Lipid Peroxidation In Patients Research Articles

The Effects Of Surgical Arthroscopy And Intraarticular Medication On The Antioxidant System And Lipid Peroxidation In Knee Osteoarthritis

<b>Aim: </b>This study aims to evaluate the effects of joint surgery through arthroscopy, intraarticular medication, and antioxidant therapy on the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The study examines the ability of high-molecular weight hyaluronan, sodium hyaluronate, and oral Vitamin E to modulate oxidative stress markers in the knee joint.<br /> <b>Methods and Materials: </b>There were 60 patients diagnosed with KOA that were divided into four groups according to the type of treatment for this prospective study at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Blood and synovial fluid samples collected before and after treatment were evaluated for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) catalase (CAT). SPSS software was used to perform statistical analysis where the significance level was set at p<0.05.<br /> <b>Results: </b>Synovial fluid malondialdehyde levels that showed a decreased tendency among treated groups indicated a reduced state of antioxidant activity. However, no significant changes were observed in systemic oxidative stress markers. These findings show that localized antioxidant therapy within the knee can be effective in reducing oxidative stress, therefore, may have implications for nonsurgical treatment of KOA.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>The results emphasize possible gains made from combining surgical arthroscopy together with antioxidant treatment in managing KOA. By reducing the level of oxidative stress within the knee joint, this combined method can provide a viable solution to improve symptoms and quality of life among KOA patients.

PATIENTS' CHRONOTYPE INFLUENCE IN TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF PLACENTA CRYERXTRACT CHANGES IN MAXILLOFACIAL PHLEGMONS

Among acute odontogenic inflammatory diseases, a significant subset comprises purulent processes in soft tissues, including abscesses and phlegmons. Methods. The study encompassed 90 patients (both male and female) diagnosed with maxillofacial phlegmons, aged between 35 and 60 years. These patients were divided into three clinical groups, each comprising 30 individuals, further categorized into two subgroups based on circadian rhythms. Analyzing the obtained data, it can be asserted that the most significant changes in markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with superficial phlegmons of maxillofacial localization were experienced in both experimental groups when used against the background of treatment according to standard protocols of intravenous injections of the cryopreserved placenta without and in combination with local injection of the cryopreserved placenta as part of "Levomekol" ointment, in contrast to the control group. It was proved that the markers of lipid peroxidation underwent the most significant changes in both clinical groups compared to the control group, but the largest changes were visualized in the second clinical group. On the 5th day of treatment, SOD activity reliably increases by 15.7% in patients with the morning chronotype and 14.9% - with the evening chronotype. A significant decrease in erythrocyte catalase activity by 51.5% was noted in patients with the evening chronotype and 56.1% - with the morning chronotype. In the control group, significant changes were noted only in the late stages of treatment. The dependence of lipid peroxidation markers on the timing of surgical intervention on the patient's circadian rhythm was established, which is most clearly observed in the 2nd clinical group. Optimal healing of a purulent wound helps to reduce the duration of treatment, accelerate the rehabilitation of patients, and improve the formation of a postoperative scar. Conclusion. Thus, aligning the timing of surgical intervention for maxillofacial phlegmons with the patient's circadian rhythm, particularly when combined with intravenous injections and local application of placenta cryoextract alongside standard treatment, contributes to an optimal modulation of lipid peroxidation markers.

The Association of Antibody Levels with Body Mass Index, Stress Management Ability and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

The Association of Antibody Levels with Body Mass Index, Stress Management Ability and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

SAT-373 - ILT2 as a biomarker of impaired natural killer cells expressing excess lipid peroxidation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

SAT-373 - ILT2 as a biomarker of impaired natural killer cells expressing excess lipid peroxidation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Prognostic Value of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the Temporal Progression of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.

