Lip Prints Research Articles

Application of Nanotechnology for Development of Latent Lip Prints: A Review

The forensic science is the scientific approach to identify these existing identities. From the beginning of the civilization, identification of a person uses to be an integral part of various legal and cultural activities. Forensic science is used not only to identify the criminal but also to solve the hidden mysteries of the past. With the modernization of the society, the need of personal identification also became an integral part of forensic sciences, weather its recording fingerprints for biometric attendance or dental records for estimation of age.

A Comparative Analysis of Quadrants-Wise Distribution of Lip Print Pattern in Both Genders

Lip prints from the crime scene and those collected from suspects may be useful in the determination or narrowing down of the investigation. The present study was undertaken to classify lip prints determine the most common pattern in four quadrants of lip in the study population and evaluate differences in lip prints between males and females thereby investigating their potential role in personal identification. The study was conducted on 200 subjects of which 100 were males and 100 were females. Lip prints were obtained using lipstick and adhesive tape. Our study showed a statistically significant relationship between Type I' lip print in the left lower quadrant and Type I' & Type II lip print in the right lower quadrant with the sex of the individual. Additional research on the lip print pattern is needed to expand the field of forensic anthropology and benefits law enforcement organizations. The variation of the lip print pattern in the four quadrants can aid in personal identification and sex differentiation among populations

Sex Determination Using Direct Photography Technique: a Mobile-phone Camera: A Digital Approach for Lip Prints Analysis in Malaysian Malay Population (Klang Valley)

Cheiloscopy may not be as well-known as other techniques of identification, such as fingerprint or DNA analysis, but it has its own impact in the appropriate circumstances. Cheiloscopy has been recognized as an important tool for human identification. A manual approach of studying lip prints was utilised by many researchers (magnifying glasses). Nonetheless, the current study relied solely on a mobile phone camera to visually capture lip prints for sex determination. 377 samples of lip prints were analysed with Adobe Photoshop software and classified into six different types of lip print patterns, according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classifications. Lip prints were divided into six sections including upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower left, lower middle and lower right. Pearson's Chi-square test revealed significant differences between male and female lip prints (p < 0.05) among the Malaysian Malay population of the Klang Valley, with Type V (irregular pattern) lip prints being the most prevalent. In comparison to magnifying glasses, our studies proved the ability to record and examine lip prints utilising a digital approach. Keywords Cheiloscopy, Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification, sex determination, lip print, direct photograph technique, digital

Lip Print Scanner

This paper presents advancement in lip print perception and a advancement of biometric system by scanning the lips and getting the lip prints of the individual for security purposes to safeguard confidential data and information. The method used here to identify the lip prints is Cheiloscopy and which scans the lips with the help of camera with a micro lens to get lip prints. This security system was developed using machine learning in python and IoT system. This security system is an alternative for fingerprint and footprint. The security system here differentiates lips based on lip pigment, texture, and prints presented on the lips and check the database for a match. The security systems are fully developed with IoT systems and machine learning in python. The R-CNN in machine learning is used for lip analysis and supervised learning in machine learning is used to find a perfect match.

Correlation Between Tongue Prints and Lip Prints in ABO Blood Groups

Background One of the challenges faced by man in earlier days was to establish the identity of an individual. The concept of ldquoidentityrdquo is a set of physical characteristics functional or psychic normal or pathological that define an individual. Physical techniques are useful compared to sophisticated molecular techniques.Aim To record and analyze lip and tongue prints and blood group typing ABO. To correlate amongst them which could finally help in personal identification.Methods Lip print tongue print pattern and ABO blood group of 30 individuals of age group between 19-23 years 15 girls and 15 boys were recorded. Lip pattern was analyzed according to Tsuchihashi classification.Results Vertical pattern of lip print was prominent in 43.3 13 branched 40 12 reticular 13.3 4 and intersecting 3.33 1. Longitudinal medial septum shows straight pattern of 33.3 10. Whereas fungiform was 70 21 and ovoid shape of tongue was seen in 40 12. Vertical pattern shows 46.15 6 Bve zagged and straight was LMS 38.46 5 and 5 and ovoid shape was 38.46 5. Branching O ve was 58.3 and ellipsoidal was 50.Conclusions Recording of teeth and restorations as antimortem records may lead to difficulty in comparing the antimortem and post mortem records in cases of loss of teeth and destruction of restorations. Apart from the this soft tissues like lip and tongue prints remain constantly and can be recorded and used as evidence in personal identification in disasters and criminalization.

