Lipid In Men Research Articles

Associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: a population-based longitudinal study based on The Tromsø Study 1979–2016

ObjectivesInvestigate associations between body height and cardiovascular disease risk factors at several time points in women and men across educational levels in Norway.DesignPopulation-based longitudinal study.SettingThe Tromsø Study, a population-based study...

Short-Term Dietary Calcium Fortification Increases Fecal Saturated Fat Content and Reduces Serum Lipids in Men

The effect of dietary calcium on fecal fatty acid excretion and serum lipids was tested in a randomized, single-blind metabolic study in 13 healthy men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. A low calcium base diet containing 34% of energy from fat, 13% from saturated fatty acids, 240 mg cholesterol/d and 410 mg Ca/d was compared with a fortified version in which calcium citrate malate was added to orange juice, (550 mg) muffins (750 mg), and two tablets (500 mg) for a total calcium intake of 2200 mg/d. Fecal collections (72 h, d 8, 9, 10) and blood from fasting subjects for lipids and lipoproteins (d 9, 10, 11) were obtained. The percentage of dietary saturated fat excreted per day increased from 6 to 13% with calcium fortification. There was no change in fecal bile acid excretion. The high Ca diet significantly reduced total cholesterol 6% (5.99 to 5.66 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol 11% (4.13 to 3.67 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein B concentrations 7% when compared with the low Ca diet (P < 0.05). There was no change in HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A1 concentrations. Urinary calcium excretion increased from 146 to 230 mg/d when the high Ca diet was consumed. Calcium fortification was effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol concentrations and may be an effective adjunct to cholesterol-lowering diet therapy.

Targeting lipid metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer.

Despite key advances in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a proportion of men have de novo resistance, and all will develop resistance to current therapeutics over time. Aberrant lipid metabolism has long been associated with prostate carcinogenesis and progression, but more recently there has been an explosion of preclinical and clinical data which is informing new clinical trials. This review explores the epidemiological links between obesity and metabolic syndrome and PCa, the evidence for altered circulating lipids in PCa and their potential role as biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for targeting lipids in men with PCa, including therapies widely used in cardiovascular disease such as statins, metformin and lifestyle modification, as well as novel targeted agents such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, DES1 inhibitors and agents targeting FASN and beta oxidation.

Circulating lipids in men with type 2 diabetes following 3 days on a carbohydrate‐free diet versus 3 days of fasting

ObjectiveWe have been interested in determining the effects of dietary changes on fuel metabolism and regulation in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, the changes in 24‐hr circulating lipid profiles were determined when the major fuel source was endogenous versus exogenous fat.MethodsSeven males with T2DM were randomized in a crossover design with a 4‐week washout period. A standard mixed (control) diet (30%fat:15%protein:55%carbohydrate) was provided initially. Subsequently, a 72‐hr (3‐day) fast, or a high fat (85%), 15% protein, essentially carbohydrate‐free (CHO‐free) diet was provided for 72 hr. Triacylglycerol (TAG), non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β‐hydroxybutyrate (bHB), and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) profiles were determined during the last 24 hr of intervention, as well as during the control diet.ResultsRegardless of the amount of dietary fat (30% vs 85%) and differences in 24‐hr profiles, TAG, NEFA, and bHB all returned to the previous basal concentrations within 24 hr. TAGs and NEFAs changed only modestly with fasting; bHB was elevated and increasing. The IGFBP‐1 profile was essentially unchanged with either diet but increased with fasting.ConclusionA CHO‐free diet resulted in a large increase in TAG and NEFA versus the control diet; however, both were cleared by the following morning. A negative NEFA profile occurred with the control diet. Thus, mechanisms are present to restore lipid concentrations to their original AM concentrations daily. Fasting resulted in stable concentrations, except for a continuing increase in bHB. Glucose and insulin, common fuel regulators, could not explain the results.

