Lipid Peroxidation Parameters Research Articles

Effect of extended-release metformin on humoral cardiometabolic markers and lipid peroxidation parameters in patients with prediabetes, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and abdominal obesity

Effect of extended-release metformin on humoral cardiometabolic markers and lipid peroxidation parameters in patients with prediabetes, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and abdominal obesity

Dietary supplementation with ginseng extract enhances testicular function, semen preservation, and fertility rate of mature and aging Thai native roosters

The decrease in fertility in aging roosters is related to the reduced quality of ejaculated sperm. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with ginseng extract at various concentrations (0–150 mg/kg) on testicular function, semen preservation, and fertility at different stages of sexual maturity (mature and aging roosters) in Thai native roosters. Pradu Hang Dum roosters at 32 (mature; n = 24) and 75 (aging; n = 24) weeks of age were fed diets with non-supplemented or supplemented ginseng extracts (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) until the end of the experiment. In experiment 1, fresh semen samples were examined for the quality parameters of semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic activities. In experiment 2, semen was preserved at 5 °C for up to 48 h, and the semen quality and fertility potential were determined. In experiment 3, testicular function and testosterone concentrations were evaluated. The results showed that ginseng extract supplementation in the diets of both mature and aging roosters at 50 and 100 mg/kg improved fresh semen quality (P < 0.05). A decrease in malondialdehyde levels in fresh semen was observed with increasing enzyme activities. In mature roosters, the progressive motility of cold-stored semen and fertility rates were higher in the G50 and G100 groups compared to the control and G150 groups after 24 h of storage (P < 0.05). In aging roosters, the highest significant differences in progressive motility, viability, and fertility rates were observed in the G50 and G100 groups at all storage times (P < 0.01). These improvements might be attributed to good testicular function in spermatogenesis, as revealed by the results of histological examination and testosterone concentrations. However, higher doses of ginseng extract supplementation negatively affected sperm quality. In summary, the recommended dose of ginseng extract supplementation in diets is 50 mg/kg. Fertility results indicated that insemination with semen preserved for 24 h was satisfactory in both mature and aging roosters.

The potential of calcium nanoparticles in posthaverst conservation of fresh-cut seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

In fresh cut (FC) watermelon, texture loss on the flesh leads to tissue softening and greater water soaking, reducing the shelf life. This study was assessed the effect of calcium nanoparticles (NP) [CaO-NP and Ca(OH)2-NP] at three concentrations (100, 150, and 200 mg L−1) compared to control (water) and CaCl2 (1 %, w/v), on FC seedless watermelon. Treatments were applied by 3-min immersion and stored for 12 d at 5 ± 1 °C. Quality, oxidative stress and softening variables were determined every four days. The postharvest quality variables for all treatments were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), followed by cluster analysis, using the first three dimensions obtained from PCA (explaining 71.68 %). The PCA results showed that visual quality (VQ) was the most influential variable. The treatments with Ca(OH)2-NP positively affected FC watermelon while the treatments with CaO-NP showed a negative correlation. Furthermore, the PCA analysis showed a negative correlation between visual quality and the variables juice leakage (JL) and weight loss (WL). Cluster analysis showed that Ca(OH)2-NP treatments at 8 and 12 d were globally closer to the control at 0 d followed by all treatments applied at 4 d of storage. In general, positive effects were observed in the FC seedless watermelon treated with 100 and 150 mg L−1 Ca(OH)2-NP, compared to the FC seedless watermelon treated with CaO-NP in the same concentrations, in the parameters of water soaking, lipid peroxidation and in the PME activity after 12 d of storage. FC seedless watermelon treated with 100, 150 and 200 mg L−1 Ca(OH)2-NP showed 2.2, 4.4 and 3.2 times less water soaking, respectively, compared to the values observed in the same concentrations of CaO-NP. A similar trend was observed in the values of lipid peroxidation parameters and PME activity, where 2.5, 3.2 and 2.7 times less lipid peroxidation and 1.2, 1.4 and 1.8 times lower PME activity were observed. No differences were detected in CAT and POD activities between CaO-NP and Ca(OH)2-NP treatments. In general, the best quality results were obtained in the FC seedless watermelon fruit treated with the different concentrations of Ca(OH)2-NP.

The toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles induced on the testicular cells: In vitro study

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have gained significant attention in biomedical research due to their potential applications. However, little is known about their impact and toxicity on testicular cells. To address this issue, we conducted an in vitro study using primary mouse testicular cells, testis fragments, and sperm to investigate the cytotoxic effects of sodium citrate-coated SPIONs (Cit_SPIONs). Herein, we synthesized and physiochemically characterized the Cit_SPIONs and observed that the sodium citrate diminished the size and improved the stability of nanoparticles in solution during the experimental time. The sodium citrate (measured by thermogravimetry) was biocompatible with testicular cells at the used concentration (3%). Despite these favorable physicochemical properties, the in vitro experiments demonstrated the cytotoxicity of Cit_SPIONs, particularly towards testicular somatic cells and sperm cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that Leydig cells preferentially internalized Cit_SPIONs in the organotypic culture system, which resulted in alterations in their cytoplasmic size. Additionally, we found that Cit_SPIONs exposure had detrimental effects on various parameters of sperm cells, including motility, viability, DNA integrity, mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and ROS production. Our findings suggest that testicular somatic cells and sperm cells are highly sensitive and vulnerable to Cit_SPIONs and induced oxidative stress. This study emphasizes the potential toxicity of SPIONs, indicating significant threats to the male reproductive system. Our findings highlight the need for detailed development of iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance reproductive nanosafety.

Pharmaceutical composition of 1,2,4-trioxolanes with betulin in fish oil. Effect on oxidative and energy metabolism in the treatment of burns in rats

Background. Ozonation products of unsaturated fatty acids in fats and oils – 1,2,4-trioxolanes – which contribute to the normalization of oxidative and energy metabolism in various diseases, may be a promising substance for the creation of new combined anti-burn drugs.The aim. To study the effect of 1,2,4-trioxolanes in a pharmaceutical composition with betulin, which exhibits wound-healing properties, on indicators of oxidative stress and on energy metabolism in the treatment of burns in an experiment onrats. Methods. The experiments were carried out on 50 male Wistar rats with seconddegree skin burns. We assessed the activity of glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the level of lipid peroxidation indicators.Results. The properties of 1,2,4-trioxolanes were studied and a pharmaceutical composition of 1,2,4-trioxolanes with betulin from birch bark in fish oil was developed. The effect of this composition on oxidative and energy metabolism in rats during the treatment of burns was studied. The activation of NADP/H and NAD/H dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase), as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the normalization of lipid peroxidation parameters under the influence of the studied composition in the treatment of burns were revealed. The effect of the composition on the energy metabolism of erythrocytes was noted, which was assessed by changes in the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the reverse and direct reactions. Morphohistological studies showed that using the composition under normal conditions and in case of a burn had no effect on the structure of the stomach wall, and also improved the condition of the burn wound on the day 10 compared to the wound condition in animals without treatment.Conclusion. The proposed composition of 1,2,4-trioxolanes and betulin in fish oil, which allows normalizing oxidative and energy metabolism and improving the condition of a burn wound without toxic effects on the stomach wall, can be used as an element of additional therapy in the treatment of burns.

Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Rooster Semen Cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful reproductive technique in the poultry industry. However, during cooling, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have destructive effects on both quality and function of thawed sperm. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) during rooster semen cryopreservation. Semen samples were collected from ten Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters (32 weeks) and mixed. The mixed samples were divided into five equal parts and cryopreserved in Lake Buffer extender that contained different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM) of NAC. The optimum concentration of NAC was determined based on quality parameters of mobility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential after the freeze-thaw process. There was a higher percentage (p < 0.05) of total motility (TM) (60.9 ± 2.4%) and progressive motility (PM) (35.6 ± 1.9%) observed with the NAC-0.1 group compared to the other groups. Significantly higher percentages of viability (74.4 ± 2.3% and 71 ± 2.3%), membrane integrity (76.4 ± 1.5% and 74.7 ± 1.5%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (67.1 ± 1.6% and 66.3 ± 1.6%) were observed in the NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 groups compared to the other frozen groups (p < 0.05). The lowest percentage of lipid peroxidation and nonviable sperm was found in the NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and acrosome integrity, were not affected by different concentrations of NAC in the thawed sperm (p > 0.05). Both NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 appear to be beneficial for maintaining the quality of rooster sperm after thawing.

