Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential Research Articles

Geotechnical assessment of seismicity and liquefaction potential at the Banarli landfill in Tekirdag, Turkey

This study, conducted in the Banarli district of Tekirdag Province, Turkey, focuses on soil reaction analysis and liquefaction potential in an area where a landfill and an associated power plant are planned. The research was examined with a one-dimensional ground response analysis to understand seismic behaviour, revealing the varied responses of soil categories to seismic waves. Soft soil layers were found to lengthen the dominant period of oscillation rather than significantly enhancing peak acceleration during seismic events. Earthquake records specific to the region were crucial for accurate assessments. The study comprehensively assessed liquefaction potential using various estimation methods, including the probability of liquefaction (PL ), liquefaction potential index (LPI), and liquefaction risk index (IR ). Moreover, this study examined liquefaction potential based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, identifying susceptibility in the clayey sand layer at a depth of 3 to 12 meters. Recommendations for soil improvement measures are made to mitigate the risk. This research highlights the need for “customized seismic protocols” and emphasizes the importance of “site-specific assessments” in construction projects. By addressing susceptibility to liquefaction and proposing targeted ground improvement strategies, we contribute to safer and more resilient infrastructure development.

Cone penetration test-based assessment of liquefaction potential using machine and hybrid learning approaches

Cone penetration test-based assessment of liquefaction potential using machine and hybrid learning approaches

Liquefaction potential assessment of the DMDP area of Bangladesh using CPT-based methods

Liquefaction potential assessment of the DMDP area of Bangladesh using CPT-based methods

Earthquake-induced liquefaction potential and risk assessment of the world’s largest mobile manufacturing plant, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Earthquake-induced liquefaction potential and risk assessment of the world’s largest mobile manufacturing plant, Noida, Uttar Pradesh

A Review on Liquefaction Potential Assessment with a Case Study on Roorkee Region, Uttarakhand

A Review on Liquefaction Potential Assessment with a Case Study on Roorkee Region, Uttarakhand

Assessment of liquefaction potential and damage on the toll road construction in earthquake-prone area, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta

The construction of toll roads in earthquake-prone areas presents significant challenges due to the potential occurrence of liquefaction, a seismic phenomenon in fine-grained soils losing strength during earthquakes. The research was conducted at a toll road construction site in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, an area near the active Opak fault which increases its vulnerability to liquefaction. The objective of this study is to analyse the liquefaction potential and damage on the surface in research area. The method used is simplified procedure by Idriss and Boulanger which assessing the cyclic stress ratio and cyclic resistance ratio based on standard penetration test and laboratory data. Then, Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) are calculated. Finally, vertical displacement caused by liquefied soil is estimated using the post-cyclic reconsolidation model to understand its impact on the surface. The study shows low to very high liquefaction potential at the toll road construction site in Sleman Regency. With a vertical displacement of 4.69 cm to 38.83 cm, surface damage can range from low to extensive, emphasizing the need for liquefaction mitigation in earthquake-prone areas like Yogyakarta during toll road infrastructure planning.

Liquefaction potential hazard assessment and its effect on toll road construction in Seyegan Subdistrict, Yogyakarta

Toll road construction is a vital infrastructure connecting the two economic centers on Java Island. However, given the potential disaster risks in the region, it is essential to assess the geological and geotechnical conditions to determine the potential for liquefaction in the area. The special region of Yogyakarta is susceptible to earthquakes and associated disasters. One of the most significant earthquakes occurred on May 27, 2006 with a magnitude of 6.3 Mw resulting from the Opak Fault. Furthermore, the toll road is constructed above the Mataram Irrigation Canal, characterized by a shallow groundwater level and young volcanic deposits that are vulnerable to liquified. The study aimed to determine the potential for liquefaction in the area and predicted the vertical settlement caused by liquified soil. The analysis of liquefaction potential utilized the simplified procedure to obtain factor of safety and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) to assess the vulnerability index of liquefaction. Results indicated the research area had a very low to medium liquefaction susceptibility index. In addition, the calculation of vertical settlement using Idriss and Boulanger (2008) equation showed a predicted vertical settlement range of 0.4 cm – 44.64 cm. The predicted vertical settlement range underscores the importance of considering the potential for liquefaction to mitigate any adverse effects on the toll road’s construction and operation.

