Serum Lipid Profile Research Articles

Potential Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Insulin Resistance Is Mediated by Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that has grown globally to become a significant public health challenge. Hypothesizing that the plasma membrane protein, transient receptor potential ankyrin-1, is a pivotal target in insulin resistance, we investigated the mechanism of action of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), an electrophilic TRPA1 agonist, in skeletal muscle, a primary insulin target. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of CIN on insulin resistance, hepatic glycogen accumulation and muscle and adipose tissue glucose uptake. Furthermore, the in vitro role of CIN in glucose uptake and intracellular signaling was determined in insulin-resistant rats whose calcium influx was analyzed. Moreover, the serum lipid profile was assessed following short-term CIN treatment in rats, and lipid tolerance was analyzed. The effects of CIN on insulin resistance were mediated by TRPA1, with downstream signaling involving the activation of PI3-K, MAPK, PKC, as well as extracellular calcium and calcium release from intracellular stores. Additionally, cytoskeleton integrity was required for the complete action of CIN on glucose uptake in muscle. CIN also ameliorated the serum lipid profile and improved triglyceride tolerance following acute vivo exposure.

Lipid levels and insulin resistance markers in patients with colorectal cancer: Propensity score matching analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant neoplasm characterized by subtle early manifestations. To investigate the correlation among serum lipid profiles, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and the atherosclerotic index (AI) in patients with CRC. Furthermore, it explored the clinical diagnostic utility of combining serum lipids with cancer antigens in the context of CRC. A retrospective analysis encompassed 277 patients with CRC and 1034 healthy individuals. Following propensity score matching, patients with CRC exhibited significantly reduced levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as a diminished TyG index. Conversely, they displayed elevated AI levels compared to their healthy counterparts. Patients in advanced stages exhibited lower serum levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C compared to those in early stages. Patients with positive lymph node metastasis demonstrated reduced levels of TG, LDL-C, and the TyG index. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the combination of the TyG index, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 yielded the highest positive prediction rate for CRC at 75.3%. Preoperative serum lipid profiles exhibit a robust association with patients with CRC. The concurrent assessment of multiple serum lipids and cancer antigens effectively enhances the diagnostic accuracy for CRC.

Serum lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus

BackgroundDyslipidemia presents in various autoimmune diseases, and the serum lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not yet been clearly defined. This study aims to evaluate the level of serum lipids in patients with SLE.MethodsA case–control study evaluated four conventional sera lipids—total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls (HCs). Correlations between serum lipids and clinical characteristics were analyzed in patients with SLE. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the epidemiology of lipid profiles in patients with SLE, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed for data synthesis.ResultsTC and TG were elevated significantly, and HDL decreased in patients with SLE compared to HCs. Elevated lipids were associated with progressive disease activity. TC, TG, and HDL were elevated in patients with SLE and were associated with decreased IgG, increased 24-h proteinuria, white blood cells (WBCs), and neutrophils. Decreased HDL and increased TG were associated with an increase in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Patients with SLE who took glucocorticoids (GCs) may have experienced increases in TC and TG, while those who took hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may have experienced increases in TC and HDL. Eleven eligible studies including the present study on associations between serum lipids and SLE were reviewed by the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated elevated TC (MD = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89, p < 0.00001) and TG (MD = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p < 0.00001) levels in SLE, while HDL decreased (MD = −0.19, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.17, p < 0.00001).ConclusionsDyslipidemia is present in SLE. There was a significant association between SLE disease activity and TC, TG, and HDL. The exact pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in SLE needs to be further addressed.

The relationship between gallstone disease and the genetic variants of the sterol transporter adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette G8 and G5 in Egyptians