Arap aygırlarında spermatolojik parametrelerin sezonun farklı dönemlerine göre değişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi

In this study, determining of the variations on spermatological characteristics of Arabian stallion semen in the different periods of the breeding season is aimed. The periods have been described as the beginning of the season (BS: 15th February – 15th March), mid-season (MS: 15th April – 15th May), and end of the season (ES: 30th May – 30th June). A total of 7 Arabian stallions that were 5-10 years old, with body condition scores between 3-3.5 and without any problems in terms of general and reproductive health, were enrolled in the study. In total, three semen samples were collected from each stallion, once in each period. Then, these samples were evaluated in terms of volume, concentration, total motility (TMOT), progressive motility (PMOT), viability, high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), acrosome integrity (AI), capacitation index (Ci), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) parameters, which were analyzed by computer assisted sperm analysis and flowcytometry devices. As a result, the differences in volume, concentration, TMOT, and PMOT between the BS, MS, and ES periods were statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). The lowest viability values were determined in the BS period (p

Ferroptosis is involved in passive Heymann nephritis in rats

Ferroptosis is found to be involved in some experimental models of kidney diseases, but its role in membrane nephropathy (MN) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether ferroptosis occurred in MN, and the role of ferritinophagy. In this study, passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rats were induced by single tail vein injection of anti-Fx1A serum, and normal rats were used as control. The changes of 24 h urinary protein, serum biochemical parameters, renal pathological damage, iron content, lipid peroxidation parameters, ferroptosis markers, and ferritinophagy markers were evaluated in the two groups. Compared with the control group, PHN rats showed obvious proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Besides, more severe renal pathological damage and higher Fe2+ levels were observed in PHN rats, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly, while the levels of superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) decreased. In addition, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in renal tissues of PHN rats decreased significantly, while the expression of transferrin receptor (TFR) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) increased. The expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) II/LC3I and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) increased significantly. Therefore, our study shows that ferroptosis is involved in the pathological damage of MN, and companied by activation of ferritinophagy.

The effect of resveratrol on live weight, serum biochemistry and tissue antioxidant enzymes in rats

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of resveratrol used in adding it to drinking water. The study was carried out with 24 Wistar albino male 20 days rats for 40 days. The study design was determined as one control and two trial groups (each group with 2 parallels and each parallel with 4 rats). The first group was given a basal ration and drinking water. The second group was given the basal ration and drinking water with 10 mg/kg resveratrol; and the third group was given the basal ration and drinking water 20 mg/kg resveratrol. In serum biochemistry parameters, significant decreases were observed in serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein and globulin concentrations and increase in albumin/globulin ratio in groups given resveratrol (p&amp;lt;0.05). Regardless of the dose, an increase in the concentration of glutathione (GSH) from the antioxidant parameters was observed in the liver; In the kidney, an increase was observed in the Res10 group. In addition, a decrease in muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase in muscle and kidney catalase (CAT) activity were observed. A decrease was observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, which is a parameter of lipid peroxidation in the kidney. As a result, it was determined in the present study that resveratrol has antioxidant effects regardless of the way of use, and it was concluded that this additive can be used for various purposes.

Exploring the Relationship between Antioxidant Enzymes, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Clinical Profile in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

We aimed to investigate the extent of alterations in the pro/antioxidant balance in the blood of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in relation to drug-modified therapy, gender, disability score, and disease duration. 161 patients (67 men and 94 women, aged 24-69 years, median 43.0) and 29 healthy individuals (9 men and 20 women, aged 25-68 years, median 41.0) were included in the study. We measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) as well as the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid peroxidation parameters (LPO), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAS). The activity of SOD did not show any significant differences between patients with RRMS and the control group in our study. In contrast, significant decreased GPx activity and increased CAT activity was observed in the blood of patients with RRMS compared to the control group. Additionally, the activity of CAT was influenced by gender and the use of disease-modifying therapies. Disease-modifying therapies also affected the concentration of TOS, TAS, and LPO. Our studies indicated that enhancing GPx activity may be more beneficial to providing potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating antioxidant defenses to mitigate oxidative stress in this disease.