Palatal rugae as an unique and stable marker in personal identification-An interracial pilot study.

In post-mortem scenarios, often it is a very difficult process to establish a person's identity. Rugae are unique in that they are protected from trauma as they are insulated from heat by tongue and buccal pad of fat unlike fingerprint or lip print that is prone to destruction. This study was aimed to compare the palatal rugae among people of different races. The sole objectives of the study were to assess the predominant pattern in the selected groups, reliability of rugae pattern in personal identification, to evaluate reliability of sex determination and to compare the total number of rugae on right and left sides of the palate among the males and females. A total of 90 subjects were enrolled into the study and divided into three groups that are African, Dravidian and Mongoloid population. Shapes of rugae present were analyzed according to the classification given by Kapali et al. (1997) and Thomas & Kotze (1983). The predominant rugae shape in African and Dravidian population was wavy pattern, whereas Mongoloid race was predominant in curve pattern. African and Dravidian males were predominant in wavy pattern when compared to Mongoloid males where unification type was more predominant. A statistically significant association between the rugae shape in three populations exists, although subtle yet definite.

Limite ético para confirmar identidade pelos caracteres morfológicos

Abstract Technological advancements have generated tools to help with identifying individuals, allowing to verify identities and solve crimes by confirming found missing persons or accident victims, for example. An important ethical question, however, arises: do the ends always justify the means? Can facial identification from images collected by closed-circuit television cameras or analysis of photographic records confirm someone’s identity unequivocally? Can fingerprints or lip prints be used for any dactyloscopy? Knowing the limitations of scientific technical methods used in morphological comparisons allows examiners to comply with two fundamental constitutional principles: that of legality and right of the human person. By respecting them, examiners will be acting according to ethical limits.

A new insight into forensic odontology through salivary amylase amongst neurodevelopmental disorders: A review

Over the last decade, Saliva is being chosen as an alternative to blood and urine. Whole saliva contains mixture of secretions. Saliva is usually deposited in bite marks found in many homicides, assault and other criminal cases. Saliva is often detected in the crime scene along with bite marks or lip prints where the oral cavity may have been involved. Cellular and serological analysis of the obtained saliva is of immense use in identification of the accused. One such component of saliva is Amylase testing. It has been used as a presumptive test for crime scene. Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are multifaceted conditions characterized by impairments. People with NDD are overrepresented in criminal populations and evaluating them for criminal responsibility can often be a complex task for forensic examiners. Salivary Amylase can be used as a tool to evaluate the mental health of the offender.

Association between Lip Prints and Skeletal Malocclusion using Digital Photography: A Cross-sectional Study

Association between Lip Prints and Skeletal Malocclusion using Digital Photography: A Cross-sectional Study

Medicolegal Importance of Sex Determination with the Help of Lip Prints: Cheiloscopy

Introduction: Identification whether of living person or of dead bodies have always been an uphill task for forensic experts. Traditional ways of identification are used commonly due to limited resources and lack of trained personals in the relevant field. Identification becomes very important when victim or assailant is unknown. To establish identification, methods commonly used are finger prints, foot prints, DNA technology. Lip prints a relatively neglected field of identification can be used to establish identification and sex determination producing almost same results as other methods of identification. Objectives: To determine whether lip prints can be used from their configuration to determine the gender identification. Material and Method: 75 medical college students with equal gender distribution, 35 male and 35 females were included in the study. Students were aged between 18 to 25 years. Inclusion criteria: Students with no lip abnormality were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Students with any abnormality of lips or who have some lip surgery were excluded from the study. Results: The uniqueness of the lips was established by the facts that no two lips matched with each other. Females revealed type I, I’ most abundant, whereas type IV was abundantly observed among males. From the current study, with inexperienced observers it was revealed that from sample of 20 lip patterns from each gender, 18 females and 17 males were easily identified. Conclusion: Identification of a person whether living or dead is a challenging task for forensic experts around the globe. Lip prints are among the cheapest and easily available methods of identification producing almost same results as finger prints. It is a rather neglected area which needs to be focused more as it is cheap and can be equally effective in producing almost same results as other related methods used for identification and sex determination in particular unknown cases. Keywords: Sex determination, Lip prints, Medicolegal importance.