BackgroundGallstones are abnormal lumps in the gallbladder or biliary tract due impaired cholesterol, bilirubin, or bile salt metabolism. The Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter genes G5 and G8 (ABCG5, ABCG8) are two half transporters which work together as a heterodimer to regulate cholesterol levels in bile, and any alterations in their function can contribute to gallstone formation. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between three specific polymorphisms—ABCG5 i7892T > C, ABCG5 Q604E, and ABCG8 D19H—and the risk of gallstone disease (GSD) in Egyptian females. These polymorphisms result from nucleotide substitutions in the gene sequences, which affect the transporter’s ability to efficiently regulate cholesterol secretion into the bile. This alteration can lead to cholesterol supersaturation in the bile, a key factor in the development of cholesterol gallstones. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the impact of these genetic variations on serum lipid profile to understand their role in modulating biochemical markers associated with GSD. Furthermore, the study sought to investigate haplotype patterns and explore their combined effects on disease susceptibility, providing deeper insight into the genetic factors that contribute to the development of GSD.MethodsThe study included 100 female patients diagnosed with gallstones and 100 healthy controls. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using allelic discrimination pre-designed TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method. Various laboratory investigations were measured using enzymatic colorimetric methods, and hematology analyzer was used for the whole blood count test.ResultsBetween patients with gallstone disease and healthy controls, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of these genes polymorphisms. Q604E CC genotype (OR = 15.2; P = 0.004) and C allele (OR = 2; P = 0.007) in ABCG5 (rs6720173) as well as D19H GC genotype (OR = 2.9; P = 0.002) and C allele (OR = 2; P = 0.004) in ABCG8 (rs11887534) were significantly more frequent in gallstone patients. The CCC haplotype is a statistically significant predictor of GSD.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ABCG8 D19H (G/C) and ABCG5 Q604E (C/C) genotypes may play a significant role in GSD susceptibility among Egyptian females.Graphical abstract

Potential of flaxseed oil blends to modulate tissue fatty acid composition and determination of safety parameters in Wistar rats.

Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress which is further associated with omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid (FA) imbalance favoring ω6 FA. By improving ω3 FA consumption, this imbalance can be altered to control NCD. Previously we have reported blends of flaxseed oil (FSO, ω3 FA) with palm olein (PO) or coconut oil (CO) were thermo-oxidatively stable with good storage stability and could improve ω6:ω3 ratio in cell lines. In the present study safety of these blends along with their efficacy to improve tissue FA composition particularly ω6:ω3 ratio was evaluated in Wistar rats. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained initially. Wistar rats were supplemented with individual oils or blends (FSO with PO or CO, 20:80 by volume, 1.0 mL/day/200 gm body weight) for 3 months. Throughout the study period, there were no adverse effect of blends on feed intake and body weight gain. After 3 months, blood and serum were subjected for hematological, biochemical assessment. Vital organs were harvested for histopathological and FA composition investigations. Hematological, biochemical, and tissue histopathological parameters were comparable with Control (group receiving only normal diet). Interestingly serum lipid profile was improved by the blend supplementation. Except brain, FA composition was altered in liver, heart, adipose tissue, and RBC with lowering of ω6:ω3 ratio but there was no favorable effect on inflammatory markers and adipokines in the blend supplemented groups. Thus, to conclude, FSO blends with PO or CO were able to lower tissue ω6:ω3 ratio without adverse effects.

Relationship between Dietary Diversity Score and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with some Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women

Background: Considering the significance of relation between dietary diversity and dietary antioxidants in the mechanism of obesity and related outcomes and due to limited studies in postmenopausal women, the present research was designed to evaluate the relationship between Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC) with some cardio- metabolic risk factors and Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance (PAB) level in overweight and/or obese postmenopausal women. Methods: The research participants comprised 128 overweight and/or obese postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years attending the health centers. Anthropometric measures, e.g., weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, were obtained. Serum lipid profile, glucose, and insulin were determined, and the Homeostasis Model Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated. PAB was determined. DDS and DTAC were determined using information from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Compared to those in the first tertile, there was no significant relationship between anthropometric and biochemical data with DDS neither among participants in the second tertile nor the third tertile (P>0.05). Furthermore, considerable negative relationships were only observed between waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.035) and waist-to-height ratio (P=0.006) with DTAC among participants in the second tertile compared with those in the first tertile. Also, insulin and HOMA-IR were inversely related to DTAC among participants in the second tertile (both P<0.001) and the third tertile (P=0.004 and P=0.009, respectively) compared to those in the first tertile. There was a considerable negative relationship between PAB and DTAC (P=0.036) among participants in the third tertile compared with those in the first tertile. Conclusion: DDS was not correlated with a lower risk of obesity, abdominal adiposity, and better metabolic features. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that higher DTAC was correlated with lower abdominal obesity, insulin, HOMA-IR, and PAB levels.

Sustained release of nano-encapsulated glimepiride drug with chitosan nanoparticles: A novel approach to control type 2 diabetes in streptozotocin-induced Wistar albino rats.