Assessment of liquefaction potential based on shear wave velocity: Strain energy approach

liquefaction assessment based on strain energy is significantly superior to conventional stress-based methods. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlation between shear wave velocity and strain energy capacity of silty sands. The dissipated energy until liquefaction occurs was calculated by analyzing the results of three series of comprehensive cyclic direct simple shear and triaxial tests on Ottawa F65, Nevada, and Firoozkuh sands with varyi ng silt content by weight and relative densities. Additionally, the shear wave velocity of each series was obtained using bender element or resonant column tests. Consequently, for the first time, a liquefaction triggering criterion, relating to effective overburden normalized liquefaction capacity energy (WL/σc’) to effective overburden stress-corrected shear wave velocity (Vs1) has been introduced. The accuracy of the proposed criteria was evaluated using in situ data. The results confirm the ability of shear wave velocity as a distinguishing parameter for separating liquefied and non-liquefied soils when it is calculated against liquefaction capacity energy (WL/σc’). However, the proposed WL/σc’-Vs1 curve, similar to previously proposed cyclic resistance ratio (CRR)-Vs1 relationships, should be used conservatively for fields vulnerable to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading.

Cyclic Triaxial Test on Undisturbed Sample in the Fine-Grained Soils that Experienced Ground Settlement by Earthquake Loading and Improving Korean Method for Liquefaction Potential Assessment

Cyclic Triaxial Test on Undisturbed Sample in the Fine-Grained Soils that Experienced Ground Settlement by Earthquake Loading and Improving Korean Method for Liquefaction Potential Assessment

Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential in The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Using Standard Penetration Test-Based

Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential in The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Using Standard Penetration Test-Based

Initial assessment of soil liquefaction potential for selected sites in Hilla city, Babylon Governorate, Iraq

The current research focused on the use of some geotechnical characteristics for the initial assessment of soil liquefaction at sites in the city of Hilla, Babylon Governorate. Five sites were chosen in the city centre and relatively close to the Shatt Al-Hilla. Geotechnical properties data were used to separate soils that can be classified as liquefiable from those that are not. The criteria used in this study were of two types: the Second Chinese Criteria, which is based on the natural water content and liquid limit; and the Modified Chinese Criteria, which depends on the clay content and liquid limit for the liquefaction potential of the soil. The results of this study showed that in the Second Chinese Criteria the risk of soil increases with an increase in the natural water content and a decrease in the liquid limit; however, in the Modified Chinese Criteria, the liquefaction potential increases with a decrease in the clay content to less than 10% and in the liquid limit to less than or equal to 32%.

Physics-inspired geophysical assessment of liquefaction potential in Pohang, South Korea

Physics-inspired geophysical assessment of liquefaction potential in Pohang, South Korea

The Effect of Vertical Ground Motion in Dynamic Analysis for Near Fault Area in Yogyakarta

Indonesia is surrounded by three major tectonic plates which are Indian-Australian, Eurasian and Pacific tectonic plates. Consequently, Indonesia is prone to seismic hazard. Horizontal ground motion has taken a major role in conducting nonlinear time histories analysis or in assessing liquefaction potential. However, for site near fault area, vertical ground motion can be quite significant and cannot be neglected. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of vertical ground motion in the near fault area by conducting dynamic analysis using MIDAS GTS NX. UBC Sand model is employed to model liquifiable material. Standard penetration test, laboratory test and downhole seismic tests are conducted at the site in order to characterize the shear wave velocities and properties of the soil at the area and to determine the thickness of the liquifiable layer. For this paper, two dynamic analyses will be conducted. For first analysis, only horizontal ground motion is applied to the model while in the second analysis, both horizontal and vertical ground motion will be applied. Based on dynamic analysis result, the horizontal surface motion and horizontal surface response spectrum that is propagated using bi-directional time histories will have bigger acceleration if being compared by only using horizontal time histories.

