Lipid Profile In Diabetic Rats Research Articles

Potential hepato-protective effect of Salvia hispanica (chia) and Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) in diabetic male albino rats

Chia and quinoa seeds are novel sources of bioactive compounds that may improve lipid profile, blood glucose homeostasis, and body weight in diabetic rats. This work aims to study the effect of different percentages of chia and quinoa consumption, alone or in a mixture, compared to Metformin drug on regulating lipid profile, blood glucose level, and weight of male diabetic rats. The consumption of quinoa and chia seeds showed a significant decline in fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin level, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin (HOMA-IR), while the best results were obtained with Metformin and chia seeds. A decrease in mean body weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), and an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) occurred, which was significant when consuming chia and quinoa seeds rather than treatment with metformin. Chia and quinoa seeds could improve blood glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in diabetic rats. These research findings could promote the daily consumption of quinoa and chia as great functional foods that could improve blood glucose homeostasis and lipid profile.

Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that causes persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin action or secretion. Regular physical exercise has been reported to improve glycemia and lipid profile in diabetes. However, literature is scare on the effects of swimming exercise on the serum levels of adiponectin and glucose 6 phosphatase in Wister rats with diabetes This study therefore, investigated the effects of swimming exercise on adiponectin, glucose 6-phosphatase and lipid profile in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This study was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five groups (n=5/group): group 1=control, group 2=diabetes, group 3=diabetes treated with metformin, group 4=non-diabetes and swimming exercise, group 5=diabetes and swimming exercise. Animals in groups 2, 3, and 5 were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After 72 hours of diabetes induction, animals with a blood glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl were confirmed diabetics and used for the study. Group 3 animals were treated with metformin 200mg/kg giving orally for 28 days. Animals in groups 4 and 5 were subjected to swimming exercises for 5-10 minutes during the first week until they could swim freely for 30 minutes. The animals were then allowed to swim 5 days per week for 28 days. Swimming exercise for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Ppase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total cholesterol (TC), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels but caused significant increase in adiponectin and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) of diabetic animals caused by swimming for 28 days. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise for 28 days may help lower glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin level and decreasing G6Pase activity in diabetic rats. Also, swimming exercise may help improve lipid profile in diabetic rats.

INFLUENCE OF FERMENTED MELON SEED (OGIRI) PROTEIN ISOLATE ON POSTPRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETIC RATS

ABSTRACT Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting millions worldwide, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated with serious complications. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of Ogiri Protein Isolate (OPI) derived from fermented melon seeds (Citrullus vulgaris) and its effects on blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and key organs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods Forty-two rats were divided into seven groups: positive control, negative control, diabetic group treated with 20% OPI, non-diabetic group treated with 20% OPI, diabetic group treated with 10% OPI, non-diabetic group treated with 10% OPI, and diabetic group treated with 80mg/kg Glibenclamide for 14 days. Fasting serum glucose levels, feed and water intake, weight gain, and plasma HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured. Results OPI treatment significantly reduced fasting serum glucose levels in diabetic rats. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in feed and water intake in treated groups. Weight gain improved in OPI-treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels increased significantly in all treated groups compared to the control, with the highest levels in non-diabetic and untreated groups. Similar trends were observed in plasma and liver triglycerides. Conclusion The findings suggest that OPI possesses anti-diabetic properties, significantly lowering blood glucose levels and improving lipid profiles in diabetic rats. OPI holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes management. Further research is needed to validate these results in human studies. Keywords: Ogiri Protein Isolate (OPI), anti-diabetic, Diabetes mellitus, Postprandial blood glucose and Alloxan.

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF FRUITS EXTRACTS OF Balanites aeqyptiaca AND Adansonia digitata ON LIPIDERMIC PARAMETERS OF DIABETICS ALBINO RAT

Lipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly in people with diabetes mellitus. High plasma triglyceride concentration, low HDL cholesterol concentration, and elevated concentration of tiny dense LDL cholesterol particles are some of its distinguishing features. Fruits from Balanites aeqyptiaca and Adansonia digitata have the ability to decrease blood pressure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the combined effects of the two fruits on the lipidemia of alloxan-induced albino rats. Utilizing the glucose dehydrogenase method, glucometer accu-check was used for the evaluation of blood glucose levels. Investigations were also conducted on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats to measure total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). According to the results, B. aegyptiaca and A. digitata fruit extracts significantly reduced the lipid profiles of the treated groups when used at concentrations of 80:20, 160:40, and 240:60 mg/Kg body weight, respectively. While the lipid profiles were significantly reduced in groups that received treatment at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight. However, the groups treated with the highest doses of the extracts demonstrated the most significant effects on the levels of triglycerides (47mg/dl), HDL (79mg/dl), and LDL (40mg/dl). The fruits have shown cumulative effects on their potential to lower the lipid profile of diabetic rats, validating their folkloric usage in the management of cardiovascular illnesses.