Metabolic accompaniment of plasma lipoproteins profile in persons with maladaptation

Background. During the implementation of the project "The relationship between the lipoprotein profile of the blood plasma and the parameters of the neuroendocrine-immune complex, and the influence of the factors of the Truskavets’ spa on them", we first divided observed cohort into 5 homogeneous groups that differed from each other by 6 discriminant variables. The purpose of this study is to identify the metabolic accompaniment of plasma lipoprotein profile in the same persons.&#x0D; Material and research methods. The object of observation were 41 volunteers: 20 women aged 30-76 years and 21 men aged 24-69 years without clinical diagnose but with dysfunction of neuroendocrine-immune complex and dysmetabolism. We estimated lipoprotein profile of plasma, determined the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, parameters of lipid peroxidation as well as routine biochemical and paraclinical parameters.&#x0D; Results. The patients with increased, normal and decreased levels of Dobiásová’s&amp;Frohlich’s Atherogenic Index of Plasma (D&amp;FAIP) are characterized, together with levels of Triglycerides and HDLP Cholesterol by definition, by specific constellations of levels of IL-6, IL-1, Diene conjugates, Malondialdehyde, Katalase, Glucose, and Alanine aminotransferase (classification accuracy is 98.8%). A close canonical correlation was found between the parameters of the plasma lipoprotein profile, on the one hand, and metabolism and erythroon, on the other (R=0.920).&#x0D; Conclusion. Atherogenic, normal and anti-atherogenic blood plasma is characterized by specific levels of markers of inflammation, lipid peroxidation, cytolysis and erythroon.

A relation between specific immune status indicators and activity of “lipid peroxidation — antioxidant defense” system in COVID-19 neonates

The 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has not been considered as a solved issue for public health. Pregnant women and newborns are specifically vulnerable to COVID-19 infection compared to older children and healthy young adults. Virtually no data on relation between diverse arms of immunity in patients in neonatal period and coronavirus infection are available. The obtained results can contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms on reactivity of immune processes in young patients and corresponding formation of approaches for prevention and correction of such disorders. The aim of the study was to determine magnitude of specific altered parameters in immune system and their relation with lipid peroxidation parameters in COVID-19 newborns. Two groups of newborns (mean age 43.1 days) were examined: SARS-CoV-2-positive (COVID-19 patients, n = 44) and negative (control group, n = 80) PCR test of nasopharyngeal swab. All newborns were assessed for specific indicators of peripheral blood immune status and lipid peroxidation activity. The concentration of Th1-pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-anti-inflammatory interleukins was assessed by enzyme immunoassay method (a panel of monoclonal antibodies). Spectrophotometric, fluorometric and enzyme immunoassay methods to evaluate the lipid peroxidation system were used. According to our data, newborns with COVID-19 vs. healthy newborns had decreased CRP, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and anti-inflammatory factor (IL-4). Change in lipid peroxidation system in children with COVID-was 19 related to higher level of DC, KD and CT, TBARs, increased SOD activity and reduced GPO. Numerous intersystem dependencies in the group of newborns with COVID-19 (CRP Total AOA, IL-4 KD and CT, IL-4 TBARs, IL-4 Total AOA, IL-4 SOD, IL-8 SOD, IFN GSH) were noted. It can be concluded that in newborns with COVID-19, changes in the immune system are nonspecific and are accompanied by an increased intensity of lipid peroxidation reactions against the background of reduced values of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These results may contribute to a more accurate assessment of intensity and dynamics of emerging neonatal coronavirus infection, which should be an important arm in preventing subsequent complications.

