Lipid Hydroperoxide Content Research Articles

Oxidative stress as a potential mechanism by which guanylurea disrupts the embryogenesis of Danio rerio

Metformin is one the most prescribed drug to treat type 2 diabetes. In wastewater treatment plants, this drug is bacterially transformed to guanylurea, which occurs at higher concentrations in the aquatic environments than its parent compound. Since there is a huge knowledge gap about the toxicity of this metabolite on aquatic organisms, we aimed to investigate the impact of guanylurea on the embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this effect, zebrafish embryos (4 h post fertilization) were exposed to 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 25,000, 50,000, 75,000 μg/L guanylurea until 96 h post fertilization. Guanylurea led to a significant delay in the hatching process in all exposure groups. Furthermore, this transformation product affected the embryonic development of fish, inducing severe body alterations and consequently leading to their death. The most pronounced malformations were malformation of tail, scoliosis, pericardial edema, yolk deformation and craniofacial malformation. Concerning oxidative stress response, we demonstrated that guanylurea induced the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in zebrafish embryos. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl and hydroperoxide content were also increased in the embryos exposed to this transformation product. However, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis carried out in this study demonstrated that oxidative damage biomarkers got more influence over the embryos than antioxidant enzymes. Thus, we can conclude that guanylurea induces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos, and that this transformation product impair the normal development of this freshwater organism.

Effect of Steric Structure on the Mechanism of Antioxidant Activity of Alkyl Gallates in Soybean Oil Triacylglycerols—A Kinetic Approach

AbstractFrom an interfacial phenomena standpoint, the effect of the alkyl chain length is evaluated on the mechanism of antioxidant activity of gallic acid ester derivatives (methyl, propyl, octyl, dodecyl, and stearyl gallates) in bulk phase oil. A combinational kinetic model is used to estimate the oxidation kinetic parameters, such as induction period, the maximum concentration of lipid hydroperoxides, and critical reverse micelle concentration. These kinetic parameters are estimated much better with the combinational model compared to the tangent method. The nonlinear behavior is observed for inhibitory activities of homologous series of antioxidants in soybean triacylglycerols. In terms of different kinetics parameters, including antioxidant effectiveness and activity, methyl gallate has the highest inhibitory effect during lipid peroxidation. Gallic acid and alkyl gallates are able to protect bulk oils against peroxidation (induction period > 336 h) in terms of the extent of their participation in the main reaction of chain termination and pro‐oxidative side reactions of chain initiation, and anti‐oxidative side reactions of chain propagation.Practical Applications: This work explains the effect of the esterification in the inhibitory activity of alkyl gallates, mechanism action of alkyl gallates in bulk oil systems, antiradical potency as a function of the interfacial phenomena, and free radical chain mechanism, the impact of antioxidant activity on critical reverse micelle concentration of hydroperoxides. Moreover, in this study, it is confirmed that the combinational kinetic model can be employed as a reliable method for determining the oxidation kinetic parameters.

Lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification for solvent-free production of mixed lauric acid esters with antibacterial and antioxidative activities

Mixed lauric acid esters (MLE) with antibacterial and antioxidative activities were produced through lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification in solvent-free system without purification. In the first reaction, erythorbyl laurate was synthesized for 72 h. Successive reaction for 6 h at molar ratio of 1.0 (lauric acid to glycerol) produced MLE containing erythorbyl laurate and glyceryl laurate with small amounts of residual substrates, by converting 99.52% of lauric acid. MLE addition (0.5–2.0%, w/w) to Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential, possibly enhancing the emulsion stability. In the emulsions, MLE at 0.5 and 2.0% (w/w) caused 4.4–4.6 and 5.9–6.1 log reductions of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), respectively, within 12 h. Lipid hydroperoxide concentrations decreased to 50.8–98.3% in the presence of 0.5–2.0% (w/w) MLE. These findings support a novel approach without needing purification to produce multi-functional food additives for emulsion foods.

