AbstractIn an effort to explore the potential energy of biomass and reduce industrial reliance on fossil fuels, this study investigates the liquefaction of poplar wood using supercritical methanol and a CuMgAlOx catalyst. It assesses the composition of liquefied products and performs a comprehensive life‐cycle assessment. Results display that at 360°C, with 1 h of CuMgAlOx, poplar wood's conversion rate reached 98.4%. The proportion of alcoholic compounds in the liquefaction products increased dramatically from 7.99% without a catalyst to 70.81% with it, a rise of 786.23%. Moreover, the process's global warming potential (GWP) intensity is significantly lower at 0.886 gCO2eq/MJ compared to the 93 gCO2eq/MJ from conventional petroleum refining, underscoring its substantial emission reduction potential.