Lipid Profile In Type Research Articles

Association of ABO Gene rs2073823 Polymorphism with Microvascular Complications, sP-Selectin Levels and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent metabolic disorder linked to chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to the development of microvascular complications (MVCs) such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic neuropathy (DN). Genetic factors, including variations in the ABO gene, may influence these complications. This study aimed to investigate the association between the ABO rs2073823 polymorphism and the risk of MVCs in patients with T2D, as well as its impact on inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial markers, and lipid profiles. We conducted an exploratory study involving 96 T2D Iraqi patients (Asian Arabic), examining the distribution of the ABO rs2073823 polymorphism and its correlation with MVCs. We assessed levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, sE-selectin, sP-selectin), glycemic markers, renal function biomarkers, and lipid profiles. Adjustment was made for confounding factors including age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and hypertension. Among the participants, 75% had MVCs, including DR (42%) and DN (65%). The ABO rs2073823 "A/A" genotype was associated with a reduced risk of MVCs under co-dominant (OR=0.16, p=0.045) and recessive models (OR=0.14, p=0.031). This protective effect remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors (OR=0.11, p=0.022). The "A/A" genotype was also linked to lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and sP-selectin. Patients with MVCs exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and sP-selectin. The ABO rs2073823 polymorphism, particularly the "A/A" genotype, is associated with a decreased risk of MVCs in T2D patients and influences lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers. These findings suggest a genetic basis for the susceptibility to MVCs and highlight the role of the ABO gene in modulating inflammation and endothelial function in T2D. Further research is needed to validate these associations and explore potential therapeutic implications.

The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in South Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: In South India, there's limited research on dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, despite the global burden of T2DM. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of elevated lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetic patients from Coimbatore, South India. The scope of dyslipidemia in this population and its potential implications for cardiovascular health can be better understood by assessing the lipid profiles of these patients. Methods: To address this knowledge gap, a comprehensive cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting essential patient information, including the following: age, sex, diagnosis, disease duration, fasting blood sugar levels (BSL), post-breakfast BSL, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride levels, and any relevant notes or observations. Conducting a cross-sectional study in Tamil Nadu with 100 T2DM patients, we found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results: Elevated lipid levels indicate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the T2DM patients in Coimbatore. This emphasizes the need for effective management to reduce cardiovascular risks in T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings call for a comprehensive approach, including vigilant lipid profile monitoring alongside glycemic control, to improve patient outcomes. Addressing dyslipidemia alongside glycemic control can substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. This study contributes crucial data for region-specific guidelines and interventions in South India. Main Points • Novel Demographic Representation: This study offers new insights into the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetes patients from a hospital associated with a public charitable trust in Coimbatore, South India. This setting provides a unique perspective due to its diverse range of patients from various socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds, which enhances the generalizability of the findings. • Gap in Existing Research: There is limited research on dyslipidemia in rural South Indian populations. This study addresses this critical gap by focusing on a previously underrepresented demographic group, rural South Indians, thereby contributing valuable data to the existing body of knowledge on the prevalence and management of dyslipidemia in this region. • High Prevalence of Dyslipidemia: This study reveals a significant prevalence of dyslipidemia among the Type 2 diabetic patients in Coimbatore, highlighting the urgency of integrating effective lipid management strategies alongside diabetes care to mitigate cardiovascular risks and improve patient health outcomes. • Implications for Regional Guidelines: The findings call for tailored regional guidelines and interventions in rural South Indian patients. The data highlights the need for comprehensive lipid profile monitoring in addition to glycemic control to address cardiovascular risks effectively in this specific population.