Вплив шишок хмелю і вітаміну E на кетогенез та антиоксидантний статус корів

The purpose of the work was the correction rumen fermentation in the transition cows to prevent metabolic disorders. For the experiment, two groups of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed cows were formed, 10 animals per group. The experiment lasted 3 weeks prepartum and 3 weeks postpartum. Animals received a balanced diet, which consisted of haylage, silage, barley, wheat, corn, soybean meal, salt, mineral and vitamin premix. The first group was the control. To the diet of second group 300 mg of α-tocopherol acetate (0.6 g of Rovimix E-50) and 1 g/kg of dry hop cones per kg of dry matter was added. Before calving, the tested feed additive reduced the concentration of peroxide oxidation products in the cows blood (P<0.05) without affecting other parameters. Changes that are more significant detected after calving. A decrease in the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (P<0.05), TBARS (P<0.05), and beta-hydroxybutyrate (P<0.05) were observed in the blood of the cows of the experimental group. Therefore, the addition into diet of transition cows of α-tocopherol and hop cones inhibits the lipid peroxidation and reduces the ketones formation. So, this feed supplement can be used to prevent ketosis and steatosis in cows.

Ginseng Prong Added to Broiler Diets Reduces Lipid Peroxidation in Refrigerated and Frozen Stored Poultry Meats.

Fatty acid content and lipid oxidation products were compared in chicken breast and leg meats derived from birds fed on animal-fat- and vegetable-oil-based diets, supplemented with ginseng prong powder. The first experiment examined polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products in meats stored at refrigeration temperatures (4 °C) for up to 10 days, while the second experiment examined similar changes in the poultry meats when frozen stored at −18 °C, for up to six months. Results showed that initial lipid hydroperoxide concentrations increased in both breast and leg meat within the first week of refrigerated storage and also was ongoing during the first three to four months of frozen storage. A higher (p < 0.05) PUFA content in leg meat, especially in broilers fed a vegetable-oil-blended diet, corresponded to greater tendency for generation of primary lipid oxidation products after refrigerated and frozen storage (p < 0.05). The inclusion of powdered ginseng prong in broiler diets significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) secondary lipid oxidation products (e.g., malonaldehyde [MDA]) formation in both stored leg and breast meat, compared to controls. Significant interactions (p < 0.05) were obtained for storage time and inclusion of ginseng against production of primary and secondary lipid oxidation in broiler breast and leg meats from broilers fed PUFA-containing diets. We conclude that including ginseng prong in broiler growing diets represents a viable strategy to control lipid oxidation in refrigerated/cold-stored meat products.

Effect of Benzophenone-3 to Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant System in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos.

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is one of the most used UV filters. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of BP-3 during embryo stages of zebrafish four hours post-fertilization (4hpf). Embryos were exposed to 0, 1, and 10µg L-1 of BP-3 for 72h. We investigated biochemical and molecular biomarkers of neurotoxicity (AChE) and the antioxidant system (gene expression of catalase, CAT, superoxide dismutase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase, GPX, the concentration of total glutathione, GSH, and lipid hydroperoxides, LPO). Results indicated that the acute exposure to BP-3 in zebrafish embryos did not show significant differences in survival, hatching rate, or antioxidant system biomarkers. In contrast, there were significant differences associated with AChE gene expression and activity.

Aerobic Exercise During Advance Stage of Uncontrolled Arterial Hypertension.

AimTo evaluate the influence of physical training on myocardial function, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), at advanced stage of arterial hypertension, which precedes heart failure development.MethodsWe studied four experimental groups: normotensive Wistar rats (W, n = 27), trained W (W-EX, n = 31), SHR (n = 27), and exercised SHR (SHR-EX, n = 32). At 13 months old, the exercise groups underwent treadmill exercise 5 days a week for 4 months. In vitro myocardial function was analyzed in left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle preparations. Antioxidant enzyme activity and energy metabolism were assessed by spectrophotometry. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity was analyzed by lucigenin reduction and protein expression by Western blot. Statistical analyzes: ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests.ResultsSHR-EX had a lower frequency of heart failure features than SHR. Myocardial function and antioxidant enzyme activity were better in SHR-EX than SHR. Lipid hydroperoxide concentration, and phosphorylated JNK and total IkB protein expression were higher in hypertensive than control groups. Malondialdehyde, NADPH oxidase activity, total JNK, phosphorylated p38, phosphorylated and total p65 NF-κB, and phosphorylated IkB did not differ between groups. Protein expression from total p38, and total and phosphorylated ERK were higher in SHR than W. Lactate dehydrogenase and phosphorylated ERK were lower and citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyldehydrogenase were higher in SHR-EX than SHR.ConclusionExercise improves physical capacity, myocardial function, and antioxidant enzyme activity; reduces the frequency of heart failure features and ERK phosphorylation; and normalizes energy metabolism in SHR.

