Lippia Rotundifolia Research Articles

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Lippia rotundifolia Cham. AND ITS POTENTIAL AS NA AGROECOLOGICAL LARVICIDE AGAINST Aedes aegypti Linn.

Agroecological products have been demanded by the population due to their low environmental impact. Faced with the demand, Lippia rotundifolia Cham., belong to the Verbenaceae family, is an aromatic species from the Brazilian Cerrado with high biological potential. Due to its effectiveness, we goal to evaluate the content and chemical characterization of the essential oil of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. as well as to evaluate its potential as an agroecological larvicide against Aedes aegypti Linn. Larvae. To achieve this goal the essential oil was obtaneid by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer. The larvae of Aedes aegypti Linn. were exposed to the hydrolate and in different concentrations of essential oil (300, 250, 125, 62.5 e 31.25 µg.mL-1). The essential oil presented a content of 3.09%. The chemical analysis detected 27 compounds. The major compound was myrcene (15.52%). All treatments presented larvicidal activity with strong sedative action. The lowest concentration after 24h presented more than 80% of mortality. The lethal concentration was 232 µg.mL-1. The Lippia rotundifolia Cham. features 3,09% essential oil content. The mircene, (Z)-tagetone and β-caryophyllene compoundes are the chemical representatives of the species. The species has potential against mosquito larvae Aedes aegypti Linn., it can be used in the formulation of larvicidal products to control its population.

Effects of sucrose concentration and membrane filter number on the growth and volatile compounds of micropropagated Lippia rotundifolia Cham. plantlets

Lippia rotundifolia Cham. is a medicinal species, native to Brazilian mountainous regions, with leaves rich in monoterpenes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of sucrose in MS medium with a natural ventilation system using porous membranes on the growth and contents of volatile compounds in L. rotundifolia plantlets. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 treatments, consisting of a factorial system of four ventilation systems and three sucrose concentrations. The treatments were a system with no porous membrane (NMS) and three natural ventilation systems (AMS) containing one, two, and four porous membranes. The sucrose concentrations were 0, 15, and 30 g L −1 . The natural ventilation systems were superior to NMS. The natural ventilation system with two and four porous membranes and 15 g L −1 sucrose in MS medium led to higher in vitro growth rates in L. rotundifolia . AMS using manufactured porous membranes was found to be a more efficient in vitro cultivation method than NMS. The ventilation system with four porous membranes and a sucrose concentration of 15 g L −1 was the most efficient, since an increase in the photosynthetic rate and less evaporative water loss were observed in this ventilation system. Volatile organic content was influenced by ventilation systems and sucrose concentrations. Major compounds myrcene, limonene, myrcenone and ocimenone were identified. AMS4 and presence of sucrose (15 and 30 g L −1 ) increased the myrcene and ocimenone content. The myrcenone content was favored by NMS without sucrose. Overall, the alternative membrane system with 15 g L −1 of sacarose can be recommended in the in vitro culture method of L. rotundifolia. • Alternative membrane systems enhancement dry weight of plantlets. • Four membrane filters without sucrose and 15 g L −1 promote an increase in leaf area. • Myrcene and ocimenone content increase using four membrane filters and sucrose. • Nonporous membrane system without sucrose have a higher myrcenone content.

Nanoencapsulated Lippia rotundifolia antimicrobial peptide: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity evaluations.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are promising novel antibiotics but exhibit low stability and can be toxic. The AMP encapsulation can be used to protect the drug and control its release rates. The Lr-AMP1f encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticle (NP) by ionic gelation method reached 90% efficiency. The results indicated that the hydrodynamic particle size of NPs increased from 196.1 ± 3.14nm (free NP) to 228.1 ± 12.22nm (nanoencapsulated Lr-AMP1f), while the atomic force microscope showed the spherical shape. The Zeta potential of the nanoencapsulated Lr-AMP1f was high (+ 35mV). These AMP-loaded NPs exhibited stability for up to 21days of storage. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of free Lr-AMP1f was 8µg/mL for E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, the nanoencapsulated Lr-AMP1f produced a bacteriostatic effect against both bacteria at 8µg/mL. The MIC of nanoencapsulated Lr-AMP1f was 16µg/mL for E. coli and 32 for S. epidermidis. Nanoencapsulated Lr-AMP1f was nontoxic to HEK293 cells. Promisingly, chitosan NP can be used as a vehicle for the antibacterial application of new AMP (Lr-AMP1f).