Hypomagnesaemia and Relationship Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Janzur Hospital in Libya.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to the development of complications, especially due to poor glycemic control. Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial element in human health, and its deficiency plays a critical role in the development of lipid abnormalities and the initiation of diabetic complications. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation of hypomagnesemia (Mg) with the alteration of lipid profile patterns and investigate the adverse effects of glycemic control and body mass index (BMI) on magnesium levels among patients with T2DM. A total of 163 subjects whose ages ranged between 35-60 years for both sexes (males and females) were included in this study: 90 type II diabetic patients (40 males and 50 females) and 73 healthy individuals (34 males and 39 females) in Tripoli region, Western Libya. Blood glucose, HbA1c, Magnesium, and lipid profile parameters were biochemically estimated in the study along with the measurement of BMI. All the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25 for applying one-way ANOVA and Person's correlation coefficient tests. The study revealed a significant decrease in serum magnesium levels (1.59 ± 0.47 mg/dL) in T2DM patients compared to the control group (2.21 ± 0.70 mg/dL) (p < 0.01). Significantly elevated levels of blood glucose (140.6 ± 30.95 mg/dL vs. 89.80 ± 12.62 mg/dL, p < 0.01), HbA1c (7.27 ± 2.62% vs. 5.32 ± 0.65%, p < 0.01), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol also observed in T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals. Conversely, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the T2DM group than in controls (24.44 ± 8.88 mg/dL vs. 47.06 ± 8.75 mg/dL, p < 0.01). There is a relationship between hypomagnesemia, glycemic control, and changed lipid profile in T2DM patients. Further, our results revealed a strong relationship between increased BMI and unfavorable alterations in all biochemical parameters examined.

Relation between Serum Leptin, Lipid Profiles and other biomarkers levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Background: In advanced diabetes mellitus, serum levels of the most hormones are altered due to several interplaying mechanisms. Objective: To assess the relation of serum leptin and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Patients and Method: Serum leptin levels and its relation to lipid profile were estimated in 62 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy attending the National Diabetes Center in Al- Mustansiriya University, and (26) healthy individuals considered as control group. The diabetic patients were classified into three groups, (24) pathients with normoalbuminuria (21) patients with microalbuminuria and (17) patients with macroalbuminuria. Fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, Hb A1c %, lipid profile (Total cholesterol, LDL- Cholesterol, HDL- Cholesterol and Triglyceride) and urinary albumin, were measured to establish the possibility of using these biomarkers as a supplementary to serum leptin to be a diagnostic test for type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Results: Serum leptin levels showed a significant elevation in microalbuminuria (20.08± 4.50 ng/ml) and macroalbuminuria groups (22.35± 6.89 ng/ml) as compared to nondiabetic normal control group (10.64 ± 3.17 ng/ml). There was no significant differences observed in serum leptin levels between the normoalbuminuria group (13.96 ± 5.73 ng/ml) and healthy controls, but a significant positive differences were noticed in the levels of fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, Hb A1c% and lipid profile in the three patient groups in comparison with the control group. While no significant correlation was observed between these biomarkers levels and serum leptin values. Conclusion: It might be concluded that serum leptin levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria, suggesting that renal leptin degradation is impaired in early stage of kidney damage and this impairment increase with the progression of this disease. Leptin hormone may consider according to these results as a risk factor for progression of kidney disease in diabetic patients.

Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microangiopathic complication of DM and one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Poor lipid profile levels are one of the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. Objective: To analyze differences in the proportion of lipid profile categories in type 2 DM patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study with 45 samples. The independent variables assessed were the lipid profile, including LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels. The dependent variable assessed was the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. The analysis used were univariate and bivariate (Chi-square and Fisher exact). Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 37.8%, consist of 17.8% of NPDR and 20% of PDR. There were significant differences in the proportion of LDL categories (p=0.007) and total cholesterol (p=0.038) in type 2 DM patients with and without diabetic retinopathy, and there were no significant differences in the proportion of HDL categories (p=0.719) and triglycerides (p=1) in type 2 DM patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the proportion of LDL categories and total cholesterol in type 2 DM patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Relationship Between Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension

Relationship Between Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension

The Relationship Between Glycemic Control And Lipid Profile In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Bangli Hospital