Effect of &lt;i&gt;Thymus marschallianus&lt;/i&gt; extract on lipid peroxidation processes &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; experiments

BACKGROUND: Currently, fundamental and experimental data confirming the role of free radicals in physiological and pathological processes have been accumulated. The literature describes conflicting information about the effect of antioxidants on the organism: they are able to protect not only normal cells from the alterative effect of free radicals, but also tumor cells, thereby supporting the survival and growth of the latter. Therefore, the study of the effect of Thymus marchallianus extract on the processes of lipoperoxidation in vivo against the background of the tumor process is relevant.&#x0D; AIM: To study the effect of Thymus marchallianus extract on the quantity of lipid peroxidation intermediates in the blood plasma of mongrel white rats with liver cancer PC-1 and compare with in vivo antioxidant activity.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of research was the dried Thymus marchallianus grass. Water and alcohol extracts were used in the experiment. Fifteen male white mongrel rats with a tumor were included in the experiment: the first group was intact, the second group received the water extract of Thymus marchallianus, and the third group received the alcohol extract of Thymus marchallianus. The activity of lipoperoxidation processes was evaluated, the content of intermediate lipid peroxidation intermediates malon dialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides and medium-mass molecules in the blood plasma of experimental rats were estimated by means of conventional spectrophotometric methods. Determination of the antioxidant activity of the infusion and alcohol extraction in the in vitro experiment was carried out by the titrimetric method.&#x0D; RESULTS: In the control groups and the group of animals that received intraperitoneal water and alcohol extracts of Thymus marchallianus, increase in the intermediate products of lipid peroxidation was not revealed. The amount of malon dialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides and medium-mass molecules in the blood plasma of experimental rats did not differ significantly from the level of similar indicators of intact animals. In the in vitro experiment, water and alcohol extracts from raw Thymus marchallianus showed antioxidant activity.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, the experiment was conducted to study the effect of water and water-alcohol extracts of Thymus marchallianus on lipoperoxidation processes in mongrel white rats with alveolar liver cancer PC-1. The activity of formation of intermediate products of lipid peroxidation did not change, since their content in the blood plasma of experimental animals did not differ from the level of similar indicators of intact animals. In vitro the infusion and alcohol extract demonstrated antioxidant activity.

Effect of Interfacial Activity of Eugenol and Eugenol Esters with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths on Inhibiting Sunflower Oil Oxidation

AbstractEffects of eugenol esters with different alkyl chain lengths and combinations of eugenol + eugenol esters on sunflower oil oxidation at 338, 358, and 378 K are evaluated by determining different kinetic parameters. Also, water content and reverse micelles size of sunflower oil samples are monitored during oxidation. Eugenyl acetate shows higher antioxidant activity than eugenol in sunflower oil, while eugenyl butyrate, eugenyl hexanoate, and eugenyl decanoate shows lower antioxidant activity than eugenol. Antioxidant activity of eugenol esters decreases by increasing their alkyl chain length. Eugenol shows a synergistic effect with eugenyl acetate and eugenyl butyrate on increasing the induction period and antioxidant activity values, while it shows an antagonistic effect with eugenyl hexanoate and eugenyl decanoate. Also, combinations of eugenol + eugenyl acetate, as well as, eugenol + eugenyl butyrate stabilize the reverse micelles at longer period of time (3263 min for eugenol + eugenyl acetate and 2900 min for eugenol + eugenyl butyrate) than eugenol (2750 min). In addition, eugenol + eugenyl acetate and eugenol + eugenyl butyrate decrease the magnitude of temperature‐related effects on sunflower oil oxidation to the higher extent than eugenol did.Practical applications: Recent studies have suggested that the antioxidants with ability to locate at the active sites of lipid oxidation can efficiently reduce lipid oxidation in bulk oil. Despite a remarkable focus on antioxidant activity of eugenol, there is no information regarding improving its interfacial performance through esterification method. Also, there are few published data regarding the effects of esterified antioxidants on physicochemical changes during the oxidation of bulk oil. In this study, eugenol is esterified with anhydrides with different alkyl chain lengths to increase its accessibility to the active site of lipid oxidation, that is, water–oil interface of reverse micelles in sunflower oil. Effects of eugenol esters on stability of reverse micelles and critical reverse micelles concentration of lipid hydroperoxides have been investigated for the first time.

