates and currents. Overall, the results of this work showed that electrocoagulation with iron can be used for treatment of AN solution contaminated with Cr(VI). This work also provides design guidelines with a corresponding model for field applications in future work.

Estimating the global warming potential of animal waste-based organic liquid fertilizer for urban hydroponic farms

Urban farms, particularly those utilizing vertical space and hydroponics, have the potential to address many challenges of the existing food system. The use of organic inputs in hydroponics can conserve dwindling non-renewable resources and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer production and use. The study compared plant growth using organic liquid fertilizer (OLF) from insect and chicken waste in a two-step aerobic bioreactor. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants were grown with an inorganic fertilizer control and a novel OLF at two separate locations. In the first part of the study, plant yield, nutrient uptake and tissue elemental composition were used to validate the functional equivalency of OLF versus inorganic fertilizer. The second part of the study used these results to conduct a life-cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify GHG mitigation potential of the novel OLF. N-mass balance showed a liquid nitrogen conversion rate ∼40% for the bioreaction. Solid output from the bioreaction contained approximately 35% of the initial N. N-gaseous loss was approximately 25% of total N-input. Because the nature of gaseous N-loss was unknown, LCA modeled different scenarios varying the percent of gaseous N-loss as N2O, as it is the only nitrogen-based gas with appreciable global warming potential. Models showed that N2O leakage during bioreaction must be below 5% of total N-input for OLF to mitigate GHG emissions associated with fertilizer usage in urban hydroponic production. Further studies should focus on direct quantification and characterization of gaseous N-loss during this type of bioreaction.

Humic Substances for the Productio1n of Liquid Fertilizer

Objective: This study sought to determine the best stabilizers for the HS extract and to evaluate the resulting extract in the semi-hydroponic cultivation of lettuce. Method: Experiment I and II was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: T1: Humic substances extract (extract without additives); T2: Algae extract 5% + calcium lignosulfonate 5% + 0.3% guar gum; T3: Algae extract 5% + calcium lignosulfonate 5% + pyroligneous acid 5% + 0.3% guar gum; T4: Algae extract 3% + calcium lignosulfonate 3% + 0.3% guar gum; T5: Algae extract 3% + calcium lignosulfonate 3% + pyroligneous acid 3% + 0.3% guar gum; T6: Control salts. A slab was used with the dimensions of 0.30 m x 1.5 m and with 5 plants per slab, using 30 slabs. The treatments were: T1: Salts; T2: Salts 25% x liquid fertilizer; T3: Salts 50% x liquid fertilizer; T4: Salts 75% x liquid fertilizer; T5: Salts 100% x liquid fertilizer; T6: Dose x liquid fertilizer. Results and Discussion: The response variables were: spectroscopy in the visible ultraviolet region (UV/Vis); NDVI; SPAD; EC; green and dry mass of the shoot, and leaf tissue analysis. In the conditions in which the experiment was conducted, it can be concluded that in Experiment I, Treatment 5 (Algae extract 3% + calcium lignosulfonate 3% + pyroligneous acid 3% + 0.3% guar gum) has the most suitable stabilizers for the HS extract, and that in Experiment II, Treatment 1 (salts) provided the best results. Implications of the research: In line with the environmental theme, the study presents and discusses relevant initiatives in society associating agribusiness and sustainable development.

Growth improvement of immature quinine by applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer

The growth of immature Cinchona ledgeriana can be optimized by applying fertilizers to fill the nutritional needs of plants. Nutrients can be provided through the help of microorganisms derived from organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer consortium on the growth of immature quinine plants. This research was conducted from November 2023 – January 2024 at Gambung Tea and Cinchona Research Center, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The research used a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, namely control (Urea 17 g.plant-1 + SP36 8 g.plant-1 + KCl 4 g.plant-1); solid coffee husk compost 3 kg.plant-1; liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1; biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1; solid coffee husk compost 3 kg.plants-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1; and liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1. The results showed applying organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste and biofertilizer improved the growth of immature quinine plants. Combination of liquid organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste 80 mL.L-1 water + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1 water produced a high increase in leaf area. Combination of solid organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste 3 kg. plants-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1 water showed the highest plant height increment. It implied the success of quinine improvement growth at the immature phase by applying coffee husk waste and biofertilizers.