The Effect of Giving Avocado Leaf and Seed Extract as Antidiabetes: A Systematic Literature Review

This literature review aimed to determine the effect of giving avocado leaf extract and seeds as an antidiabetic. The literature study was conducted by choosing an experimental research design using experimental animal subjects. The results of a review of 9 articles showed that avocado seed and leaf extract as antidiabetics were that both of them showed potential as promising antidiabetic agents. Research on avocado seed extract showed that administration of avocado seed extract positively improved glycemic control and reduced diabetes symptoms in diabetic rats. On the other hand, research on avocado leaf extract showed that administration of avocado leaf extract could also reduce blood glucose levels and regulate lipid profiles in diabetic rats. These two extracts show different but consistent effects in improving blood glucose regulation and lipid profiles in diabetic conditions. Avocado seed extract showed a more significant effect in reducing diabetes symptoms, while avocado leaf extract showed promising potential in regulating blood glucose levels and lipid profiles.

Blood Glucose Level, Langerhans Pancreas and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Rats After Administration of Red Betel, Ginger and Cinnamon Combination Extract.

Previous studies had reported antihyperglycemic activity in vitro, in vivo and in silico of red betel (Piper crocatum) extract, which was associated with its polyphenolic, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids compounds. This study aimed to determine blood glucose level, Langerhans pancreas, lipid profile and bodyweight of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after administrating red betel combination extract. Red betel combination extract is composed of red betel extract that was combined with ginger and cinnamon extracts. 16 male rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided randomly into two controls groups (Normal and diabetic groups; orally administered with 2 mL of aquadest for 14 days) and two extract groups (diabetic groups; orally administered with red betel combination extract 9 mL/kg BW and 13.5 mL/kg BW). Results showed that the administration of red betel combination extract for 14 days (9 mL/kg BW dosage) decreased the rat's blood glucose level up to 55.42%, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the rat's blood glucose levels on day 3. While the combination extract (dosages 9 mL/kg BW and 13.5 mL/kg BW) increased the numbers of rat Langerhans islets up to 10.9%-30.6%. The level of rat's blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels in the diabetic control group were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to that of the diabetic with red betel combination extract and normal groups. The treatment orally with red betel combination extract (various dosages) for 14 days suppressed the weight loss of rats by 10%-11%.

Effect of Ishige Okamurae Algae Extract on Omentin-1 Gene, IL-6 Gene, Glucose, Insulin, and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Synthetic medicines usually have side effects; thus seeking alternatives is preferable. Ishige Okamurae Algae might act as a hypoglycemic agent beside its other bioactive effects. In the present study, the effect of IO on diabetic rats was studied concerning Omentin-1 gene, IL-6 gene, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL. Ishige Okamurae was extracted and fractionated. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as control, GRP 2 served as untreated diabetic group. GRP 3 non Diabatic were administered with ethanol extract of IO at a dose of 250 mg/kg B.W , GRP 4 were diabetic and received an oral dose of 250 mg/kg Body wight (BW) of ethanol extract of Ishige Okamurae. At the end of the treatment period, animals were euthanized under anesthesia. Blood was withdrawn from the abdominal aorta and the adipose tissues were removed and stored at −80°C until use. RNA was extracted from the frozen adipose tissues to study the effect of IO on both Omentin-1, and IL-6 gene. Relative expression in omentin and lL-6 mRNA levels were calculated. The current study revealed that IO Algae plays a role in increasing blood insulin level, decreasing blood glucose, lowering cholesterol, decreasing triglycerides, decreasing LDL, increasing HDL, suppressing the expression of IL-6 gene, thus, reducing the harmful prolonged inflammatory effect of IL-6, whereas increasing the expression of omentin-1 gene increases sensitivity to insulin. Therefore, it may be recommended to use this algae to treat diabetes and reduce its complications.