Oxidative stress and inflammatory response of ghrelin on myocardial and aortic tissues in insulin-resistant rats.

This study was designed to clarify the effects of ghrelin on myocardial and aortic tissues in insulin-resistant rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: control (Group 1), insulin resistance (IR, Group 2), ghrelin (Group 3) and IR+Ghrelin (Group 4) groups. Levels of HOMA-IR, fibronectin, hydroxyproline, collagen-1, collagen-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and oxidative stress parameters as protein carbonyl (PCO), lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs), malondialdehyde, total thiol were determined in myocardial tissue. Expressions of IL-6, NF-κB and TNF-α mRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR. Aorta tissue was stained Masson trichrome. The HOMA-IR level decreased in the IR+Ghrelin group compared with the IR group (P < 0.001). The PCO and LHP concentrations were higher in the IR group compared with control rats (P < 0.05). The PCO level was reduced by ghrelin in the IR+Ghrelin group compared with the IR group (P < 0.001). Ghrelin treatment reduced the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, NF-κB and TNF-α in the IR+Ghrelin group compared with the IR group (P < 0.001). There was no difference among the groups in the histology of aortic tissue. Ghrelin, a regulator of appetite and energy homeostasis, may be effective in regulating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response when impaired by IR. Therefore, ghrelin may reduce the risks of myocardial dysfunction in IR.

Comparative Studies of Orthovanadate Nanoparticles and Metformin on Life Quality and Survival of Senile Wistar Rats.

Effect of prolong use of orthovanadate nanoparticles (GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs (8 × 25 nm)) on life quality and survival of male Wistar rats on the late stage of ontogenesis (from 23 months to the end of life) has been investigated. Multi-parametric assessment of orthovanadate NPs influences against metformin (Met) which is a well-known calorie restriction mimetic (CR-mimetic) has been completed. The quality of life was assessed by taking into account age-related hallmarks-phenotype and some physiological parameters (condition of the coat, body weight, concentration of thyroxine, rectal temperature) as well as indicators of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance of blood and liver (the content of lipid hydroperoxides; aconitase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutaredoxin activity, and activity of NADP+-dehydrogenases (DG) (glucose-6-phosphate DG, malate DG, and isocitrate DG)) in aging animals. Kaplan-Meier curve and Gehan tests with Yates' correction were performed for the survival analysis. It has been found that long-term use of GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs (0.25-0.30 mg/kg/day), as well as Met (100-110 mg/kg/day) with drinking water led to reliable improvement of physiological parameters and normalization of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in the liver and blood of experimental animals. A significant increase in the survival rate of aging rats was observed; the apparent median survival for control rats was 900 days, while for experimental rats, 1010 and 990 days for GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs and Met, respectively. In general, the data obtained demonstrate the ability of GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs and CR-mimetic-Met to improve the quality of life and increase the survival of an elderly organism.