Influence of phosphate and boron addition to mixed liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of red chili cultivated in the subsoil layer

This study assesses the impact of adding phosphate and boron in a mixed liquid fertilizer (MLF) on the growth and yield of red chili plants cultivated in a subsoil environment. The experiment was conducted to comprehend how these nutrients affect the performance of red chili plants, particularly when cultivated in less ideal conditions such as subsoil, a remnant of excavation for brick production. The research was carried out at the Ciparanje Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The research design employed a Randomized Completely Block Design with the following treatments: A = Control (degraded soil without fertilizer), B = 0% MLF + 1 NPK, C = 0.25% MLF + 1 NPK, D = 0.50% MLF + 1 NPK, E = 0.75% MLF + 1 NPK, F = 1.00% MLF + 1 NPK, G = 0.5% MLF + 3/4 NPK, H = 0.5% MLF + 1/2 NPK, I = 0.5% MLF + 1/4 NPK, J = 0.5% MLF + 0 NPK, and K = 1 NPK in normal soil. The results revealed that the addition of phosphate and boron in MLF significantly influenced the growth and yield of red chili in subsoil conditions. The recommended MLF concentration was 0.75%, alongside the standard NPK dose. These findings provide crucial insights for the development of more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices, especially in challenging soil conditions like subsoil, where nutrient availability can be a determining factor for agricultural success.

Impact of Crop Configuration and Microbial Liquid Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Oilseed Brassic

Impact of Crop Configuration and Microbial Liquid Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Oilseed Brassic

Assessing the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Anaerobic Digestion for Municipal Organic Waste: A Case Study of Minamisanriku Town, Japan

Anaerobic digestion (AD), or biogas technology, is an optimal method for municipal organic waste (MOW) treatment, recovering both material and energy. This study takes a life cycle assessment perspective and examines the economic and environmental impacts of a BIO facility in Minamisanriku Town, Japan, which has utilized MOW (kitchen/food waste and surplus sludge from sewage) as local biomass resources since 2012. Stakeholder interviews were conducted to gather data on material flows and impacts. Scenario analysis considered various conditions, such as pre- and post-operation of the BIO facility, the use and non-use of digestate as liquid fertilizer, and the facility’s 100% operational efficiency. The results indicate that full operation of the BIO facility and marketing of value-added products, such as branded rice grown using liquid fertilizer, could significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, lower integrated environmental costs, improve the regional economy, and increase net income. In the business as usual (BAU) scenario with a 56% operation rate of the BIO facility, there is an over 10% improvement in economic and environmental impacts compared to the pre-operation baseline. This study underscores the importance of maximizing biomass utilization to develop value-added uses by enhancing, extending, and expending stakeholder collaboration.

Effect of Liquid and Single Compound NPK Fertilizer on Soil and Plant Nitrogen Content and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) in Inceptisols of Jatinangor

Effect of Liquid and Single Compound NPK Fertilizer on Soil and Plant Nitrogen Content and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) in Inceptisols of Jatinangor

Pendampingan Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Ibu-Ibu ‘Aisyiyah Cabang Puring Menggunakan Ember Bertumpuk

The community service program at Muhammadiyah Gombong University involves industrial engineering students and lecturers who assist the women of 'Aisyiyah Puring Branch in making liquid organic fertilizer from household waste. The goal is to improve family nutrition by providing training on using household waste to create liquid organic fertilizer using the stacked bucket method. The resulting fertilizer is used to nourish garden plants as a sustainable source of family nutrition. The mentoring process consists of four stages: preparation, education, practice, and maturation. As a result of the program, 60% of the participants have successfully produced fertilizer using the stacked bucket method. The best practices for making fertilizer are then shared with the surrounding community to encourage the habit of managing household waste effectively.

Evaluation of hydroponic systems for organic lettuce production in controlled environment.

