Liquefaction Yield Research Articles

Heavy media separation of SRC-II feedstocks: 1. Effect on coal properties

The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effects of coal preparation on the properties of Run-of-Mine (ROM) and washed Powhatan and Ireland Mine coals and to assess the potential effects on SRC-II liquefaction yields. The effect of washing on the two coals was found to be quite similar. For both coals, the properties were altered more significantly by changes in separation media gravity than by changes in the coal size. The elemental composition of the Powhatan and Ireland washed coals was correlated with carbon content. It was shown that both the hydrogen and oxygen levels increased linearly with the carbon content of the coal samples. However, the H C and O C ratios were not changed significantly by coal cleaning. Only small variations in the nitrogen and organic sulphur levels were observed while the sulphate sulphur and chlorine levels were not affected by coal cleaning. The major impact of the coal cleaning was to reduce the pyritic sulphur (and hence the total sulphur) content of the coals. Most of the pyritic sulphur was shifted into the middling coal and refuse fractions while the clean coals had much lower contents and the pyritic sulphur level decreased with increasing carbon content. Coal cleaning did not significantly alter the maceral contents of vitrinite, exinite, total reactive macerals (TRM), or the reflectance of vitrinite; all these parameters varied over a very narrow range, probably within the precision of the measurement technique.

Solvolytic Liquefaction of Coals with a Variety of Solvents

Solvolytic liquefaction of coals of some range was studied with a variety of solvents at 370-390°C under nitrogen atmosphere in order to elucidate roles of the solvent in coal liquefaction of this kind and to find a proper solvent for the better yield of liquefaction. The yield was found to depend strongly upon the natures of the coal as well as the solvent under the present conditions. Pyrene and a SRC-BS pitch were excellent solvents for Oyubari coal, which was fusible in high fluidity at the liquefaction temperatures. However, the former was very poor for Itmann and Taiheiyo coals which were fusible at higher temperature or non-fusible, respectively. The mechanism of solvolytic liquefaction was discussed, taking account of natures of the coal at the liquefaction temperature to understand the properties of the solvent required for the high yield against non-fusible coals in the solvolytic liquefaction.It is revealed that the solvolytic reaction should take place between the solvent and the coal when the non-fusible coal is expected to be liquefied at high yield. The hydrogen transfer from SRC-BS to the coal is assumed to be responsible for the high liquefaction yield for such a coal.