The objective of the present study was to encapsulate the effective antidiabetic glimepiride (GLM) drug with biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) in order to reduce the risk of side effects, regulate and improve alternatives to therapy for people with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The characterizations of the encapsulated EGLM-CS NPs were published in a previous paper. In continuation of the past study, here we report the in vitro and in vivo activities of EGLM-CS NPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar albino rats orally treated for 28 days. Based on our results, the in vitro 3 T3-L1 cell lines observed that the highest concentration of 500 μg/mL exhibited 91.48 % cell viability after 24 h of treatment. The in vivo results of the EGLM-CS NPs treated rats group showed gradual control of the blood glucose level at 90 and 120 min compared to other groups because the drug showed a sustained release mechanism. A significant difference was observed in serum lipid profiles between diabetic treated and control rats. It is believed that the CS NPs served as a carrier system for the GLM drug, protected it from degradation, and enhanced its solubility as well as bioavailability. After 28 days of treatment, all the animal groups organs (pancreas, liver, and kidney) were dissected for histopathological analysis. The EGLM-CS NPs treated group displayed regeneration cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and normal cellular size with hyperplasia. The therapeutic potential was observed by the liver and kidney from rats reveals few tubule necrosis, improved bioavailability as compared to pure GLM drug treated rats. Hence, our formulated NPs are safe, no toxic effect on the vital organs, which will be helpful to improve the lives of diabetic patients and contribute to the overall health of the individuals.

High-selenium exposure is associated with modulation of serum lipid metabolism.

At present, there is no consensus on the relationship between selenium (Se) exposure and human serum lipid metabolism. The etiological role of high-Se exposure in lipid markers, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) remains unclear. We used serum untargeted metabolomics analysis to evaluate whether high-Se exposure is cross-sectionally associated with lipid metabolism in adults from high-Se exposure area (n = 112) and control area (n = 101) in Hubei Province, China. An untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomic analysis identified 144 differential pathways and yielded 204 differentially abundant metabolites, including 32 lipid metabolites associated with lipids profiles. To further explore the correlation between Se exposure and serum lipid metabolism, we measured serum levels of lipid profiles among all the people, including serum cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (APOB). The average serum Se level of the high-Se exposure group was 537.18 μg/L, significantly higher than 72.98 μg/L in the control group (p < 0.0001). The measurement levels of serum TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and APOB in the high-Se exposure group were 1.03 (0.76, 1.34) mmol/L, 2.25 ± 0.48 mmol/L, 1.12 ± 0.24 mmol/L, and 0.77 ± 0.15 g/L, respectively, while the control group were 1.13 (0.84, 1.80) mmol/L, 2.56 ± 0.61 mmol/L, 1.02 ± 0.22 mmol/L, and 0.83 ± 0.16 g/L, respectively (all p values <0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between serum Se and CHOL (r = -0.201, p < 0.01), serum Se is also associated with metabolomics markers, the negative correlation includes glyceric acid and ect., the positive correlation includes phosphorylcholine and ect. Our study suggests that high-Se exposure is negatively associated with serum lipid profiles and decreases the risk of high-TC and HDL-C dyslipidemia.

Exposure to leachates of plastic food containers disturbs glucose and lipid metabolism: Insights from models mimicking real-exposure scenarios.

The increasing use of plastic food containers, particularly for pre-cooked meals and takeout services, has raised concerns regarding the potential health risks associated with plastic leachates. This study investigated the impact of leachates from heat-treated polypropylene (PP) plastic food containers on glucose and lipid metabolism using both in vitro and in vivo models. AML12 hepatocytes exposed to leachates from three different PP plastic containers exhibited significant disruptions in the homeostasis of lipid and glucose metabolism, evidenced by increased intracellular lipid content and altered gene expression related to lipogenesis, lipid uptake, lipolysis, and fatty acid β-oxidation. C57BL/6J mice were fed with the mouse diet that had been heated in two distinct types of PP plastic food containers for 8 weeks and these mice exhibited accelerated body weight gain, altered fasting blood glucose levels, and changes in serum lipid profiles. Histological analysis revealed increased adipocyte size, liver steatosis, and glycogen accumulation. Transcriptome sequencing of liver tissues highlighted significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, further corroborated by real-time qPCR validation. These findings underscore the potential metabolic health risks posed by the use of heated plastic food containers.

Therapeutic Potential of Brassica carinata Microgreens Extract in Alleviating Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes in Wistar Rats.