Study of the influence of wavelengths and intensities of LEDs on the growth, photosynthetic pigment, and volatile compounds production of Lippia rotundifolia Cham in vitro

Lippia rotundifolia Cham. is in the family Verbenaceae and is endemic to the Cerrado. This species is aromatic and characterized by the presence of glandular trichomes on its leaves that are rich in monoterpenes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigment production, and chemical composition of L. rotundifolia grown in vitro under different light wavelengths and intensities. The light intensities consisted of five treatments using cool white fluorescent lamps at 20, 54, 78, 88, and 110 μmol m−2 s−1. The light quality consisted of six treatments using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in different light wavelengths, namely, white, red, blue, and their interactions: 1R:1B, 2.5R:1B, and 1R:2.5B. After 45 days, the biometric parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, and volatile compounds were evaluated. The lower light intensities of 20 and 54 μmol m−2 s−1 generated higher growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and biomass accumulation. Myrcene and pentadecane were highest under light intensities of 88 and 110 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The highest limonene and ocimenone levels were obtained at 20 and 54 μmol m−2 s−1 intensity, respectively, and the highest myrcenone content was obtained at 78 μmol m−2 s−1 intensity. Regarding the light wavelengths, the combination of red and blue spectra further stimulated plantlet growth, and the 2.5R:1B combination obtained the best biometric data and total chlorophyll content. The z-ocimenone chemical compound contents were highest under the 1R:2.5B light spectrum. The monochromatic blue spectrum increased the myrcene and limonene content but decreased the myrcenone content, which was increased by red light. The highest pentadecane contents were obtained with the white spectrum and the red and blue combinations.

Growth regulators induced shoot regeneration and volatile compound production in Lippia rotundifolia Cham., a threatened medicinal plant

Lippia rotundifolia Cham. is an endemic and endangered plant found in the savanna that is aromatic and rich in monoterpenes. The aims of the study were to evaluate the influence of plant growth regulators on the growth and chemical analysis of L. rotundifolia by headspace/GC–MS. Nodal segments (1.0 cm) were cultured on basal Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with the following amounts of growth regulators: 0.0, 2.22, 6.66, 11.10, and 15.54 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with 0.0, 2.68, and 5.36 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 0.0, 2.27, 4.54, 6.81, and 9.08 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with 0.0, 2.68, and 5.36 μM NAA. The most effective concentrations were 11.10 μM BAP + 2.68 μM NAA, which induced 11 shoots explant−1, and 15.54 μM BAP + 2.68 μM NAA, with 11.6 shoots explant−1. The TDZ at a concentration of 6.81 μM with 2.68 μM NAA resulted in 20 shoots explant−1, 9.08 μM TDZ without NAA in 22.8 shoots explant−1, and 9.08 μM TDZ + 2.68 μM NAA in 18.1 shoots explant−1. Rooting took place on MS medium free of plant growth regulators, and acclimatization was successful (95%). The influence of plant growth regulators on the fraction of volatile compounds appeared to be quite variable. The cytokinin concentration was found to significantly influence the production of volatile compounds in L. rotundifolia shoot cultures. These findings indicate that shoots regenerated from nodal segments on MS medium containing higher concentrations of BAP and NAA have increased myrcenone and limonene. Ocimenone contents increased only at low concentrations of BAP and NAA.

Genetic diversity of <i>Lippia rotundifolia</i> Cham. in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Lippia rotundifolia is an aromatic species, endemic from Campos rupestres and isolated by mountains. We aimed with the research to study the genetic variability of cha-de-pedestre ( Lippia rotundifolia Cham.) with natural occurrence in ten places of the State of Minas Gerais, from molecular markers of ISSR type. The places of collection were: Parque Estadual de Serra Nova; Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruacu; Aboboras community; Gigante community; edge of Rio do Peixe; environmental preservation area of Olhos d´agua; private property in Joaquim Felicio; Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; Sao Goncalo do Rio das Pedras and brook of Rio Tigre. After the establishment of the extraction and amplification of DNA fragments with primers ISSR, an array of genetic distance was built. From this matrix, we analyzed the genetic diversity index as the allelic frequency (Na and Ne), Shannos´s index (H´), polymorphism (PLP), heterozygosity (He) and gene flow (Nm). The result showed higher genetic variability within the population (93%). The genetic diversity index was low (He = 0.132; H´= 0.214; Na = 1.111; Ne = 1.183; PLP = 56.67%). In general the species have low genetic diversity. The greatest diversity in populations occurred with an average temperature of 20°C. The Rio Tigre showed higher genetic distance and isolation.