γ-Mangostin abrogates AINT-induced cholestatic liver injury: Impact on Nrf2/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β/GSDMD signalling

γ-Mangostin (γ-MN) is one of the abundant xanthones separated from Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae) pericarps that has been reported to have varied bioactivities such as neuroprotective, cytotoxic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation. Yet, its effect on cholestatic liver damage (CLI) has not been investigated. This study explored the protective activity of γ-MN against alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced CLI in mice. The results showed that γ-MN protected against ANIT-induced CLI as indicated by reduced serum levels of hepatic injury parameters (e.g., ALT, AST, γ-GT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, and total bile acids). ANIT-induced pathological lesions were improved in γ-MN pre-treated groups. γ-MN exerted potent antioxidant effects as it lowered the parameters of lipid peroxidation (4-HNE, PC, and MDA) and intensified the content and activity of antioxidants (TAC, GSH, GSH-Px, GST, and SOD) in the hepatic tissue. Furthermore, γ-MN enhanced the signalling of Nrf2/HO-1 as it augmented the mRNA expression of Nrf2/downstream genes (HO-1/GCLc/NQO1/SOD). The binding capacity and the immuno-expression of Nrf2 were also increased. γ-MN showed anti-inflammatory capacity as it suppressed the activation of NF-κB signalling, it decreased mRNA expression and levels of NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-6 and the immuno-expression of NF-κB/TNF-α. In addition, γ-MN inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome as it lowered the mRNA expression of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β along with their levels as well as the immuno-expression of caspase-1/IL-1β. γ-MN also reduced the level of the pyroptotic parameter GSDMD. Collectively, this study demonstrated the potent hepatoprotective potential of γ-MN against CLI which was linked to its ability to potentiate Nrf2/HO-1 and to offset NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β/GSDMD. Hence, γ-MN may be suggested as a new candidate for cholestatic patients.

Radio-adaptive Response Induced by Low-dose Ionizing Radiation in Innate Immunity for Radiotherapy.

Radio-adaptive response (RAR) is a mechanism by which low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) protect cells from subsequent high doses. This study aimed to compare the immuno-radiological effects of 0.25, 0.5, and 5 Gy to 0.25 or 0.5 Gy as priming and 5 Gy as challenging doses. Thirty-five rats were irradiated whole-body with 0.25 and 0.5 Gy followed by 5 Gy, and the same single IR doses with non-irradiated animals serving as controls. Serum interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured 4 d post both priming and challenge doses. A 0.25-Gy priming dose significantly (P < 0.05) reduced serum TNF-α, MDA, and NO levels compared to all single-irradiated groups. Surprisingly, there was no difference in IFN-γ serum levels between the RAR-induced and non-irradiated groups (P ≥ 0.05). Compared to the same low priming dose (0.25 and 0.5 Gy), the effect of the challenging dose (5 Gy) remains unchanged or decreases. Serum IFN-γ, MDA, and NO concentrations, on the other hand, were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the 0.5 Gy pre-challenging dose, whereas IL1β had no effect (P ≥ 0.05) compared to 5 Gy alone. The post-RAR group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower oxidative stress indicators than the other irradiation groups. The findings suggested that priming with low IR could help mitigate the negative effects on the hematopoietic system. Finally, RAR has significantly impacted endogenous cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and lipid peroxidation parameters. RAR can improve patients' radiological safety profiles by mitigating adverse radiotherapy effects.

The determination of the protective role of sildenafil administration in rats with sepsis-induced liver injury.