Microgreens of Brassica plants have attracted increasing research interest in the management of the prevailing epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of their high nutritional value. This study evaluated the antidiabetic effects of Brassica carinata Microgreens Ethanolic Extract (BMEE) in type-2 diabetic rats. For the normoglycemic assay, rats were divided into five groups and received a single oral dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg of BMEE while the control groups received distilled water and Glibenclamide. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined on a weekly basis for 28 days in diabetic rats after treatment with BMEE at 250 and 500 mg/kg dosage levels. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum insulin levels, lipid profile and messenger RNA expression levels of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and Nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFKβ) genes were determined. BMEE did not induce hypoglycemic effects in rats with normal blood glucose levels, but induced antidiabetic activities in the experimental type-2 diabetic rats. BMEE lowered FBG levels, increased oral glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitization, and reduced insulin resistance. Treatment of diabetic rats with BMEE increased lipid metabolism and relatively higher expression levels of IRS-1 and GLUT2 genes, and led to reduced expression levels of NFKβ in the liver. Overall, this study reports that BMEE has potential as a nutraceutical to be utilized in the management of T2DM.

Metformin's impact on asprosin and FBN1 expression: Potential mechanisms beyond insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes in rats.

Asprosin, a novel adipokine released under fasting conditions, may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of metformin on serum asprosin levels and FBN1 gene expression in white adipose tissue in male rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n=8): 1. Control Group (CON): Received standard food; 2. Non-Diabetic Metformin Group (CON+MET): Received standard food and were treated with metformin (400mg/kg/day) for four weeks; 3. Diabetic Group (DM): Induced with T2DM; and 4. Diabetic Metformin Group (DM+MET): Induced with T2DM and treated with metformin (400mg/kg/day) for four weeks. Finally, serum asprosin levels, lipid profiles, fasting glucose, and insulin concentrations were measured. The expression level of the FBN1 gene in white adipose tissue was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Serum asprosin levels were significantly higher in the DM group compared to both the CON and CON+MET groups (P<0.0001). However, serum asprosin levels were significantly lower in the DM+MET group than in the DM group (P=0.0003). Additionally, the FBN1 gene expression level in white adipose tissue was significantly higher in the DM group compared to the CON group (P=0.0053), while FBN1 gene expression was significantly lower in the DM+MET group than in the DM group (P<0.0001). Furthermore, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and fasting blood sugar improved in the CON+MET and DM+MET groups compared to the CON and DM groups, respectively. Our findings in diabetic male rats reveal that metformin treatment significantly downregulates FBN1 gene expression and reduces serum asprosin levels, suggesting a potential mechanism for its therapeutic benefits beyond improving insulin sensitivity.

Chitooligosaccharide-Epigallocatechin Gallate Conjugate Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Promotes Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High Fat Diet Fed Rats

The prevalence of obesity has increased progressively worldwide. Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissues, leading to metabolic impairment. The anti-obese effects of chitooligosaccharide (COS) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have been extensively clarified. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of the COS-EGCG conjugate (CE) on anti-obesity, specifically by alleviating lipid accumulation and promoting the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in obese rats. Obesity as a consequence of a high-fat diet (HFD) was induced in male Wistar rats. The HFD was given for 16 weeks and the rats were then randomly subdivided into five groups namely: vehicle (control group), HFD plus CE at 150 mg/kg/day, HFD plus CE at 600 mg/kg/day, HFD plus COS at 600 mg/kg/day, and HFD plus atorvastatin at 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. CE could reduce body weight, improve serum lipid profiles, and promote lipid metabolism via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in WAT and enhance the processes of WAT browning by activating sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α), and uncoupling the protein 1 (UCP1) signaling pathway. CE reduced obesity and promoted WAT browning in HFD-fed rats. Therefore, CE might be a new therapy for metabolic syndrome and obesity.