Comparative Study Between Quercus Infectoria Galls Extract and Glimepiride On Pancreas and Some Blood Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease involving improperly high blood glucose level, hyperlipidemia and hypoinsulinemia. The aim of current study is to assess and compare the influence of Quercus infectoria galls (QIg) extract and glimepiride on pancreatic β-cells secretory function and serum lipid profile in diabetic rats. In the present study, thirty six male rats were used and divided into six groups (n=6), including negative control, STZ induced diabetic control, treated diabetic rats with glimepiride (200mg/Kg Bw), and treated diabetic rats with different concentrations QIg extract, 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg/Kg Bw for 42 days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, all rats were fasted overnight, blood samples were collected for measuring fasting blood glucose, insulin hormone and lipid profile. All rats were then scarified by using chloroform in order to take part of the pancreatic tissue. The results show a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, HbA1c% with obvious elevation in serum insulin hormone and high-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats treated with QIg extract and glimepiride compared with diabetic untreated group. In addition, high atherogenic index in diabetic rats was significantly reduced by different concentrations of QIg extract and glimepiride. Histopathogical results revealed that there was a significant and dose-dependent morphological restoration in the pancreatic structure damages especially at high dose of the extract. These findings provide a new insight into the role of QIg methanolic extract in maintaining normal blood glucose and adequate pancreatic insulin hormone secretion in diabetic rats, amelioration of dyslipidemia and associated cardiovascular alterations with subsequent improvement in pancreatic structural damages in diabetic rats.

Changes Resulting From Resistance Training in the Ratio of Interferon-gamma to Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

Background and Objectives Diabetes is associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and development of atrophy and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that resistance training at appropriate intensity can reduce inflammation generally. This study aims to investigate the effect of a progressive resistance training (PRT) program on serum concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and lipid profile in rats with type 1 diabetes. Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats aged 40 days and weighing 250±30 g were divided into four groups of healthy control, healthy trained, diabetic control, diabetic trained. Streptozotocin (55 μg/kg per body weight) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. A 6-week PRT protocol was performed, including climbing a ladder with weights at three sessions per week (one hour per day), where the load increased by 5% increase each week. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in IFN-γ level between the diabetic trained group and other groups (P&gt;0.05). The IGF-1 level in diabetic trained group was significantly lower than in the healthy control and trained control groups (P=0.002). The ratio of IGF-1/IFN-γ in diabetic trained group was significantly lower than in the trained control (P=0.003) and healthy control (P=0.008) groups. In assessing the lipid profile, the cholesterol level was higher in the diabetic trained group compared to the healthy control group (P=0.028). Moreover, triglyceride level was significantly higher in the diabetic trained group compared to the diabetic control (P=0.033), trained control (P=0.003) and healthy control (P=0.002) groups. Conclusion Six weeks of PRT cannot lead to desired efficacy in diabetic rats compared to non-trained diabetic rats. However, the small changes such as increased IGF-1 and HDL levels and decreased serum glucose level, can help with the clinical improvement of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Effects of Ambon Banana Juice on Glucose Levels and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

Consumption of fruit juice is an alternative for diabetic patients who cannot consume fresh. Banana is one of the recommended fruits for diabetic patients because it has flavonoid content. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Ambon banana juice on fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in diabetic Wistar rats. The type of research is an experimental laboratory study with a pre-posttest design. The research sample was 21 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups, T1 (control), T2 (10% fructose), and T3 (4 ml of Ambon banana juice) which were administered for 21 days. The FBG, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were examined using the colourimetric enzymatic method. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests. Ambon banana juice can improve FBG levels compared to control (p less than 0.01). Ambon banana juice can increase triglyceride levels but is significantly different from T2 (p less than 0.01). Ambon banana juice did not significantly increase total cholesterol levels compared to T2 (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, Ambon banana juice was demonstrated to decrease FBG and did not increase triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Konsumsi jus buah merupakan alternatif bagi penderita diabetes yang tidak dapat mengkonsumsi buah segar. Pisang termasuk jenis buah yang direkomendasikan penderita diabetes, karena memiliki senyawa flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek jus pisang Ambon terhadap glukosa darah puasa (GDP), kadar trigliserida dan kolesterol total pada tikus diabetes. Jenis penelitian yaitu eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain pre-post test. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 21 ekor wistar jantan yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, T1 (kontrol), T2 (10% fruktosa), dan T3 (4ml jus pisang Ambon) yang diberikan selama 21 hari. Kadar GDP, trigliserida dan kolesterol total diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri enzimatik. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dan tes post hoc. Jus pisang ambon dapat membantu menurunkan kadar GDP dibanding kontrol (p kurang dari 0,01). Jus pisang Ambon dapat meningkatkan kadar trigliserida tetapi signifikan berbeda dibanding T2 (p kurang dari 0,01). Jus pisang ambon tidak signifikan meningkatkan kadar kolesterol total dibanding T2 (p kurang dari 0,01). Oleh karena itu, jus pisang ambon dapat membantu menurunkan kadar GDP dan tidak meningkatkan kadar trigliserida dan kolesterol total.