Organic farming methods, including the use of organic substrates, fertilizers, pesticides, and biological control, are gaining popularity in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) due to economic benefits and environmental sustainability. However, despite several studies focusing on the preparation and evaluation of liquid organic fertilizers, none have explored the compatibility of these fertilizers with different hydroponic systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate lettuce production using a liquid organic fertilizer under different hydroponic systems. Four distinct hydroponic methods were selected: nutrient film technique (NFT), deep water culture (DWC) (liquid culture systems), and Dutch bucket (DB), regular plastic container (RPC) (substrate-based systems). 'Green Butter' lettuce was grown using a liquid organic fertilizer (Espartan) for four weeks. Shoot growth parameters (e.g., shoot width, number of leaves, leaf area, foliar chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and dry weight) and root growth parameters (e.g., root length, fresh weight, and dry weight) were measured. The growth difference of lettuce under the DB and RPC systems was negligible, but the growth in RPC was 29% to 60% and 15% to 44% higher than the NFT and DWC systems, respectively, for shoot width, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight. Root parameters were nearly identical for the NFT and DWC systems but significantly lower (21% to 94%) than the substrate-based DB and RPC systems. Although lettuce grown in the NFT system showed the least growth, its mineral content in the leaf tissue was comparable or sometimes higher than that of substrate-based hydroponic systems. In conclusion, the tested liquid organic fertilizer is suitable for substrate-based hydroponic systems; however, further evaluation of different liquid organic fertilizers, and crop species is required.

Electrical conductivity based algorithm for precise application of liquid nitrogenous fertilizers

Precise application of nitrogenous fertilizers mainly urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) and granular urea (both pure and neem-coated) in aqueous form, is critically important for basal and foliar applications. The physicochemical properties of aqueous solution of these nitrogenous fertilizers plays important role in design of any liquid fertilizer application system. The study was carried out during 2019–20 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with an aim to develop algorithms for use in sensors-based systems for real time monitoring of available N concentration in the fertilizer solution before its application. The physicochemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), specific gravity (SG), dynamic viscosity (DV), surface tension (ST) and percentage light absorbance (LA) of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN-28%), pure urea, and neem coated urea in diluted form (pre-selected N-concentrations i.e. 0.78, 0.9, 1.08, 1.33, 1.75, 2.54 and 4.67% corresponding to the dilution ratios of 1:35, 1:30, 1:25, 1:20, 1:15, 1:10 and 1:05) were measured and analyzed for their significance with N-concentration. Electrical conductivity (EC) alone showed a significant relationship with N-concentrations. Prediction models were developed for diluted UAN and granular urea fertilizers based on the EC and N-concentrations. The regression models in terms of EC to predict N-concentration had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999 for diluted UAN, pure urea, and neem coated urea with water, respectively showed a great potential for their sensor based precise application. The controlled application of diluted liquid fertilizers with water can be achieved through sensing relevant physicochemical property.

Эффективность производства зерна в условиях изменения климата в Зауралье

Abstract. The economic efficiency of grain production is determined by the level of return on the resources spent by the cost of the products received. Weather factors play an important role. Climate changes in the Trans-Urals are primarily associated with the warming of the spring and summer months, increased aridity of the growing season and the expansion of the boundary of this process from the southeast to the northwest. The contrast in moisture availability of different years is combined with uneven precipitation in the region throughout the year. The profitability of farms in the production of grain crops is characterized by the same heterogeneity. The purpose of the study is to establish the economic efficiency of grain production in the context of climate change using the example of the Trans-Urals. The tasks are to analyze the impact of climate change on the yield of grain crops in the region, to analyze the efficiency of resource use by agricultural enterprises; using the example of the most highly profitable farms to identify factors to increase the efficiency of grain production. The methods of monographic and statistical analysis of data from scientific literature, open statistical sources, agronomic and economic reports of agricultural enterprises were used. The scientific novelty of the research consists in studying the efficiency of grain production in the context of climate change and in relation to the volatility of grain prices and means of production. The results of the study showed that since the early 2000s, despite a significant increase in the use of fertilizers, the growth of grain yields has stopped, which is primarily due to the deterioration of plant moisture conditions. At the same time, an increase in costs, although it leads to an increase in productivity, but to a lesser extent, as a result, the cost of grain increases, and the profitability of production decreases. Enterprises have been identified that, in the conditions of climate change and high volatility of grain prices and resources, have found ways to efficiently produce grain: replace solid fertilizers with liquid fertilizers, apply effective, including agrotechnical, methods of tillage and plant protection, use highly productive varieties, obtaining the highest profitability in the region.