Exploring the relation between methylxanthines and plasma lipids in two population-based studies

Abstract Background Chronic intake of caffeinated beverages might be associated with plasma lipids via disturbed lipid metabolism. Previous investigations have been limited by the use of self-reported caffeine intake instead of measured caffeine, whereas the associations between plasma lipids and other methylxanthines (paraxanthine, theobromine, theophylline) are unknown. Here, we investigated the associations of plasma lipids with caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine in two European populations. Methods Individuals were selected from the general population of North Belgium (FLEMENGHO) and Switzerland (SKIPOGH). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in plasma using standard enzymatic methods. Plasma and 24h urinary caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine excretions were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We used mixed models to explore the associations of methylxanthines with plasma lipids while adjusting for major confounders. Results Overall, 1946 FLEMENGHO participants (911 men, age 45.9±15.2 years) and 990 SKIPOGH participants (467 men, age 47.1±17.3 years) were included. Mean plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in FLEMENGHO/SKIPOGH were 5.37/5.06, 3.12/3.12, 1.43/1.50, and 2.4/1.02 mmol/L. In both cohorts, adjusted mean total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, increased with quartile of plasma caffeine, with stronger associations in men. Similar positive associations were observed for paraxanthine and theophylline. Similar associations were observed using 24h urine excretions in SKIPOGH. Conclusions Plasma and urinary caffeine, paraxanthine, and theophylline were positively associated with plasma lipids in men, whereas there were fewer meaningful associations in women. The increase in plasma lipids might mitigate the overall beneficial impact of caffeinated beverages on health. Key messages Caffeine constitutes one of the most widely consumed biological active substances. Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of caffeine and its derived metabolites is positively associated with plasma lipids.

Fatty acids composition in erythrocyte membranes of athletes after one and after a series of whole body cryostimulation sessions

Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) is a treatment often used by athletes as part of biological renewal. Despite the large interest in this form therapy there is still a lack of information on the effects of WBC on the concentration of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes. Our study aimed at comparing the fatty acids (FA) composition of erythrocyte membranes of athletes after one session and after a series of sessions of whole body cryostimulation. In our study small changes in the level of total cholesterol (decrease) were observed 24 h after a single session. After the twelfth session of whole body cryostimulation, the level of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mainly palmitic acid (C16:0) and n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5n-3) increased almost two-times fold in the red blood cell membranes. The level of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-6), mainly gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6) as well as trans fatty acids (elaidic acid) decreased in the erythrocyte membranes from men after a series of session in a cryochamber, when compared to the control sample. The n-3/n-6 FA ratio in the erythrocyte membranes was higher after twelfth session in a cryochamber in comparison to the control sample.The data obtained during our study will be important for further research regarding the biochemistry of lipids in men after sessions of whole body cryostimulation.

The impact of ageing, physical activity, and pre-frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men.

BackgroundThe exact impact of ageing on skeletal muscle phenotype and mitochondrial and lipid content remains controversial, probably because physical activity, which greatly influences muscle physiology, is rarely accounted for. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, and mitochondrial and intramyocellular lipid content in men.MethodsRecreationally active young adult (20–30 yo; YA); active (ACT) and sedentary (SED) middle‐age (50–65 yo; MA‐ACT and MA‐SED); and older (65 + yo; 65 + ACT and 65 + SED) and pre‐frail older (65 + PF) men were recruited. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected to assess, on muscle cross sections, muscle phenotype (using myosin heavy chain isoforms immunolabelling), the fibre type‐specific content of mitochondria (by quantifying the succinate dehydrogenase stain intensity), and the fibre type‐specific lipid content (by quantifying the Oil Red O stain intensity).ResultsOnly 65 + SED and 65 + PF displayed significantly lower overall and type IIa fibre sizes vs. YA. 65 + SED displayed a lower type IIa fibre proportion vs. YA. MA‐SED and 65 + SED displayed a higher hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre proportion vs. YA. Sedentary and pre‐frail, but not active, men displayed lower mitochondrial content irrespective of fibre type vs. YA. 65 + SED, but not 65 + ACT, displayed a higher lipid content in type I fibres vs. YA. Finally, mitochondrial content, but not lipid content, was positively correlated with indices of muscle function, functional capacity, and insulin sensitivity across all subjects.ConclusionsTaken altogether, our results indicate that ageing in sedentary men is associated with (i) complex changes in muscle phenotype preferentially affecting type IIa fibres; (ii) a decline in mitochondrial content affecting all fibre types; and (iii) an increase in lipid content in type I fibres. They also indicate that physical activity partially protects from the effects of ageing on muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and lipid accumulation. No skeletal specific muscle phenotype of pre‐frailty was observed.