Perinatal exposure to paracetamol: Dose and sex-dependent effects in behaviour and brain’s oxidative stress markers in progeny

Paracetamol (PAR) has been employed worldwide for pain and fever treatment during pregnancy and lactation. Epidemiologic studies have shown that exposure to PAR can increase the risk for developmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to investigate if gestational and lactational exposure to human-relevant doses of PAR could alter behavioural and brain oxidative stress parameters in the rat`s offspring. Wistar dams were gavaged daily with water or PAR (35 mg/kg/ or 350 mg/kg) during gestational day 6 to weaning (postnatal day 21). Behavioural assessments occurred at post-natal days 10 (nest seeking test), 27 (behavioural stereotypy) and 28 (three chamber sociability test and open field). Concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimate in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum of 22-day-old rats. Compared to CON animals, males exposed to PAR during pregnancy and lactation augmented apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour (350 mg/kg) and ambulation in open-field test (35 mg/kg). Reduced exploratory behaviour in three chamber sociability test was observed in pups exposed to PAR at 350 mg/kg in both sexes. PAR treatment decreased hippocampal GSH level and striatal SOD activity in males exposed to 35 mg/kg, suggesting the vulnerability of these areas in PAR-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Findings suggest PAR use during pregnancy and lactation as a potential risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders with males being more susceptible.

Shelf-life prediction and chemical characteristics analysis of milk formula during storage

In this study, changes in the chemical characteristics of milk formula stored at 25 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C during 6 months storage were investigated. Three vitamins degraded to varying degrees at all temperatures with the prolonging of storage time. Lipid oxidation continued to occur during storage. Lipid hydroperoxides content was affected by storage time, while the formation of volatile components was influenced by storage temperature and time. According to the Pearson correlation analysis, propionaldehyde was mainly caused by the degradation of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, DHA), and hexanal was the primary oxidation product of linoleic acid (C18:2n6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6, AA). Fatty acids composition, except polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), remained stable at all storage temperatures. However, the correlation between PUFAs and volatile components was only shown at 30 °C and 40 °C. Based on the analysis of physicochemical characteristics, the shelf-life of milk formula was predicted by Multivariate Accelerated Shelf-Life Test combined with Arrhenius model. The commercial shelf-life of milk formula was estimated to be stored at 25 °C and 30 °C for 12 and 8 months, respectively. Particle size, vitamin A and color difference could be used as indicators for predicting the shelf-life of dairy products with similar matrices.

Sperm DNA damage and seminal antioxidant activity in subfertile men.

Supraphysiological ROS levels can lead to apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and DNA and protein damage. This pilot study aimed to investigate the sperm oxidative damage in subfertile men, to describe the relationship between the antioxidant system and ROS. Sixty-four semen samples were categorised according to the evaluated routine parameters (WHO, WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 2010). Results were cross-referenced with the DNA damage [Comet (n=53) and TUNEL (n=49) assays], antioxidant enzyme activity [SOD (n=51), CAT (n=48) and GST (n=48)], and content of total thiols (n=36), lipid hydroperoxides (n=35) and MDA (n=31). Compared to pathospermic samples, normozoospermic presented 40%-45% fewer spermatozoa with fragmented DNA, 19% fewer hydroperoxides, and slightly higher total thiols and MDA levels. Asthenozoospermic/asthenoteratozoospermic samples had the lowest GST activity. SOD and CAT showed a similar trend. Our results evidenced significant positive correlations between DNA damage and immotile spermatozoa; SOD and CAT, GST and total thiols; CAT and GST; total thiols and sperm concentration; and MDA levels and head/midpiece abnormalities and hydroperoxides. This work contributes to the existing body of knowledge by showing that the oxidative status correlates with the classic sperm analysis parameters. Oxidative stress and DNA damage evaluation might be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in cases of idiopathic male subfertility.