A novel single phase La2CaZnO5:Dy3+ phosphor for potential applications in WLED's, latent fingerprint and cheiloscopy

Due to the distinctiveness and perseverance of the friction ridges in fingerprints (FPs), latent fingerprints (LFPs) and lip prints (LPs) are two most significant types of evidence at crime scene. Therefore, it is essential in forensic science to develop a reliable method to detect LFPs and LPs. Traditional detection methods still face a number of difficulties, such as limited sensitivity, low contrast, strong background, and complex processing stages. We proposed a method for visualization of LFPs and LPs by utilizing La2CaZnO5:Dy3+ (1–5 mol %) (LCZO: Dy) phosphor using a solution combustion method. The crystal structure, phase purity, particle morphology, photoluminescence (PL) properties of the resulting phosphors were then characterized in detail. SEM images suggested that the obtained phosphors are non-uniform shapes and agglomerated to big particles. The photophysical properties of Dy3+ doped phosphors are analyzed by exploiting their photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission profiles. The emission profiles of all the doped samples exhibit sharp emission lines centred at ∼481, 573, and 667 nm, which are ascribed to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H13/2, and 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 intra configurational transitions of Dy3+ ion, correspondingly. The optimum doping concentration of LCZO: Dy phosphor was 4 mol%, and the dominant factor of concentration quenching effect is the nearest-neighbor ions interaction. The chromaticity coordinates of International Committee LCZO: Dy were located in the yellow color area. In addition, LCZO: 4Dy phosphor can well visualize the LFP image and LP image. The levels 1–3 features of fingerprint and groove pattern of lip print can be easily recognised with high resolution and contrast. The experimental results showed La2CaZnO5:Dy3+ can be well applied to advanced forensic investigation.

Palmar Dermatoglyphics and Lip prints Morphological Patterns as Genetic Markers among Hypertensive Patients (A study on the Upper Egyptian Females Population at Assiut University Teaching Hospital

Palmar Dermatoglyphics and Lip prints Morphological Patterns as Genetic Markers among Hypertensive Patients (A study on the Upper Egyptian Females Population at Assiut University Teaching Hospital

A Questionnaire-Based Study to Assess Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Cheiloscopy as a Forensic Odontology Diagnostic Tool Among Dental Professionals.

Background:The lips are covered with grooves and wrinkles, which form a characteristic pattern called a "lip print. The study of lip prints is called cheiloscopy.Searching for lip prints in the crime scene investigation helps in personnel identification and establishment of the true nature of the crime. Objective: This studyaimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of cheiloscopy among dental undergraduates, postgraduate students, and general dental practitioners. Materials and methods : This cross-sectional observational, descriptive, survey-based study was conducted among 320 dental professionals, which included undergraduates, graduates, postgraduate dental students, and general dental practitionersaged between 18 and 32 years. A self-administered structured questionnaire written in English and Arabic was distributed to all willing participants. The questionnaire included knowledge and awareness-based questions along with demographic details of the participants. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied to find out the association between the characteristics of the study participants and their knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology. A p-value of0.05 was considered significant for all the statistical tests using IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: A total of 320 dental professionals completed the survey. The majority of participants (55.3%) were males (and 14.4% were females) between the ages of 23 and 27. Most of the participants were general dental practitioners (36.9%), followed by undergraduates (26.3%), graduates (8.8%), and postgraduates (18.1%). Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints, was knownto36.6% of the participants.Whereas themajority of the participants (63.4%) were notaware of it. Postgraduate (46.7%) students had more knowledge as compared to undergraduates, graduates, and general dental practitioners. About 81.6% of the participants were not aware of the classification of lip prints by Tsuchihashi and Suzuki. Conclusion:Overall,there was a lack of knowledge and awareness of cheiloscopy among all study participants, although they had good knowledge of forensic odontology. Compared to undergraduates and graduates, postgraduate dentistry students showed a greater level of cheiloscopy knowledge and awareness. Comparatively to students, general dentists, however, lacked understanding and awareness of cheiloscopy. This condition, however, can be improved if necessary steps are taken to make forensic odontology a part of the dental curriculum in Saudi Arabia.