Oxidative stress is a major signature of spinal cord injury (SCI). The altered levels of various oxidative stress markers have been demonstrated in acute and chronic SCI. However, the variation of these markers in patients with chronic SCI depending on the time since the initial injury has not been explored yet. Our aim was to measure plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation in patients with SCI stratified in different periods of suffering the injury (0-5 years, 5-10 years, and more than 10 years). This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with SCI (N = 105) from different periods of the lesion and healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 38): short period (SCI SP, N = 31, time of evolution less than 5 years); early chronic (SCI ECP, N = 32, time of evolution 5-15 years); and late chronic (SCI LCP, N = 42, time of evolution more than 15 years). The plasma levels of MDA were measured using a commercially available colorimetric assay. Patients with SCI had significantly higher plasma levels of MDA than HC subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for plasma MDA levels in patients with SCI demonstrated areas under the curve (AUC) of 1 (HC vs. SCI-SP); 0.998 (HC vs. SCI-ECP); and 0.964 (HC vs. SCI-LCP). Additionally, three ROC curves were used to compare the different concentrations of MDA between the subgroups of patients with SCI, and the resulting AUCs were: 0.896 (SCI-SP vs. SCI-ECP); 0.840 (SCI-ECP vs. SCI-LCP); and 0.979 (SCI-SP vs. SCI-LCP). Plasma concentration of MDA can be considered as an oxidative stress biomarker to assess the prognosis of SCI in chronic stages.

Polyunsaturated and Saturated Oxylipin Plasma Levels Allow Monitoring the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression to Severe Stages.

Hepatic fat accumulation is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to determine the plasma levels of oxylipins, free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with NAFLD in progressive stages of the pathology. Ninety 40-60-year-old adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were distributed in without, mild, moderate or severe NAFLD stages. The free PUFA and oxylipin plasma levels were determined by the UHPLC-MS/MS system. The plasma levels of oxylipins produced by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450, such as prostaglandin 2α (PGF2α), lipoxinB4 and maresin-1, were higher in severe NAFLD patients, pointing to the coexistence of both inflammation and resolution processes. The plasma levels of the saturated oxylipins 16-hydroxyl-palmitate and 3-hydroxyl-myristate were also higher in the severe NAFLD patients, suggesting a dysregulation of oxidation of fatty acids. The plasma 12-hydroxyl-estearate (12HEST) levels in severe NAFLD were higher than in the other stages, indicating that the hydroxylation of saturated fatty acid produced by reactive oxygen species is more present in this severe stage of NAFLD. The plasma levels of 12HEST and PGF2α are potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD vs. non-NAFLD. In conclusion, the NAFLD progression can be monitored by measuring the plasma levels of free PUFA and oxylipins characterizing the different NAFLD stages or the absence of this disease in metabolic syndrome patients.

The Role of Equilibrium between Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of oxidative stress and disorders of the antioxidant defense system are involved in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depression, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. This review focuses on a better appreciation of the contribution of oxidative stress to depression and bipolar disorder. Methods: This review was conducted by extracting information from other research and review studies, as well as other meta-analyses, using two search engines, PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: As far as depression is concerned, there is agreement among researchers on the association between oxidative stress and antioxidants. In bipolar disorder, however, most of them observe strong lipid peroxidation in patients, while regarding antioxidant levels, opinions are divided. Nevertheless, in recent years, it seems that on depression, there are mainly meta-analyses and reviews, rather than research studies, unlike on bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, this review shows that there is an association among oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants in both mental disorders, but further research should be performed on the exact role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Chronic Cerebral Ischaemia Stages I-Ii of the Disease: Immune and Metabolic Disorders

Due to the increase in average-expectancy life in most developed countries and the environmental deterioration, there has been an increase in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this study attempts to analyze the chronic Cerebral Ischaemia Stages I-Ii of the disease, immune and metabolic disorders. To fulfil the study’s aim, seventy-five patients of the neurological department of “Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital” suffering from CCI in presence of hypertension, where 32 patients were with the stage I (1st main group) and 43 - with the stage II (2nd main group) at the age of 50 ± 5 years old are examined. In patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) stages I and II in presence of hypertension, among the 28 studied parameters of the immune and metabolic status of the blood plasma in addition to the content of the C4 component and the complement factor H inhibitor, 92,9% of the indicators were changed from the values of healthy donors at the start of treatment, in the patients with both stages of the disease 73,1% of these parameters turned out to be the same in magnitude and direction of changes, and 26,9% were identical in direction. The data obtained indicate the presence of immune inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of lipid peroxidation in patients with CCI. The performed standard pharmacotherapy did not normalize 61,5% of the studied laboratory immune and metabolic indicators changed prior to the treatment in patients with CCI stage I and 76,9% of those with stage II, which, in its turn, makes necessary the correction of immunometabolic disorders at an early stage of the disease, studies of various combinations of preparations with antioxidant, nootropic, metabolic action in complex pharmacotherapy, and the introduction of immunomodulators into the accepted therapeutic regimens are necessary as well.