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is susceptible to diabetic dyslipidemia, which is one of the factors in increasing the risk of complications from cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 DM patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic at Bangli Regional Hospital for the period January 2023-December 2023 and a total of 60 type 2 DM patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were grouped into type 2 DM patients with controlled glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) and uncontrolled (HbA1c≥7%). Lower levels of total cholesterol (160,444 ± 30,608 mg/dl vs 203,476 ± 45,471 mg/dl; p= 0.001), triglycerides (125,500 ± 56,019 vs 202,047 ± 91,568; p= 0.002), low-density lipoprotein (K-LDL ) (93,072 ± 28,443 vs 131,571 ± 44,590; p= 0.001) in type 2 DM patients with good glycemic control. High-density lipoprotein (K-HDL) levels (50,022 ± 14,050 vs 41,152 ± 12,619; p = 0.019) were higher in type 2 DM patients with good glycemic control. From statistical tests, a positive correlation was found between total cholesterol levels (r = 0.277; p = 0.032), triglycerides (r = 0.386; p = 0.002) and K-LDL (r = 0.357; p = 0.005) with HbA1c levels. There is a negative correlation between K-HDL (r=-0.366; p = 0.004) and HbA1c levels. The significant correlation between HbA1c and lipid profile shows the importance of glycemic control in type 2 DM patients. This can be explained in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM in the advanced phase. There is a positive correlation between glycemic control (HbA1c) and total cholesterol, triglycerides and K-LDL. There is a negative correlation between glycemic control (HbA1c) and K-HDL.

Phenotyping lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes: Risk association and outcomes from the Cardiovascular Health Study

AimsTo determine whether discrete lipid profiles (refer to as lipid phenotyping) can be used to stratify cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods and resultsCardiovascular Health Study participants with diabetes and fasting lipid profiles at baseline (n = 866) were categorized separately by level of LDL cholesterol and HDL-C/Triglyceride (Tg) profiles (low Tg/high HDL-C; high Tg/low HDL-C; high Tg only or low HDL-C only). We performed Cox multivariate regression analysis to assess the risk of CVD mortality, incident myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, and composite MACE (MI, HF, stroke, and CVD mortality) associated with each lipid category. We also calculated risk estimates for MACE using lipid measures as continuous variables. In the fully adjusted model, the high triglyceride plus low HDL-C cholesterol phenotype demonstrated risk that was at least as high as the highest LDL-C sub-group phenotype for CVD mortality (Hazard ratio {HR} 1.58 vs 1.48), MI (HR 1.53 vs 1.58), HF (HR 1.47 vs 1.20), stroke (HR 2.02 vs 1.43), and MACE (HR 1.58 vs 1.38). When modeled continuously, the HR per SD for MACE was 1.12 (p = 0.03) for LDL-C and 1.19–1.20 (p < 0.001) for triglycerides or remnant cholesterol. ConclusionsParticipants with the high triglyceride/low HDL-C phenotype had equivalent or higher CVD risk than those with the high LDL-C phenotype. Further studies are necessary to determine whether lipid phenotyping accounts for the substantial CVD risk not explained by LDL cholesterol among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Effect of silymarin on lipid profile and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on glycemic indices and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this open-label randomized clinical trial study, 48 patients with T2DM were eligible to participate for 12 weeks and were divided into two groups randomly: 24 subjects in the intervention (received three 140 mg silymarin capsules daily and diet plan) and 24 in control (received a diet plan). Fasting blood samples and anthropometric data were collected, and glycemic indices and lipid profiles were determined at baseline and at the end of the study. Out of 60 patients included in the clinical trial, 48 people completed the study. In comparing silymarin and control groups before and after the study, a significant reduction was observed in weight and body mass index. However, after adjustment, no significant difference was seen between the two groups. Furthermore, daily consumption of three capsules of 140 mg silymarin for 12 weeks did not show any significant difference on the level of fasting blood sugar (p = 0.789), HbA1c (p = 0.719), and lipid profile. The findings of the present study show that silymarin did not lead to changes in the level of glycemic index and lipid profile in patients with T2DM.

Specific Considerations in the Interpretation of the Relationship between Relative Handgrip Strength and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes

Specific Considerations in the Interpretation of the Relationship between Relative Handgrip Strength and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes

Gambaran Profil Lipid Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase and is even predicted to continue to increase, as does Indonesia, which is currently the country with the highest prevalence of DM in Southeast Asia. The most common type of DM currently is type 2 DM, the majority of which is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, causing insulin resistance. Apart from causing diabetes, insulin resistance also causes dyslipidemia and is one of the most important factors in the occurrence of atherosclerosis which has an impact on the emergence of diabetic ulcers. This study aimed to determine the lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research design used was descriptive with an observational approach. The variable observed in this study was the lipid profile in type 2 DM patients. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with a sample size of 47 people. The instrument used is a documentation sheet. The research was conducted at the Klungkung Regional General Hospital (RSUD). The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the data was then presented in a table. The results of the study showed that the total cholesterol value in type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers with total cholesterol values above 200 mg/dL was 26,4%, and the LDL value in type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers with values above 100 mg/dL was 26,3%. The HDL value in type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers with a value of less than 40 is 13,0%, and the triglyceride value in type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers with a value of more than 150 mg/dL is 26,1%. Most respondents have a good lipid profile, but there are still respondents whose lipid profile is not within the normal range and are at risk of developing diabetic ulcers.

Determining the Effectiveness of Lactobacillus Casei in Camel Milk on Lipid and Sugar Parameters in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Nutritional interventions are one of the most effective methods of diabetes prevention and control. Along with usual treatments, camel milk has had positive effects on the blood sugar of diabetic patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of lactobacillus casei present in camel milk on the sugar and lipid profile of type 1 diabetic rats. Methods: This was of an intervention study and carried out by an experimental trial method. 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups of eight. After making diabetic, the rats were gavage with 2cc of the product prepared for each group every other day. Evaluations (weight, serum concentrations of glucose, FBS, urea, creatinine, uric acid, LDL, HDL, TG, cholesterol, as well as liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP) were performed after 30 days of receiving gavage. In order to analyze the data, SPSS16 software was used. Results: The mean weight and serum concentration of LDL in the treatment group with standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotics was significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P&lt;0.05) and the mean HDL in the treatment group with standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotics was higher than the diabetic control group (P&lt;0.05), but there was no significant difference between the native Lactobacillus casei probiotic group and the standard. Urea, uric acid, FBS, Cr, TG, cholesterol, AST, ALT and ALP was not significantly different between the standard and native Lactobacillus casei probiotic group and the diabetic control one (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: It seems that lactobacillus casei probiotics from camel milk may be able to improve weight loss and improve lipid profile (increase in HDL, decrease in LDL and LDL/HDL ratio) in type 1 diabetic rats, which requires more extensive studies in this field.

Effects of Satureja Khuzestanica supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized controlled clinical-trial

BackgroundSeveral studies showed the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Satureja Khuzestanica (SK) in animal models. This study aimed to determine the effect of SK supplementation on glycemic and lipid outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial using block randomization. Seventy-eight T2DM patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 39) or placebo (n = 39) groups. They received SK or placebo in 500 mg capsules daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, blood pressure, liver enzymes, glycemic, and lipid outcomes were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsAt baseline, there were no significant differences in age, sex, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between the groups. SK supplementation led to a significant decrease in FBS (-12.6 ± 20.7 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 3.5 ± 31.9 mg/dl; p = 0.007), HbA1c (-0.28 ± 0.45 in the intervention group versus 0.11 ± 0.54% in the placebo group; p = < 0.001), insulin (-1.65 ± 6.18 in the intervention group versus 2.09 ± 5.90 mIU/L in the placebo group; p = 0.03), total cholesterol (-14.6 ± 21.1 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 8.2 ± 30.9 mg/dl in the placebo group; p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (-4.6 ± 15.2 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 5.8 ± 14.6 mg/dl in placebo group; p < 0.001) levels, and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (3.9 ± 4.9 mg/dl in the intervention group versus 0.9 ± 5.2 mg/dl in placebo group; p = 0.005).ConclusionBased on the study results, SK supplementation may improve glycemic indices and lipid profile of patients with T2DM. Our findings may provide novel complementary treatments without adverse effects for diabetes complications. These results need to be further confirmed in clinical trials.Registration: This trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT ID: IRCT20190715044214N1, registration date: 21/02/2021).