Sepsis is a complex syndrome which comes out after infection, characterized by activation of inflammation and infection and has a high morbidity and mortality. Sildenafil (SLD) is a selective phosphodiesterase Type 5 enzyme inhibitor and is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction effectively all over the world. In this study, we investigated whether SLD had protective effect or not by studying the effect of SLD on reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) polymicrobial sepsis model in rat liver histopathologically and biochemically. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) 10 mg/kg SLD given CLP group; (2) 20 mg/kg SLD given CLP group; (3) CLP group; and (4) SHAM operated group. CLP polymicrobial sepsis model was applied to the rats. All rats in our study were sacrificed by overdose general anesthetic after 16 h (thiopental sodium, 50 mg/kg). Specimens of rat liver were analyzed histopathologically and biochemically. In the study, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) parameters were measured to indicate the antioxidant activity in liver during sepsis. To evaluate the oxidant activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) parameters were measured in liver tissue. SOD and MPO activities and GSH and LPO levels were high in CLP polymicrobial sepsis model when compared to SHAM group (p<0.05). In all SLD groups, GSH levels were high when compared to CLP group. In 20 mg/kg SLD given sepsis group, high GSH levels were observed according to SHAM group. In addition, while all SLD dose groups had a significant decrease versus CLP group in LPO levels (p<0.05), they had a significant increase in MPO activities. In 20 mg/kg SLD administrated rats, an improvement observed in biochemical parameters. In this study, SOD and MPO activities which were low in SHAM group increased in CLP polymicrobial sepsis model. When SLD administrated, MPO activity increased in both SHAM and CLP groups. In this study, GSH and LPO levels also increase in septic liver tissue. When SLD administrated to SHAM group, it increased VI protective GSH level and decreased detrimental LPO level. In histopathological examination, it was observed that 10 mg/kg SLD administration had a curative effect in liver tissue partly. It was shown that acute SLD administration decreased liver damage in septic rats dose-dependently in this study. In addition, it was observed that it corrected the broken oxidant-antioxidant balance. This might mediate the protective effect of SLD in liver. However, we believe that new experimental and clinical studies should be in the future to understand the protective effect of SLD in liver.

Study of parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in rats treated with cadmium nitrate with biocorrection by infusion of Beta vulgaris seeds

Recently, interest in natural antioxidants and their use in the food industry has increased. In addition to ensuring maximum safety of the produced product, they also serve as an antioxidant shield for the entire living organism. Plant extracts contain flavonoid compounds that have an antioxidant effect. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the antioxidant properties of infusion of Beta vulgaris’s seeds, to establish the relationship between acute and subacute inoculation of rats with cadmium nitrate and oxidative stress. For this experimental study, we used 50 male rats. The animals were exposed to Cd nitrate, with an initial weight of 180 ± 30 g. The first groups of rats were injected with cadmium nitrate at a dose of 0.1 g/L inter peritoneal, the second groups received a 0.01% solution of cadmium nitrate 1 ml 5 days a week, orally for 10 and 24 days. The state of oxidative metabolism in the blood was investigated. To assess the state of oxidative metabolism in the blood, the primary, secondary and end products of lipid peroxidation were determined, such as diene conjugates (DC), cetodiene (CD), malondialdehyde (MDA), Schiff bases (SHB), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CAT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymes were evaluated by the parameters of antioxidant protection. The mean ± SEM values were calculated for each group to determine the significance of the intergroup difference. Each parameter was analyzed separately using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. To determine the difference between groups, Student’s “t”-test was used. Studies have shown that with the use of cadmium in the blood of experimental animals, there is a violation of catabolits of lipoperoxidation, depending on the length of the days of poisoning, but a significant decrease in the biocorrection of Beta vulgaris’s seeds. Because of in this study, we found that the activity levels of antioxidant defense enzymes were significantly increased in the blood of experimental animals, which biocorrected with beetroot seed infusion. In conclusion, our study allows us to state that the use infusion of Beta vulgaris’s seeds in subacute and acute experiments with poisoning of experimental rats with cadmium nitrate as an antioxidant protective effect.

Changes in CoQ10/Lipids Ratio, Oxidative Stress, and Coenzyme Q10 during First-Line Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (mUC).

Oxidative stress plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance level (TBARS)-a parameter of lipid peroxidation-has prognostic significance in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, the effect of cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy on oxidative stress, coenzyme Q10, and antioxidants remains unknown. The objective of this prospective study was to determine possible changes in the CoQ10 (coenzyme Q10)/lipids ratio, antioxidants (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-carotene, CoQ10), total antioxidant status (TAS), and TBARS in plasma at baseline and during first-line chemotherapy based on CDDP in mUC subjects. In this prospective study, 63 consecutive patients were enrolled. The median age was 66 years (range 39-84), performance status according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) was 2 in 7 subjects (11.1%), and visceral metastases were present in 31 (49.2%) patients. Plasma antioxidants were determined by HPLC and TAS and TBARS spectrophotometrically. After two courses of chemotherapy, we recorded significant enhancements compared to baseline for total cholesterol (p &lt; 0.0216), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (p &lt; 0.002), triacylglycerols (p &lt; 0.0083), α-tocopherol (p &lt; 0.0044), and coenzyme Q10-TOTAL (p &lt; 0.0001). Ratios of CoQ10/total cholesterol, CoQ10/HDL-cholesterol, and CoQ10/LDL-cholesterol increased during chemotherapy vs. baseline (p &lt; 0.0048, p &lt; 0.0101, p &lt; 0.0032, respectively), while plasma TBARS declined (p &lt; 0.0004). The stimulation of antioxidants could be part of the defense mechanism during CDDP treatment. The increased index of CoQ10-TOTAL/lipids could reflect the effect of CDDP protecting lipoproteins from peroxidation.