GPX4 regulates cellular necrosis and host resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Cellular necrosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection promotes both immunopathology and bacterial dissemination. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in preventing iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death (ferroptosis), a process previously implicated in the necrotic pathology seen in Mtb-infected mice. Here, we document altered GPX4 expression, glutathione levels, and lipid peroxidation in patients with active tuberculosis and assess the role of this pathway in mice genetically deficient in or overexpressing Gpx4. We found that Gpx4-deficient mice infected with Mtb display substantially increased lung necrosis and bacterial burdens, while transgenic mice overexpressing the enzyme show decreased bacterial loads and necrosis. Moreover, Gpx4-deficient macrophages exhibited enhanced necrosis upon Mtb infection in vitro, an outcome suppressed by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. These findings provide support for the role of ferroptosis in Mtb-induced necrosis and implicate the Gpx4/GSH axis as a target for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis.

The severity of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, decreased elastic properties and tone of peripheral vessels in patients with different POAG course variants, depending on the polymorphism of the genes of the biological clock

The purpose is to find out the relations of the vascular endothelium dysfunction, atherosclerotic damage to the vessels of the upper and lower limbs, the state of the antioxidant and prooxidant systems, and the lipid profile in patients with different POAG course — carriers of biological clock gene polymorphism.Materials and methods. 47 patients with advanced POAG underwent an examination that included visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, perimetry, tonometry, thermometry, as well as determination of lipid metabolism, indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant system. All patients were also tested for the degree of endothelial dysfunction by reactive hyperemia method, and the elastic properties and vascular wall tone by the volumetric sphygmomanometry method. POAG progression was determined by static automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography. The hospitalized patients were examined for daily melatonin profile and key biological clock genes typed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The genetic material was taken by buccal scraping. Polymorphic variants were identified for CLOCK rs1801260 3111T/C and MTNR1B genes. 16 patients (S-POAG — 8, A-POAG — 8) were tested for melatonin taken from saliva samples at different times of the day in laboratory conditions with controlled nutrition and lighting using the DLMO protocol.Results. The predictors of glaucoma progression were found to be pronounced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to the acceleration of atherogenesis and a decrease in the elastic properties of the vascular wall of peripheral vessels. Clock 3111t-c circadian gene polymorphism was found to be interrelated with lipid metabolism disorders and increased lipid peroxidation in patients with POAG progression. Carriers of the G allele of the MTNR1B gene tend to have a higher level of triglyceride (TG) which grows in the evening hours if glaucoma is progressing. We showed that the phasal and amplitude characteristics of daily melatonin level, rather than its average level, may affect the state of the vascular wall of peripheral vessels in POAG patients.Conclusion. POAG progression is associated with pronounced oxidative stress, weakened antioxidant protection and dyslipoproteinemia. Differences in the lipid profile (dyslipidemia) and the indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in patients with stable and progressing glaucoma course are mutually related with Clock 3111t-c gene polymorphism (CG genotype).

Relationship between Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Glutathione Antioxidant System in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis of Various Etiology.

Oxidative stress involvement in liver diseases has been extensively studied. A direct assessment of the reactive species incriminated is avoided due to their short lifespan and high cost. For these reasons an inexpensive and easy to perform test for whole body oxidative stress is highly desired. This pilot study was conducted to assess the relationship between γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and markers of oxidative stress: reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and lipid peroxidation in patients with liver cirrhosis due to chronic ethanol consumption and viral hepatitis. Forty-eight patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and cirrhosis developed after HBV and HCV infection were included in this study.Blood GSH andGPxand serum GGT and MDAwere assayed and the results were statistically analyzed. The activity of serum GGT was significantly higher in the alcoholic group. The relationship between GGT activity, GSH and MDA levels was different between groups.A strong significant positive correlation between GGT and GSH was noticed for the patients from GGT Q3 and Q4 quartiles in the group of viral liver cirrhosis, while for alcoholics the relationship between GGT and GSH showed the trend for a negative correlation.The values of serum MDA differ significantly between groups (p<0.015); a very significant variation was observed at low levels of GGT activity (p<0.006). Our study demonstrates that the GSH antioxidant defense system is more compromisedin alcoholic cirrhosisand tends to correlate negatively with GGT. Even in its normal range GGT might be an early and sensitive marker of oxidative stress.