Effects of Momordica charantia L. supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsMomordica charantia L. (M. charantia) has been traditionally utilized as a medicinal intervention for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study was designed to offer a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of M. Charantia intake on glycemic indexes and the lipid profile of patients with T2DM. MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from the inception of each database until April 22, 2023. The Hartung-Knapp adjustment was applied to ensure conservative summary estimates with broad confidence intervals. ResultsA total of eight trials involving 423 patients with T2DM were included in this study. Compared to the control group, the intake of M. charantia supplementation resulted in significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: −0.85 mmol/L; 95%CI: −1.44, −0.26; p = 0.005; I2 = 73.4 %), postprandial glucose (PPG) (WMD: −2.28 mmol/L; 95%CI: −3.35, −1.21; p = 0.000; I2 = 66.9 %), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD: −0.38 %; 95%CI: −0.53, −0.23; p = 0.000; I2 = 37.6 %), and total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: −0.38 mmol/L; 95%CI: −0.70, −0.07; p = 0.017; I2 = 63.6 %). These results remained statistically significant even after applying the Hartung-Knapp adjustment. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that M. charantia could serve as a potential alternative for individuals with T2DM, particularly those with elevated total cholesterol levels. However, further high-quality studies are necessary to validate these results.

The Correlation Between Vitamin D Levels and the Glycemic Marker HbA1c and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Study at the King Saud Medical City, Riyadh.

Background and objective Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitaminalso called the sunshine vitamin, is produced in plants, and animals when exposed to sunlight. It plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal development, immune system regulation, and glucose metabolism, thereby reducing the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D levels with glycemic control markers [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)] and lipid profile, as well as sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Saud Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, among adult diabetic patients aged 20 years and above. The sociodemographic characteristics, vitamin D levels, HbA1c, and lipid profilesof 472 participantswere studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statisticsversion 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The majority of the participants were women (n=296, 62.7%); the mean age of the cohort was 56.5 ±13.13 years. Most participants were Saudi nationals (n=361, 76.5%). Lab tests revealed vitamin D deficiency (71.41 ±36.88 nmol/l) and elevated HbA1c(9.49 ±9.85%) in the cohort. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were higher than normal (2.71 ±4.26 mmol/l), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was slightly lower (1.23 ±0.39 mmol/l). Bivariate correlations showed weak negative and positive associations between vitamin D and HbA1c(r=-0.093, p<0.05) and HDL (r=0.114, p<0.05), respectively. HbA1ccorrelated positively with triglycerides (r=0.168, p<0.01). Conclusions We found an association between deficiency of vitamin D and levels of HbA1cand lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients. The association was marked by low vitamin D levels and characterized by high HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and lipid profile. Elevated HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels suggested vitamin D's role in lipid homeostasis. Variations in biomarker levels across sociodemographic factors highlight the needfor personalized interventions for diabetes prevention and management.

A Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Patients with and without Clinically Significant Macular Oedema

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health hazard today. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) is the most frequent cause of decreased vision in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to determine whether CSME in subjects with type 2 DM is associated with lipid profile abnormalities and to compare them with lipid profiles of type 2 diabetics without CSME. Method: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. Hundred consecutive type 2 diabetic patients, 50 patients with and 50 without CSME, who attended the Retina outpatient clinic of a tertiary eye hospital over a one-year period, were included. Determination of the presence of CSME and staging of diabetic retinopathy was done according to modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study guidelines, by a single investigator using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. After obtaining informed consent, blood was drawn from the subjects after overnight fasting. Investigations done were lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood urea, and blood pressure measurement. Results: In our study, only two systemic factors weighed in as predictors of macular oedema: Systolic hypertension and serum lipids. Subanalysis of the lipid fractions yielded two significant correlates of CSME: Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Conclusion: A multifaceted healthcare team approach is essential for the management of diabetic patients. Ophthalmologists should evaluate the lipid profile of all diabetic macular oedema (DME) patients. Physicians should promptly refer diabetic patients with deranged lipid profiles to ophthalmologists to look for DME and provide appropriate ophthalmic care.