Sex differences in food choices, adherence to dietary recommendations and plasma lipid profile in type 2 diabetes – The TOSCA.IT study

Background and aimsDiabetic women have a more adverse plasma lipid profile than men. Sex differences in dietary habits may play a role, but are little investigated. The study evaluates the quality of diet, adherence to the nutritional recommendations of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group and their relation with plasma lipid in men and women with diabetes. Methods and resultsWe studied 2573 people, aged 50–75, enrolled in the TOSCA.IT study (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00700856). Plasma lipids were measured centrally. Diet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Women had a more adverse plasma lipid profile than men. Women consumed significantly more legumes, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, vegetable oils, and added sugar, whereas men consumed more starchy foods, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages. This stands for a higher proportion (%) of energy intake from saturated fat and added sugar (12.0 ± 2.4 vs 11.5 ± 2.5 and 3.4 ± 3.2 vs 2.3 ± 3.2, P < 0.04), and a higher intake of fiber (11.2 ± 2.8 vs 10.4 ± 2.6 g/1000 Kcal/day) in women. Adherence to the recommendations for saturated fat and fiber consumption was associated with significantly lower LDL-cholesterol regardless of sex. Adherence to the recommendations for added sugars was associated with significantly lower triglycerides and higher HDL-cholesterol in men and women. ConclusionsMen and women with diabetes show significant differences in adherence to nutritional recommendations, but sex differences in plasma lipid profile are unlikely to be explained by nutritional factors. Adherence to the nutritional recommendations is associated with a better plasma lipid profile regardless of sex, thus reinforcing the importance of substituting saturated for unsaturated fat sources, increasing fiber and reducing added sugar intake.

Effects of dairy vs. sugar‐sweetened products on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β‐cell function and plasma lipids in men and women at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (117.3)

This randomized, controlled, crossover trial assessed the effects of dairy (2 servings/d 2% milk and 1 serving/d low‐fat yogurt) vs. sugar‐sweetened (2 servings/d non‐diet soda and 1 serving/d non‐dairy pudding) product consumption for 3 wk on insulin sensitivity, β‐cell function, and plasma lipids. Subjects were 34 consumers of sugar‐sweetened beverages (蠅2 servings/d), 50% female, mean age 53.8 y and BMI 32.2 kg/m2, with multiple risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A liquid meal tolerance test (LMTT) was administered at baseline (BL) and the end of each treatment. Changes from BL (dairy condition shown first) were significantly different between conditions for mean homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA‐%S; 17.8 vs. ‐17.3%; P = 0.01; BL = 127.1%), LMTT disposition index (‐0.03 vs. ‐0.36; P = 0.01; BL = 2.59), and HDL‐C (0.8 vs. ‐4.2%; P = 0.01; BL = 44.3 mg/dL). Median changes from BL in LMTT Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (0.54 vs. ‐0.26; BL = 4.16) and HOMA β‐cell function (0.5 vs. 3.8%; BL = 68.4%) did not differ significantly between treatments. These results suggest that dairy consumption, compared with sugar‐sweetened products, improves HOMA‐%S, LMTT disposition index, and HDL‐C in men and women at‐risk for T2DM.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute

Abstract 18133: Between- and Within-Person Changes in Weight and Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Effect on Blood Pressure and Lipids in Men and Women From the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Controlling risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia by maintaining a healthy weight and achieving an adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) could result in improvements in cardiovascular health. The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study is the most extensive resource available for evaluating the simultaneous effects of changes in weight and CRF on CVD risk factors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the within-person relationships between body weight, CRF, and CVD risk factors, while controlling for the corresponding between-person relationships. We hypothesized that increases in weight and decreases in CRF over a ten-year time period would result in detrimental effects on blood pressure and lipids, and vice-versa. Methods: The study sample consisted of 4,439 men and 651 women who had at least 5 preventive medical examinations during any ten year period from 1977 to 2006. The examination included a maximal exercise test, anthropometric and clinical measures, and a medical history questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to model the cardiovascular risk factors over time, providing estimates of between- and within-person effects. Results: Aging alone did not significantly predict changes in CVD risk factors in women or men after adjustment for covariates including CRF and weight, with the exception of total and LDL cholesterol in men. Increases in body weight were associated with increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and decreases in HDL in women and men. The largest effect of weight gain for women and men was seen in triglycerides, with a 2.29 mg/dL and 3.57 mg/dL increase per pound of weight gained per year, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Increases in CRF were associated with improvements in diastolic blood pressure [-0.39 mmHg (women); -0.10 mmHg (men)] and HDL [0.35 mg/dL (women); 0.63 mg/dL (men)] over time and in triglycerides (-2.26 mg/dL) in men only ( P &lt; 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Changes in body weight over a ten year period predicted changes in all CVD risk factors examined in women and men; whereas changes in CRF predicted changes in diastolic blood pressure and HDL.

Intramuscular Fat and Associations With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Intramuscular fat accumulates between muscle fibers or within muscle cells. We investigated the association of intramuscular fat with other ectopic fat deposits and metabolic risk factors. Participants (n=2945; 50.2% women; mean age 50.8 years) from the Framingham Heart Study underwent multidetector computed tomography scanning of the abdomen. Regions of interest were placed on the left and right paraspinous muscle, and the muscle attenuation (MA) in Hounsfield units was averaged. We examined the association between MA and metabolic risk factors in multivariable models, and additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in separate models. MA was associated with dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in both sexes. In women, per standard deviation decrease in MA, there was a 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.64) increase in the odds of diabetes mellitus, a 1.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.61) increase in the odds of high triglycerides, and a 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.48) increase in the odds of hypertension. However, none of these associations persisted after adjustment for BMI or VAT. In men, we observed similar patterns for most risk factors. The exception was metabolic syndrome, which retained association in women even after adjustment for BMI and VAT, and low high density lipoprotein and high triglycerides in men, whose associations also persisted after adjustment for BMI and VAT. MA was associated with metabolic risk factors, but most of these associations were lost after adjustment for BMI or VAT. However, a unique association remained for metabolic syndrome in women and lipids in men.

Erişkin Türk Toplumunda Kan Yağlarındaki Bozulmayı Öngörmede Beden Yağı ve Antropometrik Ölçütlerin Etkinliği

Objective: Anthropometric measurements are frequently used to determine the body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a fairly a new technique that is used to assess the percentage body fat (PBF). The objectives of this study were to examine the association between PBF, anthropometric measurements and serum lipids in men and women and to compare the ability of anthropometric measurements and PBF for estimating impaired serum lipids. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study included 974 participants (age ≥30) of the Heart of Balçova (BAK) Project. Serum lipids [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride], PBF and anthropometric measurements (body mass index-BMI, waist circumference-WC, waist hip ratio-WHpR, waist height ratio-WHtR) were examined. Results: Obesity was common among participants. Mean total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C values were above the recommended levels. PBF and anthropometric measurements were associated with HDL-C in men. The association between PBF and anthropometric measurements with HDL-C and triglyceride was stronger for women than it was for men. BMI was the best indicator for HDL-C in men. For women, all indices and PBF were successful in estimating serum lipids; WHpR was the best indicator for TC and LDL-C, WHtR for triglyceride and WC for HDL-C. Conclusion: PBF and anthropometric measurements had weak but significant correlations with serum lipids and PBF was not superior to anthropometric indices. Waist-height ratio is an easy, non-invasive anthropometric measurement that can be used in defining obesity.