Effect of Carob, Doum, and Cinnamon Powder on Blood Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

Effect of Carob, Doum, and Cinnamon Powder on Blood Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

The Effect of Strobilanthes crispus on Blood Glucose Levels and Lipid Profile of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with unhealthy eating patterns, a lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking habits, and family history. Strobilanthes crispus (SC) contains antioxidant compounds known to exert a hypoglycemic effect during long-term interventions in non-diabetic samples. AIM: This study sought to determine the effect of administering the extract of SC leaves on the blood glucose levels and blood serum lipid profiles of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: A total of 30 male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into control and treatment groups. The control groups consisted of negative (normal rats) and positive controls (diabetic rats), whereas the treatment groups consisted of diabetic rats administered with 3.2% and 16.8% SC leaf extract, and glibenclamide as the drug comparison groups. Blood samples were collected from the rats’ retro-orbital vein for the purposes of glucose level and lipid profile measurement before and after the induction of diabetes with STZ as well as 14 days after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed statistically by means of a one-way analysis of variance continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. RESULTS: The results showed the rats to be hyperglycemic experienced changes in their lipid profiles following the induction of diabetes. The administration of 3.2% SC leaf extract for 14 days reduced the rats’ blood glucose levels, while the effect of the 16.8% SC leaf extract was more pronounced in terms of reducing the rats’ blood glucose levels and improving their lipid profiles (reducing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels). CONCLUSIONS: This study found 16.8% SC leaf extract to exert a good hypoglycemic effect and leads to an improvement in the lipid profiles in diabetic rats.

Is Coriandrum sativum Hypolipidemic in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats?

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a widely recognized metabolic condition. Due to various side effects of currently available medicines, studies have reported the use of many plants in various areas for the traditional management of diabetes.&#x0D; Aims &amp; Objectives: To determine the effects of Coriandum sativum seeds on lipid profile in diabetic rats.&#x0D; Place and duration of study: This experimental research was conducted at Physiology Department, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Lahore from August 2013 to January, 2014.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: Ninety rats were randomly distributed into three groups of (n=30) each. Group A was healthy control, group B was disease control and group C was diabetic experimental which was treated with Coriandrum sativum with a single dosage of 250 mg/kg of body weight/day through a gavage tube for 28 days. On next day, 4-5ml blood was collected through heart from each rat. The markers evaluated were high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Data was analyzed by using SPSS version16 , p value &lt;0.05 was considered significant.&#x0D; Results: The experimental group showed highly significant (p=0.000) lower levels of serum LDL (25.47±3.90mg/dl), serum cholesterol (100.33±2.81 mg/dl), serum triglyceride (96.97±4.79 mg/dl) and serum VLDL (19.40±0.97 mg/dl) as compared to healthy control and disease control group. The level of serum high density lipoprotein revealed (55.27±3.69 mg/dl) highly significant rise (p=0.000).&#x0D; Conclusion: Oral administration of Coriandrum sativum has revealed the lipid lowering impacts in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Implication of Mode of Consumption of Allium cepa L. (Onion) on Lipoglycemic and Anthropometric Impacts in Diabetic Rats: A Function of Choice