Seismically Induced Liquefaction Potential Assessment by Different Artificial Intelligence Procedures

Seismically Induced Liquefaction Potential Assessment by Different Artificial Intelligence Procedures

Application of machine learning to the Vs-based soil liquefaction potential assessment

Application of machine learning to the Vs-based soil liquefaction potential assessment

Liquefaction Potential Assessment of Soils Using Machine Learning Techniques: A State-of-the-Art Review from 1994–2021

Liquefaction Potential Assessment of Soils Using Machine Learning Techniques: A State-of-the-Art Review from 1994–2021

A probabilistic liquefaction reliability evaluation system based on CatBoost-Bayesian considering uncertainty using CPT and Vs measurements

The existing liquefaction evaluation model inevitably contains uncertainty in the establishment process, which will affect the evaluation of the effect of seismic liquefaction. The purpose of this study is to combine cone penetration test and shear wave velocity test (CPT-Vs) to develop a simplified probabilistic framework for liquefaction potential assessment, and to couple the first-order reliability method (FORM) to reduce model and parameter uncertainties. Based on the case histories of CPT-Vs, the framework uses the Bayesian-optimized CatBoost algorithm to develop a limit state function for liquefaction trigger analysis. Within the framework of FORM, this limit state function parameter and model uncertainties are characterized by the mean (μc) and coefficient of variation (COV) of the soil parameters, which are obtained and calibrated by combining site-specific new information with prior knowledge. Moreover, in the absence of parameter uncertainty, a deterministic model is developed which establishes a mapping function between probability of liquefaction to factor of safety. The study results show that the uncertainty of the limit state function model can be characterized by using μc=1.14 and COV=0.30, and the simplified liquefaction probabilistic framework can provide reasonable liquefaction evaluation results.

Investigation of deformation behaviour of uniaxially loaded sand grains using a novel high-resolution imaging apparatus and ensemble machine learning models

ABSTRACT In geotechnical engineering, the time-dependent behaviour or ageing behaviour is vital for applications such as earthwork compaction and liquefaction potential assessment. This study introduces a novel test apparatus to understand micromechanical factors and deformations at grain contacts. Using a non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, deformations were measured with a 10 μϵ spatial resolution. This enabled quantification of grain creep and contact maturing deformations, surpassing previous experimental methods. To model this complex behaviour, Machine Learning (ML) models, including an artificial neural network (ANN) and long-short term memory neural network (LSTM), were used, achieving a 1-2% error rate with experimental results. The integration of ML offers a promising tool for predicting long-term grain strains, enhancing the assessment of structures' serviceability with the studied materials.

Probabilistic and deterministic-based approach for liquefaction potential assessment of layered soil

In the present study, deterministic and probabilistic approaches have been used for the assessment of liquefaction potential of ground during an earthquake. The deterministic approach was used to analyze and assess the liquefaction of loose saturated river bed deposit with emphasis on two benchmark locations. A wide range of earthquake data in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of 0.18 g, 0.37 g, 0.6 g and 0.75 g was used as input motions. The dynamic properties of soil were evaluated using standard penetration test (SPT) data obtained from the bore logs. The shear stress induced within soil deposit due to the seismic excitation was calculated in the form of cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) in order to calculate the factor of safety (FOS) against liquefaction. In addition, liquefaction potential index (LPI) and probability of liquefaction (PL) were also calculated using input motion. It was observed, based on the probability analysis and liquefaction indices, that the shallow layer soil profile is safe against liquefaction, whereas deep layer soil profile is unsafe.

Validity of Juang's Method to Predict the Liquefaction Potential of the Soils of Sablette Algiers

This work presents a deterministic and probabilistic analysis of the liquefaction potential of soils. Soil liquefaction is a process leading to the total loss of shear strength of loose sands under seismic stresses by increasing pore pressure. It is accompanied by deformations. Certain factors related to the characteristics of the ground and the seismic excitation can significantly influence the appearance or not of the phenomenon. Empirical methods of liquefaction potential assessment are widely used. The probabilistic method has been widely used for estimating the probability of liquefaction. Initially, the uncertain parameters are modeled by normal random variables. A parametric study of the coefficients of variation of the random variables showed that the number of strokes (N1)60 of the SPT test is the parameter that has the greatest influence on the probability of liquefaction. This study focuses on the liquefaction potential by methods based on the results of the in-situ "Standard Penetration Test" Through the results obtained in this study of the site of Sablettes in Algiers, in general, there is a risk of liquefaction of the soil in the sandy layers, and we can say that the site studied has an average liquefaction potential. According to the classification of liquefaction potential proposed by Juang et al., (2012).