Dyslipidaemia is associated with testosterone, oestradiol and androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in men with type 2 diabetes

There is a high prevalence of low testosterone and dyslipidaemia in men with type 2 diabetes. The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism (AR CAG) affects receptor transcriptional activity (the shorter repeats the more sensitive AR) and is associated with androgenic parameters and obesity. This study describes the relationships between testosterone, AR CAG and serum lipids in men with type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional study of men with type 2 diabetes in a District General Hospital Diabetes Centre. Correlation between testosterone, AR CAG and serum lipids. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated with total testosterone (TT) (r = 0·251, P < 0·001), bioavailable testosterone (BT) (r = 0·19, P = 0·001), free testosterone (FT) (r = 0·165, P = 0·005) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (r = 0·147, P = 0·014). HDL-C did not correlate with oestradiol, but men with the lowest quartile of oestradiol had lower HDL-C compared to highest quartile (P = 0·046). Triglycerides correlated negatively with TT (r = -0·195, P = 0·001), BT (r = -0·148, P = 0·013) and SHBG (-0·14, P = 0·019) but not with FT or oestradiol. Total and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) correlated negatively with oestradiol (r = -0·121, P = 0·05) but not with testosterone or SHBG. One-way anova testing across four quartiles of AR CAG showed a trend to alteration in HDL-C across groups of AR CAG (P = 0·08). HDL-C was significantly higher in men with the longest AR CAG compared with the shortest (1·19 vs 1·08 mmol/l, P = 0·02). Lower testosterone and oestradiol levels in men with diabetes are associated with an adverse lipid profile. Shorter AR CAG is associated with low HDL-C and testosterone. The paradox that HDL-C is associated with low testosterone levels and a more active AR may suggest divergent effect of testosterone on HDL-C via genomic vs nongenomic mechanisms.

Effects of consuming a yogurt containing plant sterols, as part of a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Diet, on blood lipids in men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia

Objective was to assess the effects of an intervention involving TLC diet, including consumption of a plant sterol containing yogurt, on the fasting lipoprotein lipid profile and blood pressure in men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia. Study included men and women (n = 34), 40–69 yrs, with fasting LDL‐C of 130–210 mg/dL. At week 0, participants were instructed on the TLC diet and provided with yogurt to be consumed twice daily (0.6 g plant sterol/serving) for six weeks. Fasting lipids were measured at baseline (weeks ‐1 and 0) and weeks 2, 4, and 6. Participants were mostly female (73.5%) and of non‐Hispanic white ethnicity (91.2%) with a mean age of 52.7 yrs and BMI of 26.8. Significant reductions from baseline were observed for LDL‐C (−8.2 %; p &lt; 0.001), TC (−6.9 %; p &lt; 0.001), non‐ HDL‐C (−7.3 %; p &lt; 0.001) and HDL‐C (−4.5 %; p = 0.023). Blood pressure decreased from 121.5/76.9 mm Hg at baseline to 116.1/74.6 mm Hg at the end of treatment (p &lt; 0.03 for systolic and diastolic). The mean MEDFICTS score decreased from week 0 (53.7) to week 6 (32.4; p &lt; 0.001), indicating compliance with the TLC diet. These results show that the TLC diet including consumption of yogurt containing plant sterols (1.2 g/day) was associated with improvements in total, LDL, and non‐HDL‐C and blood pressure in men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia.Funding: General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN.

Preliminary report: Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein genotype and serum levels are associated with serum lipids

Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a serum protein implicated in cancer cachexia and lipolysis. Our aim was to investigate serum levels of ZAG and polymorphisms in the ZAG gene in relation to serum lipids in man. Serum levels of ZAG correlated with serum levels of cholesterol ( P = .00088) in healthy subjects and during weight loss ( P = .059). The ZAG genotype was associated with total cholesterol ( P = .014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = .026) in healthy subjects, and the associations were replicated in an additional cohort ( P = .0017 and P = .060, respectively). Our data indicate that ZAG plays a role in lipid metabolism.