Assessment of the state of the oxidant-antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic pancreatitis combined with hypothyroidism

Changes in oxidative-antioxidant homeostasis is one of the pathogenetic links in the onset and progression of many nosologies, including chronic pancreatitis (CP) and hypothyroidism (HТ), however, data on the development of oxidative stress (OS) with a combination of CP and HP are insufficient, therefore, determining the role of these systems with a comorbid course of these pathologies is an urgent issue of our time.The aim of the work is to study the state of the oxidative and antioxidant system in patients with CP and CP combined with HT.Material and methods. 96 people were examined, including 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis (group 1), 24 patients with hypothyroidism (group 2), 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis on the background of hypothyroidism (group 3), 20 almost healthy individuals (group 4). Evaluation of the oxidative-antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation was assessed by determining the content of malonic aldehyde in blood plasma (MA pl.) And erythrocytes (MA er.), The level of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione-S-trans-ion (GT). Enzyme activity was calculated per 1 g of hemoglobin (HB).Research results. The analysis of the obtained results revealed clear patterns of changes in the state of the oxidative-antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic pancreatitis on the background of hypothyroidism. Namely, violation of lipid peroxidation in patients with comorbid pathology, accompanied by an increase in the content of MA er. by 44.87% and the content of MA in blood plasma by 46.42%; oxidative-antioxidant system: decrease in HF in the blood by 51,61%, combined of a compensatory increase in BP - by 48.03% and HT - by 34.76%.Conclusion. Under the conditions of comorbidity of CP and HT, there is a violation of the oxidative-antioxidant system and the state of lipid peroxidation, which is characterized by a significant increase in MA in erythrocytes and MA in plasma against a decrease in glutathione and which complicates the course of the underlying disease, its diagnosis and treatment.

Коррекция ферментативного состояния и перекисного окисления липидов у онкобольных с мультиорганными оперативными вмешательствами

Актуальность. Вопрос восстановления показателей ферментативного состояния и перекисного окисления липидов у онкобольных при мультиорганных хирургических вмешательствах является насущной проблемой современной онкологии. Поэтому представляет особый интерес исследование этих показателей при проведении интенсивной терапии с целью их улучшения для оценки в дальнейшем уменьшения частоты осложнений. Цель: коррекция окислительно-восстановительного метаболизма на основе данных ферментативного состояния и перекисного окисления липидов у онкобольных с мультиорганными оперативными вмешательствами в условиях проведения периоперационной интенсивной терапии у пациентов разных возрастных групп. Материалы и методы. У онкобольных с мультиорганными оперативными вмешательствами (в возрасте 66,8 ± 3,4 года) проведены исследования ферментативного состояния и перекисного окисления липидов. Выделялись контрольная группа и группа с антиоксидантной протекцией аргинина глутаматом (40,0% по 5 мл два раза в сутки внутривенно капельно на 200 мл физиологического раствора) и корвитином (лиофилизат для раствора по 0,5 г два раза в сутки внутривенно капельно на 100 мл физиологического раствора). Проводилось разделение на группы до 65 лет и 65 лет и старше. Результаты. На фоне усовершенствованной интраоперационной интенсивной терапии уже на четвертые сутки мы имели достоверное повышение активности супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы, глутатионпероксидазы, a-токоферола ацетата с последующим устойчивым эффектом на 2-й неделе и уменьшение содержания в плазме крови малонового диальдегида и NO-зависимых метаболитов. Это, безусловно, свидетельствует об эффективности периоперационной интенсивной терапии, направленной на коррекцию метаболических нарушений и достижение опережающего эффекта антиоксидантной протекции относительно возможных последующих негативных воздействий. Выводы. В группе пациентов в возрасте 65 лет и старше проведение интенсивной терапии дает возможность достоверно восстановить показатели ферментативного состояния и перекисного окисления липидов. Поэтому в данной группе онкобольных определение этих показателей и проведение метаболической интенсивной терапии необходимо для дальнейшего восстановления их состояния.

Preliminary Findings on the Association of the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal with the Lethal Outcome of Aggressive COVID-19.