Growth performance, antioxidant capacity, tissue fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism of juvenile green mud crab Scylla paramamosain in response to different dietary n-3 PUFA lipid sources

An six-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) lipid sources on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, tissue fatty acid profiles, and expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism of juvenile green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) (initial weight 45.3 ± 0.07 g). Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain fish oil (FO), krill oil (KO) and linseed oil (LO), respectively. The results indicated that crabs fed the KO diet had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) than those fed the LO diet, while no statistic differences were observed between KO and FO diets. Dietary FO could significantly increase the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) in hemolymph and hepatopancreas compared to dietary KO and LO, similar results were found in the levels of hepatopancreas 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG). Crabs fed the KO diet could significantly increase the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in comparison with FO and LO diets. Crabs fed with FO and KO had significantly higher contents of 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in hepatopancreas and muscle than those fed with LO. While dietary LO could significantly promote the accumulation of C18:3n-3 (ALA) in hepatopancreas and muscle. The anabolic pathway relevant genes: fas and 6 pg d were up-regulated in KO diet. The catabolic pathway relevant genes, hsl, was up-regulated in FO and KO diets, cpt1, was up-regulated in KO diet. Moreover, crabs fed diet supplemented with KO could significantly increase the expression levels of srb2, srebp1 and hnf4α. These findings will provide the reference for the development of the diet for the growth stage of S. paramamosain, and could contribute to deepen the understanding of the physiological metabolism of dietary fatty acids for S. paramamosain.

Oxidative Stress in Association with Metabolic Health and Obesity in Young Adults

Introduction Obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Among obese people, there are those who, apart from excessive body weight, do not exhibit other metabolic dysfunctions, have a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and show lower mortality. According to the theory, they are referred as metabolically healthy obese (MHO), in contrast to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Metabolic disturbances occurring with obesity have been well established to be associated with oxidative stress. Aim The purpose of this study was to analyse the association between selected anthropometric and biochemical parameters with oxidative stress in MHO, MUO, and normal weight young adults. Material and Methods. Individuals with age between 18 and 36 years with no history of chronic diseases and use of medicaments, with or without obesity, participated in the study. Complete blood counts, biochemical measurements, and parameters of oxidative stress such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), ceruloplasmin, thiol groups and lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), concentration of lipofuscin (LPS) in erythrocytes, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Results 422 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Among the study participants, 208 people (49.29%) were offspring of patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease. Among the participants, 16 patients have been included in the group of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) people and 61 patients in the group of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) people and 345 patients had normal body weight. Significant differences between metabolically unhealthy obese and normal weight patients, as well as between women and men, have been found. Conclusions We showed significant differences in the selected parameters of oxidative stress between metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) individuals and young volunteers with normal body weight as well as without significant medical history.

The effect of bendamine on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant defense system of blood in rats in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy

Experimental studies obtained in recent years indicate the urgency of developing drugs of complex action to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in dogs. This requires a much deeper study of the pathogenesis of heart failure, including cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was the effect of bendamine on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant defense system of blood in rats in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. To reproduce heart failure in rats, an experimental model was used by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks. The study was performed on white sexually mature young male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on the standard diet of the institute vivarium of the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. For the study, three groups of rats of 6 animals in each were formed: control group – intact animals; experimental group R1, in which animals were simulated doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin; experimental group R2, in which animals after injection of doxorubicin, intragastrically administered the drug “Bendamine” at a dose of 20 mg/kg. According to studies, doxorubicin intoxication in rats enhances LPO processes, as indicated by an increased content of lipid hydroperoxides by 47.4 %, diene conjugates – by 21.4 % and TBA-active products – by 24.9 % for animals of the control group. Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in rats has a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of animals. In particular, the activity of catalase decreases by 36.9 % (P ≤ 0.001), and the activity of SOD – by 20.3 % (P ≤ 0.001). In the study of the activity of the glutathione link of the antioxidant defense system, similar changes were found as in the study of the activity of catalase and SOD. The use of the drug “Bendamine” in the rats of the experimental group helped to inhibit the excessive formation of lipid peroxidation products and increase the activity of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant system.