Effect of Midodrine in Non-azotemic Liver Cirrhosis Patients with Refractory or Recurrent Ascites

Objectives To study the effectiveness of midodrine in treatment of refractory, recurrent ascites in nonazotemic liver cirrhosis patients. Material and Methods This is a facility-based open-label parallel design randomized controlled trial conducted at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal. All patients above the age of 18 with non-azotemic liver cirrhosis with refractory or recurrent ascites patients attending medicine out patient department (OPD), liver clinic, and those admitted to the medicine ward, RIMS, Imphal, were enrolled. After getting informed consent, the patients were allocated to standard medical therapy (SMT) with the midodrine group (group A) and the SMT group (group B). Since there were two treatment options involved, a block size of four was used. Possible treatment allocation within each block was (1) AABB, (2) BBAA, (3) ABAB, (4) BABA, (5) ABBA and (6) BAAB. Both the study participants and the investigator were double-blinded. Mean arterial blood pressure, weight, frequency and volume of indicated large volume paracentesis (LVP), volume of urine in 24-hour, Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by Cockcroft-Gault equation, and Child-Pugh classification score were calculated and recorded. Complete blood counts (CBC), liver function test (LFT), coagulation profile (prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)), kidney function test (KFT), serum lipid profile, serology (HbsAg, Anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) Ab, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1&amp;2), antinuclear antibody (ANA), ascitic fluid study, urine analysis, chest X-ray, Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography (patients with coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction or cardiomyopathy were excluded) were also done. computed tomography (CT) abdomen and upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy (if indicated) were considered. The analysis was done using SPSS (trial version 23) software. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The present study enrolled 40 non-azotemic liver cirrhosis with refractory or recurrent ascites patients. In this study, after one month of treatment, there was a significant increase in urine output in the midodrine group compared with the SMT group (p-value 0.006). There was no statistical difference in model for end stage liver disease (MELD) scores after treatment among the groups. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine output, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were significantly higher in the midodrine group compared to the standard medical therapy (SMT) group after one month of treatment and were statistically significant and different. Conclusion The results of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) suggest that adding midodrine drug to the SMT group improves the systemic hemodynamics in non-azotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites, and it is also effective in lowering the body weights of the patients by decreasing the fluid accumulation. More clinical trials need to be conducted among a large number of patients before midodrine can be recommended for use in the patients.

Protective role of Pannexin1 in lymphatic endothelial cells in the progression of atherosclerosis in female mice.

Atherosclerosis is a progressive arterial disease arising from imbalanced lipid metabolism and a maladaptive immune response. The lymphatic system ensures tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of dietary fats and trafficking of immune cells to draining lymph nodes, thereby potentially affecting atherogenesis. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of Pannexin1 (Panx1) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice increased atherosclerosis, suggesting a protective role for Panx1 channels in arterial endothelial function. Here, we investigated the role of Panx1 in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the initiation and the progression of atherosclerosis. Male or female Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- and Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 or 10 weeks. Tamoxifen-induced deletion of Panx1 was performed before or after 4 weeks of HCD. Body weight and serum lipid profiles were determined. The atherosclerotic plaque burden was assessed by Sudan-IV staining on thoracic-abdominal aortas and in aortic roots. Plaque composition was determined by immunohistochemistry. No differences in serum cholesterol, LDL and HDL were observed between genotypes and between sexes after HCD. Bodyweight, serum triglycerides and free fatty acid levels were higher before and after 6 weeks of HCD in male Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- and control Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice compared to females of the same genotypes, which was associated with more lipids and inflammatory cells in their atherosclerotic plaques. In contrast, the atherosclerotic plaque burden was higher in female mice. The progression of atherosclerosis in male mice was not different between genotypes. However, female Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice showed enhanced progression of atherosclerosis compared to Panx1fl/flApoe-/- controls of the same sex. In addition, atherosclerotic lesions in female, but not in male, Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice showed T cell enrichment. Altogether, our results reveal differential sex-dependent effects of Panx1 in lymphatic endothelium on the progression of atherosclerosis.

Clinical Study of Lipid Profile in Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Tertiary care Center

Background: Stroke caused by Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has high mortality rate. Among various risk factors for ICH, hypertension is the most important factor. Certain population studies have reported a paradox of inverse association between serum cholesterol and risk of ICH. Aims and objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the serum lipid profile total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), high density cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density cholesterol (LDL-C) in intracerebral haemorrhage patients and look for correlation. Methods: 50 patients with ICH admitted in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study design was a hospital based observational clinical study. History, clinical examination and investigations (CT &amp; MRI Brain and basic blood biochemistry with serum lipid profile) were collected and the data were analysed statistically. Results: Majority of the ICH patients in our study were &gt;55 years and were males. The total serum cholesterol was &lt; 200mg/dl in 72 % of our patients, with a mean of 168.09 ±43.74mg%. Serum triglyceride level was patients, with mean of 108.26±43.31mg%. HDL-C was &lt; 40 mg/dl in 76% of patients and VLDL-C was &lt; 30mg/dl in 72% patients. The various lipid fractions observed were found to be low in majority of our ICH patients (p value &lt; 0.05), suggesting a negative association between the two. The results obtained were comparable to other similar studies. Conclusion: Majority of intracerebral haemorrhage patients in our study had lower levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C. Whether the inverse association between serum lipid levels and ICH is a true causal association or only by chance due to other common confounding factors needs to be evaluated with large scale studies.