Chemical diversity of the volatiles of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Lippia rotundifolia is an aromatic species, native and endemic to rocky fields, which are isolated by small mountains. It is little known about their chemical composition. Because of that we aimed to study the chemical diversity of volatiles released from rosemary leaves (Lippia rotundifolia Cham.) coming from 11 populations of the Minas Gerais, Brazil. The material for chemical analysis was obtained from the accessions in the active germplasm bank of the Instituto de Ciências agrárias of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. A total of 67 compounds were detected by HS-CG-MS. Most volatiles were detected in the São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras accession, with 40 compounds, whereas in the Santana do Riacho accession only 5 compounds were detected. Volatiles myrcene, linalool and caryophyllene were detected in the majority of the accessions. We concluded that Lippia rotundifolia presents high chemical variability. The volatiles mircene, linalool and caryophyllene are the most frequent, detected in most of the accessions. Due to some accession to present predominance of monoterpenes, others sesquiterpenes, studies of molecular analysis are necessary for associate the chemotypes, since environmental variation influence the gene expression of the secondary metabolites.

Blood parameters and hepatic histopathology of broilers fed rations supplemented with essential oils

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the hematological profile, hepatic function, and histopathology of mixed-sex broilers fed rations supplemented with microencapsulated essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemon grass) and Lippia rotundifolia (cha-de-pedestre). One hundred and fifty Cobb chicks were housed in cages from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design, with six replicates with five chickens in each of five treatments (150 total chicks): basal diet without antibiotic growth promoter (negative control), diet with enramicina and [...]

Disinfection of Fertile Eggs of Free-Range Poultry with Essential Oils

SUMMARY The effect of the disinfection of fertile eggs of free-range poultry with essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus and Lippia rotundifolia was evaluated. The treatments applied to the eggs were (v v-1): 1% essential oil from C. flexuosus (CF), 1% essential oil from L. rotundifolia(LR), 0.1% CF + LR, and 0.1% quaternary ammonia (QA) (positive control). The eggs were incubated for 21 days, the birds from hatched eggs were counted and weighed, and not hatched eggs were opened and examined macroscopically to determine egg fertility, and embryonic death time. The antimicrobial action of the essential oils was determined through quantitative analyses, considering aerobic mesophylls, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and total coliforms. Mortality was high in the treatments, especially in the treatment with essential oil from C. flexuosus. The highest hatchability was found in the treatment with QA. The treatments with singly or combined essential oils were more efficient in decreasing microbial count than QA. The essential oils from C. flexuosus and L. rotundifolia reduced the microbial load of fertile eggs of the free-range poultry evaluated.

Ecogeography of Lippia rotundifolia Cham. in Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Lippia rotundifolia is a specie native to the Brazilian Cerrado, endemic to the Cadeia do Espinhaço mountain range. Due to the limited information about the species, the present study aimed to characterize the ecogeography, climate conditions and physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of Lippia rotundifolia in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thirteen sites were ecogeographically characterized: Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruaçu; Gigante; Rio do Peixe; AEP of Olhos D’água; Joaquim Felício; Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras; Rio Tigre; RPPN Brumas do Espinhaço; Lapinha; Poço Bonito; Abóboras; and Parque Estadual de Serra Nova. Environments belonged to Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, specifically in rocky and altitude fields. The species occurs at altitudes between 691-1311m, with precipitation between 700 to 1600mm and average temperature between 14.5 to 24°C. In these vegetation types, the soils were sandy, hyper dystrophic and highly toxic with a low cation exchange capacity. These characteristics make the species undemanding with regard to edaphoclimatic and ecogeographic factors.