Anthroponics: Application and effects on growth of parsley, rhipsalis, coriander, and basil fed with urine fertiliser

Urine has emerged as a promising nutrient-rich waste stream suitable for plant fertigation. Biological nitrification in a membrane bioreactor offers an effective method for producing liquid fertiliser from urine, extracting essential nutrients into a final product. Despite the increasing interest in hydroponics and urban horticulture, research exploring the efficacy of urine-derived fertilisers remains scarce. This study employed three growing systems, including nutrient film technique open channels in outdoor setup, pot-drench under glasshouse conditions, and deep-water culture (DWC) under laboratory conditions to investigate the efficiency of urine-derived fertiliser compared to commercial fertilisers. The results demonstrated comparable growth responses in parsley, rhipsalis, coriander, and basil, as demonstrated by the analysis of several parameters including biomass, stem numbers and length, and nutritional composition in shoots and roots. In conclusion, urine-derived fertilisers showed promising potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilisers, laying the foundation for the development of a circular economy of nutrients in agriculture.

Comprehensive compositional analysis of liquid organic product prepared by industrialized hydrothermal cracking of biomass waste and its potential application as fertilizer

Hydrothermal cracking involves the conversion of organic waste into efficient fertilizer through hydrolysis at temperatures ranging from 180 to 220 °C and pressures of 1.5 to 2.45 MPa, which offers significant advantages in shortening the production cycle, enhancing efficiency, and decomposing antibiotics. As a result, it holds immense practical value for promoting organic fertilizer manufacturing processes globally. The products derived from hydrothermal cracking can be categorized into solid and liquid components. Extensive research has focused on the composition and use of solids, while studies on liquids have mainly examined basic characteristics. The study aimed to comprehensively analyze the components in liquid products prepared through hydrothermal cracking and evaluate their suitability as liquid fertilizers. Specifically, we employed rigorous analytical techniques to accurately identify and quantify medium and trace elements, organic acids, amino acids, and plant growth regulators. Furthermore, we carried out a planting experiment to assess the yield and soil changes following the application of liquid products in maize cultivation. The experimental data revealed that the liquid product contained abundant medium and trace elements, along with 6.22 g/L free amino acids and 9.22 g/L organic acids. It is noteworthy that this liquid product contained 1.22 × 105 pg/mL ABA, 6.26 × 103 pg/mL IAA, 1.07 × 102 pg/mL IBA, and 3.60 × 10−2 pg/mL GA3. The utilization of this liquid product has the potential to enhance the disease resistance of maize crops and promote the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. By understanding the composition of liquid products via hydrothermal cracking, valuable insights can be gained into their potential benefits for agricultural and ecological applications.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI KONSETRASI PUPUK BIOTA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI SELADA (Lactuca Sativa)

The hamlet of Pattene, Temmapaduae village, Marusu sub-district, Maros district, South Sulawesi, will be the location of this study.This study will begin on July 9 and run through September 2021.A randomized block design with four levels of biota liquid fertilizer was used to compile this study. The findings of the research and development can be used to draw the conclusion that the application of liquid biota fertilizer concentrate at a concentration of 2 cc/liter of water had the greatest impact on the number of leaves, with the largest lettuce weighing 53 grams and having a value of 143.33 leaves

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR LIMBAH SAYUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG DAUN BUNCHING (Allium fistulosum L.) DENGAN SISTEM SUMBU (WICK SYSTEM)

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Concentration of Vegetable Waste on the Growth and Production of Onion Bunching Plants (Allium fistulosum L.) With Hydroponic Axis System (Wick System). This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the best concentration of organic fertilizers in increasing the growth and production of Bunching Onion Plants (Allium fistulosum L.) with a Hydroponic System (Wick System). This research was conducted in Tamamaung Village, Panakukkang District, Makassar City. Which runs from March to June 2022. This study was prepared with a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 1 factorial, namely liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and used 4 treatments, namely 10ml / liter of water, 20ml / liter of water, 30 ml / liter of water and 40 ml / liter of water. The parameters observed are 4, namely plant height, number of saplings, root length and fresh weight of the plant. The results showed that the application of various concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer to the growth and production of onion bunching plants had an influence on the parameters of plant height, number of saplings and fresh weight of plants. The concentration of 40ml/liter of water is best in increasing the growth and production of onion plants at plant height of 28.66 cm, the number of saplings is 23 saplings, the root length is 7 cm and the fresh weight of the plant is 39 grams.