Major findings of the pilot study involving 21 critically ill patients during the week after admission to the critical care unit specialized for COVID-19 are presented. Fourteen patients have recovered, while seven passed away. There were no differences between them in respect to clinical or laboratory parameters monitored. However, protein adducts of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were higher in the plasma of the deceased patients, while total antioxidant capacity was below the detection limit for the majority of sera samples in both groups. Moreover, levels of the HNE-protein adducts were constant in the plasma of the deceased patients, while in survivors, they have shown prominent and dynamic variations, suggesting that survivors had active oxidative stress response mechanisms reacting to COVID-19 aggression, which were not efficient in patients who died. Immunohistochemistry revealed the abundant presence of HNE-protein adducts in the lungs of deceased patients indicating that HNE is associated with the lethal outcome. It seems that HNE was spreading from the blood vessels more than being a consequence of pneumonia. Due to the limitations of the relatively small number of patients involved in this study, further research on HNE and antioxidants is needed. This might allow a better understanding of COVID-19 and options for utilizing antioxidants by personalized, integrative biomedicine approach to prevent the onset of HNE-mediated vitious circle of lipid peroxidation in patients with aggressive inflammatory diseases.

Association of antioxidant deficiency and the level of products of protein and lipid peroxidation in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is considered a multifactorial disease, where one of the pathogenetic links is oxidative stress; however, the results of studies are often contradictory, largely due to significant heterogeneity among study methods. The present study was undertaken to compare the levels of oxidative stress markers in the peripheral blood of patients with a first episode of schizophrenia (FES) and in healthy volunteers (HV). The study included 50 patients with FES and 37 HV. Blood samples were collected for spectrophotometric assessment of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), aldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (ADNPH), and ketone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (KDNPH) in blood plasma. Results showed that in patients with FES compared with HV, a significant decrease in CAT activity and an increase in oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) were found. In both groups, a significant increase in the level of MDA with age was revealed. In patients, the GSH plasma level was inversely proportional to the ADNPH level, and SOD activity was directly proportional to the KDNPH level. In volunteers there was no such correlation; however, there was a direct correlation between CAT activity and the levels of OMP and MDA. In both groups, a moderate direct correlation between peroxidation products was observed. The results confirm that a redox imbalance (a deficiency of antioxidants, in particular CAT, and excess OMP) may be a pathogenetic link in schizophrenia, which is manifested already at an early stage of the disease.

Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic airborne pollutants and may cause adverse effects at high level of oxidative stress. Here we hypothesized that individuals with impaired lung function are susceptible to PAHs associated oxidative damage. Hence, we carried out a panel study and conducted four follow-up visits on 40 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 75 healthy controls. Hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured in urine as exposure and oxidative stress markers, respectively, which showed significant association in all participants. Quantitatively, a 1-fold increase in OH-PAHs was associated with a 4.1-15.1% elevation of MDA. The association between OH-PAHs and MDA levels became stronger in participants with impaired lung function. For 1% decrease of FEV1/FVC, the increase of MDA associated with a 1-fold increase in OH-PAHs was up to 0.49%, suggesting an increased susceptibility to PAH-induced oxidative damage in individuals with worse lung function. This study observed that impaired lung function modified the association between PAH exposure and oxidative damage, which might accelerate the aggravation of COPD, and therefore highlighted the necessity of protection measures to decrease the additional adverse effects of air pollution exposure. CAPSULE: Individuals with worse lung function may be more susceptible to PAH-induced lipid peroxidation.

Analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation in patients with more than 10 years of experience working at night

Analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation in patients with more than 10 years of experience working at night

Optimizing the Intensive Care Treatment of Delirium in Patients with 1,4-butanediol Intoxication