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Blood Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged Japanese Men and Women

This study investigated the association between dietary glycemic index (GI)/glycemic load (GL) and serum lipids in middle-aged Japanese men and women. The study participants were employees of a metal products factory in Japan: 2,257 men and 1,598 women aged 35 years or older. Dietary GI and GL were assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Serum lipid levels, adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, menopause status, and dietary intake of total energy, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and fiber, were compared among GI/GL quintiles for each gender. No significant associations were observed between GI and adjusted serum lipids in men or women. In contrast, GL was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol in men and women (p for trend=0.001 for men and < 0.001 for women), and positively associated with non-HDL-cholesterol (p for trend=0.010), LDL-cholesterol (p for trend=0.035) and triglycerides (p for trend=0.011) in women; however, alcohol drinking affected these associations; there was no association between GL and serum lipids in male nondrinkers and between GL and LDL-cholesterol in female nondrinkers. GL was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol and positively associated with non-HDL-cholesterol in Japanese women. These associations in men were not observed in nondrinkers. A high-GL diet for women may have an atherogenic effect through these serum lipid abnormalities.

Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and PCBs in the general population living near an urban waste treatment plant in Biscay, Basque Country

Levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were measured in 16 pooled samples of serum from a total of 322 adults in the general population, to coincide with the start-up of a new municipal solid urban waste treatment plant in Biscay, Basque Country (Spain). Two hundred and eighty-three individual serum samples were also obtained, in which the most common PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) were quantified. The samples were taken from four geographical zones: two from the metropolitan area of Bilbao, located less than 2 km from the plant and with high traffic density (Zones E1 and E2), a third located 5 km from the plant in an urban area of Bilbao, also with high traffic density (Zone C1) and the fourth located 20 km from the plant, in a municipality with minimal industrial activity and low traffic density (Zone C2), the latter two being out of the path of the prevailing winds. The median levels of dioxins+furans were similar by zone: E1 = 24.3, E2 = 27.3, C1 = 21.3, C2 = 18.8 pg g −1 lipid (p = 0.362); by sex: 20.2 vs. 22.6 pg g −1 lipid in men and women (p = 0.328); and by age: 20.8 vs. 21.3 pg g −1 lipid in subjects aged 20–44 and 45–69 ( p = 0.505). No detectable levels of PCBs 52 and 101 were found. Significant differences by zone were found only for PCB 180 ( p = 0.041), with higher values in Zone C2, the zone with the lowest presumed contamination levels. Dioxin-like PCBs ( p < 0.001) and the most common PCBs (138, 153, 180) ( p < 0.001) were both statistically associated with age, higher values being found in the 45–69 age group.

Dietary cholesterol and serum lipids in man.

Dietary Cholesterol and Serum Lipids in Man Get access Nutrition Reviews, Volume 19, Issue 10, October 1961, Pages 293–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1961.tb01840.x Published: 01 October 1961

On the glandular origin of seminal plasma lipids in man.

The aim of this study is to examine the glandular origin of seminal fluid lipids in man. The triglycerides, the total cholesterol, the non-esterified fatty acid and the total phospholipids were measured in seminal plasma of vasectomized patients (n = 8) and control subjects (n = 15). The same parameters were measured in seminal plasma collected in three fractions from split ejaculates (n = 10). The total cholesterol and the non-esterified fatty acid are principally prostatic in origin. The phospholipids are secreted by the epididymis but also by the prostate. The origin of the triglycerides seems to be very varied.

Effects of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on Fasting Lipids in Men and Women with Primary Hypercholesterolemia Receiving Statin Therapy

Effects of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on Fasting Lipids in Men and Women with Primary Hypercholesterolemia Receiving Statin Therapy