Leonotis Leonurus Research Articles

Keeping British Columbia British: The Law-and-Order Question on a Gold Mining Frontier

THE GOLD RUSH was a great nineteenth-century phenomenon, and in the case of Califormia, British Columbia, Australia, and New Zealand, the lure of gold attracted a type of population anxious for easy profit. Not surprisingly, therefore, the question of law and order teetered precariously in the balance in each of these places. Each rush found Americans in the gold fields, and these persons influenced to varying degrees, and sometimes adversely, the developments of progress and especially law and order on the frontier. In British Columbia, as in other parts of the British Empire, a high degree of law and order was maintained, and this in marked contrast to the American record in California. Where law was strictly upheld, there it was respected. Among the documents in the Huntington Library relating to British Columbia are several interpretations of the Fraser River gold rush of 1858. What makes these letters especially noteworthy is that they are among the very few extant reports by Californians who either were considering going to the mines or were actually in the gold fields. Hitherto unused, they provide us with an indication of what American citizens either expected to find or found in British Columbia; they go far in showing that the fear of lawlessness was not held by British citizens and officials alone, and that prospective American miners similarly feared the breakdown of law and order. They also show that some Americans on their way to the gold fields were anxious to violate English law if they could and to twist the Lion's tail when the opportunity arose. One Californian, James T. Jones of San Francisco, wrote a series of letters in 1858 to his mother, who lived in the eastern United States. As far as is known, Jones never got to Fraser River. He knew well, however, that the effect of the new rush on California would be great indeed. The new humbug mines in the British possessions are taking many from this state, he wrote from San Francisco on June 5. If a Ten thousand dollar lump is taken from our old California Mines, it creates no excitement, but if a letter from John Brown is received from some new place, a thousand miles off, saying there is color of gold, everyone is crazy to go. -there is not one word of reliable information so far from Frazer's River, and no gold. Newspapers here are not to be believed.'

The Classical Revival and Urban-Rural Conflict in Nineteenth Century North America

One of the more perplexing problems we face in the historical geography of the nineteenth century in North America is the origin of the anti-urban sentiment that stood alongside other "fears" as the material of political warfare. When "twisting the Lion's tail," jeering native gentility, and decrying the "infection" of foreign culture failed to produce a rush to join a politician's legion, it was always possible to trot out the specter of the bloated, parasitic city feeding on the vital sap of America. Yet Carl Bridenbaugh showed us thirty-five years ago that the seeds of American urbanism were not "solely the product of nineteenth century industrialism, but rather . . . germinated with the earliest settlement on American soil." He concluded "Surviving evidence justifies the temerity of my conclusion that a full-fledged urban society existed well before the close of our first century of history." (Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness. Second Edition. New York, 1960, vii.) Any nativist argumentation would seem to require the inclusion of the city in our revered past, yet in the last century there was a strong belief that urban settlement was a late and non-vital growth on an older and more "basic" agricultural root-system.

Constituents of Solidago Species. Part V. Non-acidic Diterpenoids from Solidago gigantea var. serotina

Eight new furan-containing diterpenoids from Solidago gigantea Ait. var. serotina (Kuntze) Cronqu., are formulated as 1c–g, 2, 3a, and 4a on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence and by correlation with solidagoic acid A of previously defined constitution and stereochemistry. The structure (5a) of a ninth related compound is tentatively assigned. The allylic oxidation of some of these new diterpenoids and related compounds with the chromium trioxide – pyridine complex is reported. In the course of this investigation of formal total synthesis of compound Y from Leonotis leonurus was achieved.

"Lion Tail Like Root" Formation in Rice Plant and the Soil Conditions

"Lion Tail Like Root" Formation in Rice Plant and the Soil Conditions

The structures of compounds X and Y, two labdane diterpenoids, from Leonotis leonurus

The structures of compounds X, C20H28O5, and Y, C20H28O3, from Leonotis leonurus have been elucidated. Both possess a labdane skeleton. Compound X is a dilactone containing a cyclic ether linkage and compound Y is an αβ-unsaturated ketone related to marrubiin, with which it has been correlated through a common degradation product.

Twisting the Lion's Tail over Hawaii

Research Article| February 01 1967 Twisting the Lion's Tail over Hawaii Merze Tate Merze Tate Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1967) 36 (1): 27–46. https://doi.org/10.2307/3637089 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Merze Tate; Twisting the Lion's Tail over Hawaii. Pacific Historical Review 1 February 1967; 36 (1): 27–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3637089 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1967 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.