Therapeutic Potential of Ginger Ethanolic Extract, Ginger-Loaded Chitosan ‎Nanoparticles, and Chitosan Nanoparticles in Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dogss in Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in dogs is a complex, multifactorial disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Current therapeutic options are often limited by side effects and variable efficacy, highlighting the need for more effective and safer treatments. This study assessed the therapeutic potential of ginger ethanolic extract (GEE), GEE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GEE-CNPs), and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) against T2DM in dogs. Twenty adult local breed mongrel dogs of both sexes, aged 7 to 13 months, with an average body weight of 10.4±0.76 kg, were included. The dogs were allocated into five groups (n=4 each): a non-diabetic, untreated Negative Control group, and four diabetic treatment groups, following T2DM induction via a single intravenous alloxan-nicotinamide injection. Each treatment group received daily oral administrations of either saline (Positive Control), GEE, GEE-CNPs, or CNPs at a dosage of 81.7 mg/kg BW over 45 days. Serum glycemic status (fasting serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance) was ‎recorded at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 45 post-treatments. ‎Additionally, on day 45, serum lipid profiles, liver function indicators (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], and bilirubin), and ‎markers of antioxidant status (glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were assessed.‎ The results showed that dogs in the diabetic Positive Control group ‎exhibited ‎hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia‎, liver ‎dysfunction, and elevated ‎oxidative stress markers, ‎‎underscoring the severe impact of T2DM. Compared to the diabetic Positive Control, oral GEE, GEE-CNPs, and CNPs ‎treatments significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved ‎fasting glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles (reduced total cholesterol, ‎triglycerides, and LDL-C), liver function markers, and antioxidant status, indicating ‎enhanced metabolic health and reduced oxidative stress. The findings suggest that GEE, GEE-CNPs, and CNPs offer potential as therapeutic agents for T2DM in dogs, demonstrating ‎significant benefits in glycemic control, lipid normalization, liver function, and oxidative ‎stress reduction. Further investigations with larger cohorts and longer durations are ‎recommended to confirm these results and ascertain the clinical applicability and safety of ‎these natural remedies in managing canine diabetes‎‎‎.

Randomized Control Trial To Study The Effect Of Coded Unani Formulation UNIM-904 And Amlodipine On Serum Lipid Profile And Electrolyte Level In Patients With Essential Hypertension.

Abstract Essential hypertension, is a major health problem in developed countries, affecting nearly one billion people worldwide [1]. It has a strong association with cardiovascular disease and contributes greatly to morbidity, mortality economic burden [2], Accounting for about 57% of all deaths due to stroke and 24% of all deaths due to coronary heart disease in India [3]. By 2025, the number of hypertensive individuals may rise to 213 million from 118 million in 2000 [4]. The major risk factors for hypertension include obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dyslipidaemia apart from the dietary pattern [5]. Various studies have implicated a close association of dyslipidaemia and hypertension [6,7]. Herbal medicines origin has been extensively used in the therapeutic management of hypertension for a long time. Aim of the study: To study the Effect of coded Unani formulation UNIM-904 on serum Lipid profile and electrolyte level with allopathic drug amlodipine before and after treatment in patients with essential Hypertension. Materials and methods: The data presented in this work Randomized and open-level clinical trial conducted on 40 UNIM-904 and 40 amlodipine cases at the Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Mumbai, from 2014-2018. The participants of any sex aged between 30 and 60 years. The participants of the treatment group were treated with coded Unani formulation UNIM-904 5 gm BD/day) and Amlodipine 5 mg OD/day) was given to the control group for 84 days once at night daily. The statistical analysis of the presented data was done using a paired t-test and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant). The study indicates that when results were compared with baseline to end of treatment of two groups treated with Unani and allopathic drugs, namely, UNIM-904 and amlodipine, the former showed a significant. Results: We observed a significant reduction (treatment group versus control group) in mean serum potassium by 4.91 versus 4.45, Calcium 9.34 versus 8.52, Cholesterol 169.93 versus 198.87, HDL-Cholesterol 47.97 versus 44.29 levels was statistically significant after Treatment in both Groups. Thus, it is concluded that both the drugs do possess the anti-hypertensive activity and reduce systolic, and diastolic blood pressure respectively, there were no significant changes in liver function tests as well as kidney function tests. yet the Unani-coded drug has shown a comparatively better rate of safety and without side effects and, therefore, recommended for use in essential hypertension cases. Further studies are suggested on a larger group of essential hypertensive patients to develop safe, effective, viable, and cheap herbal drug to combat hypertension evading satisfactory cure in modern medicine.