Effect of Nigella sativa Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Ccontrolled Trials

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes has become a global health burden, especially in developing nations, and is frequently linked to dyslipidemia. While various medications are available, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies such as Nigella sativa (N. sativa) as alternative treatments for type 2 diabetes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the objective was to assess the impact of N. sativa on the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes.&#x0D; Methods: Online databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE, were searched. Changes in lipid profile parameters were reported as weighted mean differences, along with a 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity analysis, quality assessment, subgroup analysis, and publication bias were evaluated in the eligible studies.&#x0D; Results: The study was performed on eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1030 participants. According to the findings, supplementation of N. sativa in the form of seed powder or oil significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, while increasing HDL-cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The funnel plot exhibited visual symmetry for the studies included in the meta-analysis.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings indicate that N sativa may be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment alongside standard medications for managing dyslipidemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Correlation Between HbA1c, Serum Magnesium (Mg) and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Foot Ulcer and without Foot Ulcer Patients – A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction : Diabetes mellitus, especially Type 2, is a common metabolic problem in Bangladesh with serious complications like diabetic foot ulcer. The relationship between HbA1c, serum magnesium, and lipid profile in type 2 DFU patients was examined in this study. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between HbA1c, serum Magnesium, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic foot ulcer and without foot ulcer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIRDEM Academy, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018 Result: In total 120 respondents who were adult male and female were included in the study. In our study, we found that the majority of our patients (58.3%) were aged between 41-50 yrs. in group II. We found the percentage of male and female participants were 66.7% and 33.3% in group I and 51.7% and 48.3% in group II respectively. The negative correlation was found between serum magnesium with fasting plasma glucose and Triacylglycerol in group I. The significant positive correlation was found between serum Mg and HDL-c (r=0.443; p&lt;0.01) in group I. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus, notably Type 2, poses challenges in Bangladesh, including Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). This study explores links between HbA1c, serum magnesium, and lipid profile in Type 2 DFU patients, potentially guiding early interventions and improving diabetic care outcomes. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2024; 39(1): 24-30

Effect of boswellia (Boswellia serrata L.) supplementation on glycemic markers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global health challenge whose prevalence is projected to increase alarmingly. Recently, due to better safety and fewer adverse effects, herbal medicines have been used to manage T2DM. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of boswellia in improving glycemic markers and lipid profiles in T2DM patients. A comprehensive search was conducted on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for all relevant studies published up to April 30, 2024. The effects of boswellia supplementation were evaluated using glycemic markers and lipid profiles. The data were extracted and meta-analyzed using Stata software. This meta-analysis included five studies with a total of 287 patients with T2DM. It was found that boswellia in patients with T2DM compared to the placebo or control group significantly reduced hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) (SMD: -1.01; 95%CI: -1.55 to -0.46; P=0.00), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: -0.44; 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.21; P=0.00), Triglycerides (TG) (SMD: -0.42; 95%CI: -0.66 to -0.19); P=0.00) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (SMD: -0.43; 95%CI: -0.73 to -0.12); P=0.006) levels, while reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) but it was not significant (SMD: -1.34, 95%CI: -2.68 to 0.00; P=0.05). Notably, it did not affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD: 0.56, 95%CI: -0.14 to -1.26; P=0.118). In summary, boswellia supplementation has the potential to improve glycemic markers and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. It may help diabetic patients in addition to a controlled diet and other treatments. crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=538347, identifier CRD42024538347.

Effect of lifestyle on nitric oxide and lipid profile in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Sedentary lifestyle is among the forerunner causes of major non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and diverse types of cancer, contributing substantially to the global burden of disease. There is a massive increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, contribute significantly to diabetes related deaths. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to compare the body mass index (BMI), nitric oxide (NO), and lipid profile in physically active and sedentary Type 2 DM patients. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 70 patients of Type 2 DM. The inclusion criteria were HbA1c ≥6.5%, age between 30 and 60 years, and a disease history of 5–10 years. The exclusion criteria were the presence of any other chronic/acute illness, patients having difficulty in walking, patients on any nitrate and nitrite drugs, patients on lipid-lowering drugs, history of alcohol, tobacco, or other substance abuse. Assessment of physical activity was done by International Physical Activity Questionnaire - long form. BMI, NO, and lipid profile were assessed for the two groups. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 7.0. Groups of data were compared with an analysis of variance followed by the tukey test. A P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the physically active group, BMI (P = 0.0345), total cholesterol (P &lt; 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (P &lt; 0.001), and triglycerides (P &lt; 0.001) were significantly less; while their high-density lipoprotein (P &lt; 0.0001) and NO (P &lt; 0.0001) was significantly more as compared to the sedentary group. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that in patients of type 2 DM, a physically active lifestyle was associated with decreased cardiovascular risk.