Background: Use of Allium cepa L. (Onion) as spice in traditional cooking, concoctions and preparations has long been established since ancient time. However, the implication of its mode of consumption on health benefits is inadequately considered or explored. Objectives: This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study aimed to determine and compare the effects of consumption of Allium cepa in its raw form and in mixed meal on body weight, glycemic tolerance/control and, lipid profile in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty one adult (170-200g) male Wistar rats were randomly categorized into three experimental groups (n=7, each): Diabetic Control (DC), Diabetic Onion Extract-Treated (DOE), and Diabetic Onion-supplemented Diet-Fed (DSO). Diabetes was inducted with 150 mg/dL, alloxan monohydrate solution intraperitoneally. Animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitum for six weeks. Body weights and Fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations were measured twice weekly. LP and OGTT were conducted. Microsoft Excel and statistical SPSS program version 22 were used for data analysis. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Comparison between groups were made using Students’t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Consumption of onion in its raw (aqueous extract) form caused more reduction in blood glucose concentration (DOE - 38.14% versus DSO - 11.2%; P = 0.02) and body weight gain (DOE -7.71% versus DSO - 16.32%; P = 0.01), with improved lipid profile than when ingested in mixed meal (supplemented diet). Glycemic response curves peaked at 60 minutes of glucose challenge in DSO and DOE groups. Conclusion: Mode of consumption of Allium cepa, influenced its therapeutic anthropometric and lipoglycemic effects in diabetic rats.

Bitter gourd extract improves glucose homeostasis and lipid profile via enhancing insulin signaling in the liver and skeletal muscles of diabetic rats

Objective: To investigate the modulatory effects of bitter gourd extract on the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues of diabetic rats. Methods: The ethanolic extract of bitter gourd was prepared and its contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were assayed. A neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was established and the diabetic rats were assigned into different groups and were treated with different doses of bitter gourd extract (100, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) or with glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg) for 30 d. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were evaluated and the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats was investigated. The correlations between homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the components of insulin signaling pathway were also evaluated. Results: Different doses of bitter gourd extract significantly ameliorated fasting blood glucose level and HOMA index for insulin resistance. Moreover, bitter gourd extract increased serum insulin and improved disrupted serum lipid profile. The levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-insulin receptor β (p-IR-β), protein kinase C (PKC), GLUT2, and GLUT4 were improved by treatment with bitter gourd extract. The best results were obtained with 400 mg/kg dose of the extract, the effect of which was equivalent to that of glibenclamide. HOMA in the bitter gourd treated rats was negatively correlated with p-IR-β, IRS-1 and PKC in hepatic and skeletal muscle. HOMA was also negatively correlated with skeletal muscle GLUT4. Conclusions: Bitter gourd extract improves glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in diabetic rats via enhancement of insulin secretion and sensitivity. Therefore, bitter gourd can be used as a potential pharmacological agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Beneficial Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic Effects of Aerial Branches and Roots Extract of Eryngium caeruleum M. Bieb on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model in Rats

Eryngium caeruleum (Apiacea) is native to the northern forests of Iran. The anti-diabetic effect of other species of the genus Eryngium has already been reported in previous studies. In this study, the anti-diabetic effect of this extract on animal blood lipid factors was investigated. Hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from different parts of the plant, including roots, leaves, and aerial branches with fruits were prepared by maceration with 70% ethanol. Oral acute toxicity of the extracts was assayed in different doses of 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg in rats. To induce diabetes in the studied animals, 60-70 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally (IP). For the purpose of this study, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into different groups of normal, diabetic, and positive controls (metformin 500 mg/kg) as well as 9 diabetic groups that orally received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of extracts. The effects of the treatment with extracts for a 14-day period were investigated on weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile. By comparing the control groups with the groups of hydroalcoholic extracts of E. caeruleum showed that the most effective sample on weight gain and also on reducing blood glucose was the group receiving 800 mg/kg of the aerial branches extract (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively) after 14 days. As well, the most effective sample on lowering the blood lipid factors was the hydroalcoholic extract of the root of E. coareleum with a dose of 200 mg/kg, which showed a significant effect on lowering total cholesterol in diabetic rats compared to the diabetic controls (P &lt; 0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of leaves with 200 mg/kg also showed a better effect on lowering the LDL and VLDL levels compared to the diabetic control group (P &lt; 0.001). The results of pancreatic histology in the samples showed that the extracts of the aerial branch and root (800 mg/kg) had significant effects on the regeneration of the islets of Langerhans compared to the diabetic control group. In conclusion, E. caeruleum could significantly improve glycemic and lipid profiles in diabetic rats.