Mountain spa rehabilitation improved health of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: pilot study

European Association of Spa Rehabilitation (ESPA) recommends spa rehabilitation for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that a high-altitude environment with clean air and targeted spa rehabilitation (MR — mountain spa rehabilitation) can contribute to the improving platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics, to accelerating patient health and to the reducing socioeconomic problems. Fifteen healthy volunteers and fourteen patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome were included in the study. All parameters were determined before MR (MR1) and 16–18 days after MR (MR2). Platelet mitochondrial respiration and OXPHOS were evaluated using high resolution respirometry method, coenzyme Q10 level was determined by HPLC, and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as a parameter of lipid peroxidation was determined spectrophotometrically. This pilot study showed significant improvement of clinical symptoms, lungs function, and regeneration of reduced CI-linked platelet mitochondrial respiration after MR in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. High-altitude environment with spa rehabilitation can be recommended for the acceleration of recovery of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine and dexamethasone on the antioxidant status of erythrocytes in experimental immunogenic uveitis

Objective . To study the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dexamethasone over the parameters of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defence (AOD) in erythrocytes of rabbits with experimental immunogenic uveitis (EIU). Materials and methods . An experimental study was carried out on 45 rabbits. Animals with EIU were treated with placebo, NAC, dexamethasone, or a combination of NAC and dexamethasone. Parameters of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, triene conjugates, malondialdehyde) and AOD (catalase activity, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione and their ratio, superoxide dismutase) were observed in blood erythrocytes of rabits. Results . EIU in rabbits was accompanied by a significant elevation of LPO parameters and inhibition of AOD in erythrocytes. NAC significantly reduced the intensity of oxidative stress in erythrocytes, and also increased the AOP parameters, including the content of reduced glutathione. Dexamethasone led to the inhibition of the glutathione system. The combined application of NAC and dexamethasone revealed the synergism of their pharmacological action. Conclusion . EIU in rabbits is accompanied by systemic manifestations of oxidative stress. NAC has a pronounced antioxidant effect on the redox status of blood erythrocytes. Dexamethasone has an inhibitory effect on the glutathione system. The combined parenteral administration of NAC and dexamethasone revealed their combined synergistic pharmacological effect.

Evaluation of Hematological, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Profile in Cattle Infected with Brucellosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Brucellosis is a well-known and harmful zoonotic disease that poses a severe threat to public health and wild and dairy animals. Due to a lack of monitoring and awareness, disease incidence has increased. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to ascertain the status of seroprevalence of brucellosis, hematological, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in different breeds of cattle reared under tropical-desert conditions in Pakistan. This study comprised 570 cattle of different breeds. We recorded some epidemiological traits, including age and gender. The blood samples were obtained from all the cattle, screened with RBPT, and then confirmed by ELISA and PCR. The results recorded an overall 11.75%, 10.7%, and 9.64% prevalence of brucellosis based on RBPT, ELISA, and PCR. We obtained nonsignificant results in different age and sex groups of cattle. The results showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower values of erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin quantity, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and monocytes in infected cases. The results showed that the total leukocyte and neutrophil cells significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. The lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA- and NO-scavenging activity of erythrocyte) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in infected cattle, whereas significantly reduced antioxidant enzymes like SOD, RGSH, and CAT were. Similarly, significantly lower serum albumin levels and total serum proteins were recorded in infected cattle.