Assessment of cheiloscopic pattern in subjects with clinically obvious facial asymmetry

Bilateral facial symmetry is rare, however clinically obvious facial asymmetry is of concern. Facial asymmetry results not only in functional, but also esthetic issues. Asymmetries could have pathological, traumatic, functional or develop­mental causal factors. Lip prints are unique to an individual just like the fingerprints and shows strong hereditary pattern and are useful in forensic science for identification in mass disaster, sex determination and criminal cases etc. Though facial asymmetry is generally evaluated using facial photograph or PA ceph but it was decided to see if there is variation in chieloscopic pattern in subjects with facial asymmetry. Considering this, it was decided to compare cheiloscopic pattern between subjects with clinically obvious facial asymmetry to normal subjects with no clinically obvious facial asymmetry.Cheiloscopic pattern of 30 subjects were equally divided in 2 groups based on clinical examination-GROUP 1(normal with no facial asyemmtry) GROUP II (subjects with obvious facial asymmetry) and their cheiloscopic pattern was recorded using photo paper and lipstick. Groove pattern of lip print was assessed as per Tsuchihashi classification-Type I-Complete vertical grooves, Type I’-partial vertical grooves, Type II-forked grooves, Type III-intersected grooves, Type IV-reticular, Type V-undetermined. The assessment was done in 3 zones each (C-centre, R-right, L-left).Adequate statistical comparison were made.For right zone, Type I’ was most common, both for Group I (40%) and Group II (46.7%). In centre zone, Type I was most common (46.7%) followed by Type II for group I, Type II was most common (40%) followed by Type I(33.3%)for Group II. On left side, Type I and I’ are most common(26%) followed by Type II(20%) for Group I and Type I’ (46.6%) is most common followed by Type I and Type II for Group II. There was no statistical significant difference between the type of lip pattern for two groups in each zone (C,R.L).Within the limitation of the study done on smaller sample size it can be stated that chieloscopic pattern did not show variation with facial asymmetry.

Reliability assessment of combination approach for gender identification using cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy – A comparitive study

Background: Various methods have been used for the identification of gender in forensic science. Gender determination can be done either by Morphological analysis or Molecular analysis. Aim: To establish a correlation between lip print pattern (cheiloscopy) and finger print pattern (dactyloscopy) individually within gender in determination of gender. Methodology: The present study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, to study cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy with gender. A total of 120 individuals selected visiting the department of oral medicine OPD with ages ranging between 20 to 30 years were considered. The present study was undertaken to correlate cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy in relation to gender. Our study elucidates the significance of cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy with gender. Results: The present study concludes that dactyloscopy individually hold potential for gender identification but correlation of these parameters in the study that is lip print and finger print pattern did not yield any significant statistical significance. Conclusion: The present study thereby concludes that dactyloscopy individually holds potential for gender identification.

Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Lip Prints among Students Doing a Professional Course in Bengaluru

Background: Identification of human beings forms the basis of any criminal investigation. Lip print study, also known as cheiloscopy is the study of patterns formed by the ridges and grooves on the external surface of lips. This study aims to classify lip prints and study its correlation to sex. Methodology: 205 student participants who volunteered were included in this study of which females were 123 and males were 82. A food safe pigment was applied to the lips. Over this pigment, the glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and the subject was asked to make a lip impression in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the centre first and then pressing it uniformly toward the corners of the lips. The cellophane strip was then stuck to the white chart paper for permanent record purpose, then visualized by magnifying lens and analysed quadrant wise.Conclusion The most common lip print in the upper lip was found to be type 3 and in the lower lip was found to be type 4. Statistically significant difference with respect to sex was observed in first quadrant only (p = 0.01) and not in others.