Serum lipid profiling reveals characteristic lipid signatures associated with stroke in patients with leukoaraiosis

Many lipid biomarkers of stroke have been identified, but the lipid metabolism in elderly patients with leukoaraiosis remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore lipid metabolic processes in stroke among leukoaraiosis patients, which could provide valuable insights for guiding future antithrombotic therapy. In a cohort of 215 individuals undergoing MRI, 13 stroke patients were matched with controls, and 48 stroke patients with leukoaraiosis were matched with 40 leukoaraiosis patients. Serum lipidomics was profiled using UPLC-TOF, and OPLS-DA was applied for metabolite identification. Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM) assessed pathway weights of novel metabolites in stroke risk, while linear regression explored correlations with clinical outcomes. Lipid profiling identified 168 distinct compounds. From these, 25 lipid molecules were associated with glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism. PLS-PM identified 12 key metabolites, including DG 36:4 (OR = 6.40) as a significant risk factor. Metabolites such as PE 38:5 and FA 16:1;O showed significant correlations with stroke in leukoaraiosis, particularly when the Fazekas score was ≥ 4. Twelve metabolites were identified as key factors in stroke incidence among leukoaraiosis patients. Lipid disturbances in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids provide valuable insights for further studies on the progression from leukoaraiosis to stroke.

Relationship between Heated Tobacco Product Use and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2021 (VII-1 and VIII).

The use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) among Korean adults has been steadily increasing since they were first introduced in 2017. It is known that smoking combustible cigarettes (CCs) adversely affects the serum lipid profile and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the health impacts of HTPs remain under- researched. This study, therefore, aims to explore the effects of HTP use on serum lipid levels. This study involved 10,309 participants, selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1 and VIII conducted between 2018 and 2021. Participants were categorized based on their smoking status: "HTPs ever user" included dual, triple, and past HTP users; "current HTPs only user" for those exclusively using HTPs; "current CCs only user" for those exclusively smoking CCs; and "never smoker." Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of smoking type on serum lipid concentrations. The analysis revealed that the "HTPs ever user" group had a higher odds ratio (OR) for elevated total cholesterol compared to the "never smoker" group (OR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.92). The likelihood of having high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was greatest in the "current HTPs only user" group when compared to "never smokers" (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.89). The findings indicate that exclusive use of HTPs is linked to an increased level of serum LDL-cholesterol. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to fully determine the health risks associated with HTPs.

Correlation Between Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver disease characterized by a broad range of liver pathology, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma. NAFLD has emerged as a public health concern in the world within the last 20 years, it is linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and dyslipidemia. Increased visceral adipose tissue in obese people can cause insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia, which will speed up the lipolysis of adipose tissue, Lipo-toxicity-related chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in the development of NAFLD. Objective: Determine the correlation between lipid profile and liver function in patients with NAFLD. Patients and Methods: A study was conducted at Tikrit Teaching Hospital from 28 November to 28 December 2023. The study involved 90 participants, 60 with NAFLD and 30 healthy subjects. The study used a spectrophotometer (Model NO. HV-2800EX) and a colorimetric kit from Spain linear chemicals to determine various parameters, such as Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), High-density lipoprotein(HDL), Low-density lipoprotein(LDL), Very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL), Triglyceride(TG), and cholesterol. Results: The mean age of patients in the group was 40.93 years, with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years. Serum levels of liver function enzymes (GGT, AST, ALT) and lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol) were measured and compared to the control groups. Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher serum liver function enzymes and increased serum lipid profile (TG, VLDL, LDL, and cholesterol) while showing a significant decrease in HDL concentration when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patients showed an increase in liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) and lipid profile (LDL, VLDL, TG, cholesterol) with reduced HDL as compared to healthy individuals. Keywords: Nonalcoholic fatty liver, liver function enzymes, lipid profile.