The aim of the study is to explore the best intensive care strategies for acute 1,4-butanediol poisoning complicated by post-intoxication delirium. Materials and methods . The data of the laboratory testing and treatment of 40 men with acute severe poisoning with 1,4-butanediol, complicated by post-intoxication delirium were analyzed. Twenty patients received succinate-containing drug, others were treated with conventional methods. The control group included 18 healthy male patients aged 25 to 40 years. Clinical course of delirium, parameters of glutathione system and lipid peroxidation in patients' red blood cells, oxygen transport function (by indirect calorimetry), gammahydroxybutyric acid level in the biological fluids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were evaluated during the study. Results. An increases in levels of reduced glutathione by 50.3% by day 7 (from 3.68±0.57 to 5.53±0.35 pmol/g), hemoglobin (Hb), antioxidant enzymes and glutathione reduction enzymes were found; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased by 17,1% (from 3.68±0.26 to 4.31±0.41 pmol/g Hb) and glutathione reductase increased by 15% (from 174.1±16.3 to 200.2±4.11 pmol/min/g Hb). At the same time, the MDA lipid peroxidation system activation was decreased by 41.9% (from 7.78±1.06 to 4.52±0.28 nmol/g Hb). Conclusion. The obtained data proved high efficacy of a succinate-containing drug in slowing down the progression of post-intoxication delirium through increasing the level of the main cellular antioxidant, the reduced glutathione.

Statins improve periodontal disease–induced inflammatory changes and associated lipid peroxidation in patients with dyslipidemia: Two birds by one stone

Aim: To show the potential role of statins on the inflammatory and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in patients with periodontal disease (PD). Materials and Methods: This case-controlled cross-sectional study involved 74 patients with PD and/or dyslipidemia divided into: Group (A): 34 patients with PD not on statin therapy (non-statin users), Group (B): 40 patients with PD on statin therapy (statin users), and Group (C): 30 healthy controls. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Also blood pressure profile and the indices of PD were evaluated in each group. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Patients with PD showed high cardiometabolic disturbances compared with control subjects. Inflammatory and lipid peroxidation biomarkers were higher in patients with PD compared with control subjects; IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and MDA sera level were high in patients with PD compared with control subjects (P = 0.001). Statin therapy, either simvastatin or atorvastatin, led to significant reduction in TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, blood pressure profile, and cardiac risk indices with elevation in HDL compared with non-statin user (P < 0.01). Also, statin therapy in patients with PD led to significant reduction in IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and MDA sera levels compared with non-statin user (P < 0.05). Simvastatin and atorvastatin produced improved periodontal indices compared with non-statin user (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both simvastatin and atorvastatin are effective therapies in patients with PD through amelioration of PD-induced inflammatory disorders and periodontal indices.

Effects of rhodiola rosea on oxidative stress and negative emotional states in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of rhodiola rosea on oxidative stress, anxiety and depression in patients with OSA. Method:Ninety patients with moderate and severe OSA patients with negative emotions diagnosed by PSG, self-rating depression scale （SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） were selected from the respiratory department of our hospital from February 2015 to February 2018. According to the random number table method, the patients were randomly divided into non-invasive ventilator group, rhodiola rosea+non-invasive ventilator group and rhodiola rosea group, with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the non-invasive ventilator group were treated with continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） for 3 months, and those in the rhodiola rosea+non-invasive ventilator group were treated with oral rhodiola capsules for 3 months on the basis of CPAP, and those in the rhodiola rosea treatment group were treated with pure oral rhodiola capsules for 3 months. The changes of SDS and SAS before and after the three groups were compared, and the changes of serum SOD and MDA were detected by immunoenzyme-linked adsorption for comparative analysis. Result:There were no significant differences in SDS and SAS scores between the three groups （P>0.05）. SDS and SAS scores of patients in the rhodiola rosea+non-invasive ventilator group decreased after treatment （P<0.05） compared with those in the non-invasive ventilator group. SDS and SAS scores of patients in the rhodiola treatment group increased after treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the rhodiola treatment group, SDS and SAS scores of patients in the rhodiola+non-invasive breathing group decreased after treatment （P<0.05）. Three group patients were no significant difference in serum SOD and malondialdehyde （MDA） before treatment （P>0.05）. Compared with before treatment, serum SOD level were all increased and MDA level were all decreased in the three groups after treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with noninvasive breathing unit after treatment, rhodiola+noninvasive breathing unit after treatment in patients with elevated levels of serum SOD, MDA level decreased （P<0.05）, and for the treatment group after treatment in patients with serum SOD levels drop, the MDA levels （P<0.05）, and the after rhodiola rosea treatment group compared, rhodiola+noninvasive breathing unit after treatment in patients with elevated levels of serum SOD, MDA level decreased （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Rhodiola may improve the negative emotions such as anxiety and depression by inhibiting oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation in patients with OSA.