LIP-PRINTS – EVIDENCE LOST TO IMPERTINENCE

Objective: Identity means determination of individuality of a person beyond doubt, based on physical characteristics unique to an individual. Article-6 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has a right to identity as a person. The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa called form a characteristic pattern and the study of these is referred to as cheiloscopy. These are unique to an individual just like the fingerprints thus, hold the potential for identification purpose. This study was designed to evaluate lip-prints as a tool of forensic identification. Methods: The study was done in North Haryana on 1000 subjects aged between 15 and 25 years over a period of 2 years. Purposive sampling was done and subjects were asked to produce lip prints on bond paper, which were examined based on Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Data obtained were analyzed using Student’s t-test. Results: It was found that no two individuals had similar lip prints. Type I pattern was most common followed by Type II whereas Type V was least common. Conclusion: However, till date, no reliable system with repeatability has been developed for studying lip-prints especially to remove observer bias. Nor any comprehensive studies are available comparing lip-prints in live and dead subjects to authenticate their forensic identification potential, raising question at forethought and purpose of practical application of research in the field of cheiloscopy.

Gender Specific Correlation between Lip Print, Fingerprint and Blood Groups among Adults aged 20-30 Years attending a Tertiary Health Care Centre

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine gender specific correlation between lip print, finger print and blood group among 120 adult clinical cases in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu. Lip prints were collected using lipstick and cellophane sheet. Thumb print was collected using commercially available ink pad and white paper and analyzed using hand held magnifying lens. Blood group was noted at the time of recording lip and thumb print. A statistically significant association of gender with fingerprint (p=<0.001) and lip print (p=0.001) was found. A strong co-existing relation have been found between gender and the loop fingerprint-lip print type I’- blood group O and arch fingerprint–lip print type I’– blood group ‘O’.

Assessment and Correlation of Dactyloscopy, Cheiloscopy, and Rugoscopy Among Individuals With Different Skeletal Malocclusion—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives A probable association between dermatoglyphics and malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancy may exist as dermal ridges, and craniofacial structures develop from the same embryonic tissues during the same embryonic period. The study aims to assess and correlate the pattern of fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae in individuals with malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancy. Materials and Methods The 180 samples collected in the study were divided into 3 groups based on cephalometric analysis into class I, II, and III malocclusion. The fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae patterns were obtained for each participant and pattern analysis was done. Results Class I malocclusion with no skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop fingerprint patterns on all fingers except the first finger on the right and left hand, branched lip pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1 and 4. Class II malocclusion related to skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop pattern on all fingers except in the fourth finger of the right hand which showed a whorl pattern, branched lip pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1, 4, and 5. Class III malocclusion related to skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop pattern on all fingers except in the fourth finger of the right hand which showed an absence of arch pattern, vertical lip print pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1. Conclusion Dermatoglyphics analysis can be used to indicate developing malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancies. at an early age, thereby aiding the development of treatment aiming to establish favorable occlusion. Prospective and various ethnic and racial-based studies would be valuable for the establishment of dermatoglyphic markers of malocclusion.

Type II Lip Pattern among Medical Students in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

The study of human identification is of great value in forensic medicine. Lip patterns have unique nature and individualism so can be used for human identification. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of Type II lip print patterns among medical students in a medical college. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college from 5 March 2022 to 1 April 2022 after ethical approval from the Institution Review Committee (Reference number: 057-078/079). The lip print pattern was categorized according to Tsuchihanshi's classification. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Among 100 medical students, the Type II lip pattern was seen in 26 (26%) (17.40-34.60, 95% Confidence Interval) students. The largest number of participants was seen in 21 (80.76%) from the age group of 20-25 years. The prevalence of Type II lip pattern among medical students was similar to other studies done in similar settings.