Use of Lippia rotundifolia and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils, individually or in combination, in broiler diets

This study investigated the effects of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Lippia rotundifolia microencapsulated essential oils on broiler performance and carcass yield. One hundred and fifty mixed-sex Cobb broiler chicks were used, from one day up to 42 days of age, in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three replicates of ten birds each. The treatments were: negative control (basal diet), positive control (diet with enramycin and salinomycin), and three diets with microencapsulated essential oils from lemongrass, L. rotundifolia, and combination with 50% of both. The performance and carcass yield were not affected by the treatments. The intestine absolute weight was lower in the combination treatment compared with the negative control treatment and the lemongrass essential oil. The intestine relative weight was higher in the treatments with lemongrass and L. rotundifolia essential oils in relation to the combination. The liver relative weight was lower with the lemongrass essential oil and the combination compared with the treatment with the L. rotundifolia essential oil. The trial could not find results enough to recommend the use of the lemongrass and L. rotundifolia essential oils as an additive in broiler diets.

Physical and physiological quality of the Lippia rotundifolia seeds according to the osmotic conditioning and electrical conductivity

ABSTRACT: Lippia rotundifolia is a native species of the Cerrado, endemic to the chain backbone and highly aromatic, whose essential oil has medicinal properties of high pharmacological value, but because it is a non-domesticated species, little is known about its spread. Due to its importance, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the osmotic conditioning on the physical and physiological quality of seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 100 seeds, being treatments consisted of two kinds of seeds (with and without tegument) subjected to ten days of immersion in water (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours). After each period, the seeds were submitted to the electrical conductivity test and germination. Electrical conductivity and germination there is a directly proportional relationship, while the best osmotic conditioning time is achieved with the seed husk and immersed in water for 48 hours.

Identification of dysregulated microRNA expression and their potential role in the antiproliferative effect of the essential oils from four different Lippia species against the CT26.WT colon tumor cell line

In spite of advances in colorectal cancer treatments, approximately 1.4 million new global cases are estimated for 2015. In this sense, Brazilian plant diversity offers a multiplicity of essential oils as prospective novel anticancer compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of the essential oils from four Lippia species in CT26.WT colon tumor cells, as a measurement of cell cycle phase distribution and microRNA expression. CT26.WT showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase after treatment with 100μg/ml of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson, Lippia sidoides Cham., and Lippia lacunosa Mart. & Schauer, Verbenaceae, essential oils and, at the same concentration, Lippia rotundifolia Cham. essential oil caused an augment of G0/G1 phase. The miRNA expression profiling shows change of expression in key oncogenic miRNAs genes after treatment. Our findings suggest growth inhibition mechanisms for all four essential oils on CT26.WT cells involving direct or indirect interference on cell cycle arrest and/or oncogenic miRNAs expression.

Analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Lippia lacunosa Mart. & Schauer and Lippia rotundifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae) by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Lippia lacunosa e L. rotundifolia sao duas especies brasileiras que formam um complexo de dificil delimitacao taxonomica. A composicao quimica do oleo essencial das folhas e flores dessas plantas foi investigada por cromatografia com fase gasosa (CG) e por cromatografia com fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Principais constituintes dos oleos essenciais de L. lacunosa (flores e folhas): mirceno (14,7% e 11,9%), mircenona (45,2% e 64,2%), Z-ocimenona (5,7% e 5,2%), e E-ocimenona (14,7% e 4,1%), respectivamente; L. rotundifolia (flores e folhas): a-pineno (8,7% e 1,8%), mirceno (5,1% e 3,6%), limoneno (26,0% e 7,9 %), cis-pinocanfona (4,5% e 3,1%) e mirtenal (22,3% e 16,7%), respectivamente. Os oleos essenciais de L. lacunosa apresentaram um forte e agradavel aroma de manga, que foi relacionado a presenca de mirceno e mircenona. Diferencas fundamentais na composicao quimica de seus oleos essenciais podem representar uma poderosa ferramenta na classificacao botânica das especies.

Screening of Central and South American plant extracts for antimycobacterial activity by the Alamar Blue test

Forty eight ethanolic crude extracts and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from ten Brazilian plants (Leguminosae, Monimiaceae and Verbenaceae), 1 from Costa Rica (Verbenaceae) and 1 from Argentina (Verbenaceae) were screened for anti-mycobacterium activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC-27294H37Rv), by the Alamar Blue test, at a fixed concentration of 100 µg/mL. Out of the forty eight, seven were active at this concentration, corresponding to Lantana trifolia (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves), Vitex cooperi (methanol:water, 1:1 extract from barks), Lippia lacunosa (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves) and Lippia rotundifolia (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves), all from the Verbenaceae family.