Effect of Gene Polymorphisms in Antioxidant Enzymes on Oxidative-Antioxidative Status in Young Men

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between SOD1 +35A/C, SOD2 Val16Ala and GPx1 Pro198Leu gene polymorphisms and baseline level of oxidative-antioxidative status in blood. Material and methods.The study included 154 male students of physical education who participated in practical classes included in the study curriculum. Genotyping was carried out on genomic DNA using real-time PCR reaction with TaqMan assays. Also, fasting blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in whole blood, as well as serum concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum. Results. SOD2 polymorphism had a significant effect on serum LOOHs concentration. Individuals with Val/Val genotype presented a significantly higher level of LOOHs than Val/Ala genotype carriers (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, no significant differences in SOD and GPx activity or TAC were found between SOD2 genotypes. Apart from the SOD2 polymorphism, no significant influence of both SOD1 and GPx1 polymorphisms on measured biochemical parameters was found, probably due to the lack of mutant homozygous genotypes in the study group. Conclusions. In young, healthy and physically active men, SOD2 polymorphism has an influence on the resting level of oxidative stress marker in the blood without affecting both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence. In turn, SOD1 and GPx1 polymorphisms do not seem to affect oxidative-antioxidative status. However, the absence of SOD1 CC and GPx1 Leu/Leu may indicate that these genotypes are disadvantageous, and thus underrepresented in young, healthy and physically fit population.

Content of lipid peroxidation products in pig meat at industrial and domestic slaughter

The nutritional value of meat, its organoleptic characteristics and therefore the shelf life depend on the content of lipid peroxidation products in it. Intermediates of peroxidation can have a toxic effect on the human body and are one of the main factors of non-microbial degradation of meat and various products. Based on this, the aim of this work was to study the content of lipid peroxidation products in pig meat of different origins. Furthermore, the aim was to establish the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in meat, selected from different parts of the carcass. Meat samples were taken immediately after the pigs were slaughtered. A total of 3 meat samples were taken from 10 pig carcasses. One sample of meat was taken from each of the carcasses from the cervical, dorsal and femoral parts. The first 5 pigs were kept in industrial conditions and were slaughtered within the industrial slaughterhouse, and the second 5 were kept and slaughtered in personal farms. The results of the research showed that the highest level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation is registered in the meat obtained from the dorsal part of pork carcass, which is primarily due to its fat-acid composition. In meat selected from the cervical and femoral parts, the level of the studied indicators is probably lower. During storage, lipid peroxidation activity increases from the first to the fourth day and decreases slightly until the seventh. The increase in the level of all studied indicators on the fourth day of meat storage is due to the fact that natural components contained in muscle tissue, such as ferrum, myoglobin, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid can cause lipid oxidation, acting as catalysts or promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species. In the case of domestic keeping and slaughter, pig meat was found to have significantly higher concentrations of diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products compared to industrial. The main prerequisite for this is an unbalanced diet, especially in terms of the content of substances that have antioxidant properties.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles and metformin increase the reliability of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance and the survival of ageing rats

In comparison with the action of metformin — mimetic of the calorie restricted diet, which prolong the animals lifespan, it has been studied the effect of nanoparticles of cerium dioxide (CeO2 NPs (1-2 nm)) on survival, physiological indices (the concentration of thyroxine, rectal temperature), as well as biochemical indices (content of lipid hydroperoxides, aconitase, glutathione peroxidase, glutaredoxin, glutathione reductase, NADP+ -dehydrogenase activities (glucose-6-phosphate-, malate- and isocitrate dehydrogenase)) in serum, liver mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fraction of ageing rats. It has been found that the prolonged use of CeO2 NPs with drinking water (0.25-0.30 mg/kg of body weight per day) and metformin (100-110 mg/kg of body weight per day) from 670 days after the birth lead to a significant increase in survival (the median survival of control rats was 900, in animals treated with CeO2 NPs — 960, and metformin — 990 days), a decrease in rectal temperature, a slowdown in the decrease in the level of thyroxine in blood, and normalization of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in liver and blood tissues. Calculated integral index of reliability of prooxidant-antioxidant balance (reliability coefficient) in the studied tissues of rats in response to the application of the CeO2 NPs increased 4.99 times, and metformin — 4.94 times compared to intact animals. The data obtained allow us concluding about the prospects of the CeO2 NPs, as well as metformin for the development of geroprotector drugs, increasing the healthspan and survival of an ageing organism.