Rutaecarpine enhances the anti-diabetic activity and hepatic distribution of metformin via up-regulation of Oct1 in diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple complications, patients who receive metformin may have a simultaneous intake of herbal medicine containing rutaecarpine due to cardiovascular protection and hypolipidemic effects of rutaecarpine. There might be drug interactions between metformin and rutaecarpine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutaecarpine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of metformin in diabetic rats. The diabetic rat model was induced with high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Metformin with or without rutaecarpine was administered by oral gavage for 42 days. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters were evaluated. The pharmacodynamics results revealed that co-administration of rutaecarpine with metformin resulted in a remarkable reduction of serum glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rats compared to metformin treated alone. The pharmacokinetics results showed that co-treatments of rutaecarpine with metformin did not affect the systemic exposure and renal distribution of metformin, but increased metformin concentration in liver. Furthermore, rutaecarpine increased Oct1-mediated metformin uptake into hepatocytes by upregulation of Oct1 expression in the liver. The above data indicate that rutaecarpine enhanced the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, which may be associated with the increased hepatic distribution of metformin through up-regulation of Oct1 in response to rutaecarpine.

Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Justicia spicigera and Biotin in Liver of Diabetic Rats

The present investigation was directed to study the effect of the compounds present in the Justicia spicigera extract collected at different seasons of the year combined with biotin, in a model of diabetic rats induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally (40 mg / kg). 120 male rats of the Wistar strain weighing between 450-500 g were used, which were randomly divided into six groups that received treatment over a period of 60 days, as follows: a control normoglycemic group (NC) and a control diabetic group (DC) administered only with the vehicle (1% DMSO). A normoglycemic group (NEPV) and a diabetic group (DEPV) administered with the acetate extract spicigera ethyl acetate corresponding to the spring - summer period. A normoglycemic group (NEOI) and a diabetic group (DEOI) administered with J. spicigera ethyl acetate extract corresponding to the autumn - winter period. A normoglycemic group (NB) and a diabetic group administered for 30 days with biotin (DB). A normoglycemic group (NEPVB) and a diabetic group (DEPVB) administered for 60 days with the extract of ethyl acetate of J. spicigera corresponding to the spring-summer period and for 30 days with biotin. A normoglycemic group (NEOIB) and a diabetic group (DEOIB) administered for 60 days with the ethyl acetate extract of J. spicigera corresponding to autumn - winter period and for 30 days with biotin. During the treatment, the weight and the levels of glycemia and triacylglycerides were determined. After the treatment, the liver was dissected and homogenized to determine the concentration of liver lipids and the activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT), later the mitochondria were extracted where the activity of the enzyme antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) was carried out and levels of total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). From the blood samples, the lipid profile and liver function tests were evaluated in serum. The results obtained showed that the extract obtained during the spring - summer season has a hypoglycemic, lipid lowering and antioxidant effect. In addition, it was able to decrease liver damage and the possible appearance of liver steatosis in diabetic pathology. On the other hand, the extract obtained during the autumn-winter season only exerted a lipid-lowering effect, which indicates that possibly the compounds responsible for reducing the lipid profile in diabetic rats are found indiscriminately in both climatic seasons to which they were exposed. On the other hand, the combined treatment of biotin with J. spicigera extract obtained during the spring-summer season has a significant lipid-lowering and antioxidant effect on the liver of diabetic rats. Which could be related to the effects that biotin and the components of the extract present individually, becoming a potential treatment to prevent diabetic dyslipidemia and the appearance of liver disease in people with diabetes mellitus.

Dietry Impact of Normal and Germinated Barely Grains Products on body weight and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Rats

Dietry Impact of Normal and Germinated Barely Grains Products on body weight and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Rats

EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM LEAF EXTRACTS

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium on alloxan induced diabetic rat model in rats.&#x0D; Methods: The leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetic model in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg) and rats were treated orally with test extracts, standard drug (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg) and vehicle for 21 d. The hypoglycemic effects and lipid profile of diabetic rats were assessed using diagnostic kits. Finally, histopathological studies were carried out for pancreas.&#x0D; Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed at the dose of 2000 mg/kg (b. w) of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium for ethanol and aqueous extract were found to be safe. A significant reduction (p&lt;0.001) in blood glucose was observed in diabetic rats treated with different doses of extracts compared to untreated diabetic rats. The drug possesses a good hyperlipidemic effect by normalizing the lipid parameters. This was evidenced by histopathological studies; both glibenclamide and 400 mg/kg of Ethanolic extract does appear to be regulated diabetes at the cellular level, resulting in the restoration of near normal architecture pancreatic islet of langerhans.&#x0D; Conclusion: It can be concluded from our research findings that ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifoliumat high dose (400 mg/kg) exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity than extract at low dose (200 mg/kg) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. These extracts also showed improvement in parameters like lipid profile as well as regeneration β-cells in the pancreas and so might be of value in diabetes treatment.